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Sharif
Sharīf or Sherif (, 'noble', 'highborn'), also spelled shareef, feminine sharīfa (), plural ashrāf (), shurafāʾ (), or (in the Maghreb) shurfāʾ, is a title used to designate a person descended, or claiming to be descended, from the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad ( ). It may be used in three senses: #In the broadest sense, it refers to any descendant of Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim (the Banu Hashim or Hashimites, already in Muhammad's day an established clan within the Meccan tribe of the Quraysh), including all descendants of Muhammad's paternal uncles Abu Talib (the Talibids) and al-Abbas (the Abbasids).. #More often, it refers to a descendant of Ali, a son of Abu Talib and a paternal cousin of Muhammad (the Alids), especially but not exclusively through Ali's marriage with Muhammad's daughter Fatima (the Fatimids). In the sense of descendants of Fatima and Ali (the most common one), the term effectively refers to all descendants of Muhammad. # ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharifate Of Mecca
The Sharifate of Mecca () or Emirate of Mecca was a state, ruled by the Sharif of Mecca. The Egyptian encyclopedist al-Qalqashandi described it as a Bedouin state, in that being similar to its neighbor and rival in the north the Sharifate of Medina. A sharif is a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali, Muhammad's grandson. In Western sources, the prince of Mecca was known as Grand Sherif, but Arabs have always used the appellation "Emir". The Sharifate existed from about 967 to 1916, when it became the Kingdom of Hejaz. From 1201, the descendants of the Sharifian patriarch Qatada ruled over Mecca, Medina and the Tihamah in unbroken succession until 1925. Originally a Zaydi Shi'ite emirate, the Hasanid Sharifs converted to the Shafi'i rite of Sunni Islam in the late Mamluk or early Ottoman period. Their Husaynid kin who traditionally ruled over Medina professed Twelver Shi'ism. Both the Hasanid sharifs in Mecca and Husaynid sharifs in Medina converted to Sunnism in the Maml ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sayyid
''Sayyid'' is an honorific title of Hasanid and Husaynid lineage, recognized as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his daughter Fatima and Ali's sons Hasan ibn Ali, Hasan and Husayn ibn Ali, Husayn. The title may also refer to the descendants of the family of the Bani Hashim through the Prophet’s great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, Hashim, and others including Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Hamza, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abbas, Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abu Talib, and Asad ibn Hashim. Etymology A few Arabic, Arabic language experts state that it has its roots in the word ''al-asad'' , meaning "lion", probably because of the qualities of valor and leadership. The word is derived from the verb sāda, meaning to rule. The title seyyid/sayyid existed before Islam, however not in light of a specific descent, but as a meritocratic sign of respect. Hans Wehr's ''Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic'' defines seyyid as a translation for master, chief, sov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliphate
A caliphate ( ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with Khalifa, the title of caliph (; , ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (''ummah''). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517 until the Ottoman caliphate was Abolition of the Caliphate, formally abolished as part of the Atatürk's reforms, 1924 secularisation of Turkey. An attempt to preserve the title was tried, with the Sharifian Caliphate, but this caliphate fell quickly after its conquest by the Sultanate o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sherif
Sherif, also spelled Sharif (and, in countries where Francophone Romanization is the norm, Cherif or Charif), is a proper name derived from the Arabic word (, 'noble', 'highborn', 'honorable'), originally a title designating a person descended from the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. More broadly, the title was historically applied to anyone of noble ancestry or political preeminence in Islamic countries. The name has no etymological connection with the English term ''sheriff'', which comes from the Old English word ''scīrgerefa'', meaning "shire-reeve", the local reeve (enforcement agent) of the king in the shire Shire () is a traditional term for an administrative division of land in Great Britain and some other English-speaking countries. It is generally synonymous with county (such as Cheshire and Worcestershire). British counties are among the oldes ... (county). Given name * Sherif Abdel-Fadil (born 1983), Egyptian footballer * Sherif Ahmeti (1920–1998), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caste System Among South Asian Muslims
Muslim communities in South Asia have a system of social stratification arising from concepts other than "pure" and "impure", which are integral to the caste system in India. It developed as a result of relations among foreign conquerors, local Caste, upper-caste Hindus convert to Islam (''Sharif#Usage in South Asia, ashraf'', also known as ''tabqa-i ashrafiyya'') and local lower-caste converts (''ajlaf''), as well as the continuation of the Indian caste system by converts. Non-''ashrafs'' are Other Backward Class, backward-caste converts. The concept of ''"pasmanda"'' includes ''ajlaf'' and ''arzal'' Muslims; ''ajlaf'' status is defined by descent from converts to Islam and by ''pesha'' (profession). These terms are not part of the sociological vocabulary in regions such as Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh, and say little about the functioning of Muslim society. The Baradari (brotherhood), Biradari system is social stratification in Pakistan and, to an extent, India. The South Asian Musl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hasanids
The Ḥasanids ( or , ) are the descendants of Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī, brother of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī and grandson of Muhammad. They are a branch of the Alids (the descendants of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib), and one of the two most important branches of the (the other being the descendants of Ḥasan's brother Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī, the Ḥusaynids). In Morocco, the term is particularly applied to the descendants of Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, to distinguish them from the Idrisid dynasty, which is also of Ḥasanid descent. The Moroccan Ḥasanids proper have produced two dynasties, the Saadi dynasty and the Alawite dynasty, which still reign over the country. Dynasties Notable Ḥasanid dynasties in the Muslim world include: * Alawite dynasty of Morocco * Alavid dynasty of Tabaristan * Banu Ukhaidhir of Central Arabia * Bolkiah dynasty of Brunei * Hammudid dynasty of Southern Spain * Idrisid dynasty of Morocco * the various dynasties providing the Sharifs of Mecca; includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hejaz
Hejaz is a Historical region, historical region of the Arabian Peninsula that includes the majority of the western region of Saudi Arabia, covering the cities of Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia, Tabuk, Yanbu, Taif and Al Bahah, Al-Bahah. It is thus known as the "Western Province",Mackey, p. 101. "The Western Province, or the Hejaz[...]" and it is bordered in the west by the Red Sea, in the north by Jordan, in the east by the Najd, and in the south by Greater Yemen, Yemen. Its largest city is Jeddah, which is the second-largest city in Saudi Arabia, with Mecca and Medina, respectively, being the third- and fourth-largest cities in the country. As the location of the Holy city, holy cities of Mecca and Medina, respectively the first and second holiest sites in Islam, the Hejaz is significant in the Arabo-Islamic historical and political landscape. This region is the most populated in Saudi Arabia, and Arabic is the predominant language, as in the rest of Saudi Arabia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Husaynids
The Husaynids ( or حسینیون, Ḥusayniyyūn) are a branch of the Alids who are descendants of Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is one of the two main branches of the (the other being the descendants of Husyan's brother Hasan, the Hasanids). Genealogical trees Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali Dynasties * the various lines of Shi'a imams are largely Husaynid, being descended patrilineally from Husayn ibn Ali, the third imam. This applies to the Twelver Shi'a imams, the Zaydiyya, and the various lines of Isma'ili imams. * the Isma'ili Fatimid dynasty and the later Aga Khans. * a Zaydi dynasty, descended from Hasan al-Utrush, that intermittently ruled Tabaristan in the early 10th century. * the position of Sharif of Medina was in the hands of the Husaynid Banu Muhanna dynasty. * Al Qasimi of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. * The House of Hasib of Rajhat in Bihar are descendants from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alids
The Alids are those who claim descent from Ali ibn Abi Talib (; 600–661 CE), the fourth Rashidun caliph () and the first imam in Shia Islam. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The main branches are the Hasanids and Husaynids, named after Hasan and Husayn, the eldest sons of Ali from his marriage to Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad. As the progeny of Muhammad, they are revered by all Muslims. The Alids have led various movements in Islam, and a line of twelve Alids are the imams in Twelver Shia, the largest Shia branch. Children of Ali In addition to seventeen daughters, various sources report that Ali had eleven or fourteen, or eighteen sons. His first marriage was to Fatima, daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, who bore Ali three sons, namely, Hasan, Husayn, and Muhsin, though the last one is not mentioned in some sources. Muhsin either died in infancy, or was miscarried after Fatima was injured during a raid on her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fatimids
The Fatimid Caliphate (; ), also known as the Fatimid Empire, was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimid dynasty, Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shi'a dynasty. Spanning a large area of North Africa and West Asia, it ranged from the western Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids traced their ancestry to the Islamic prophet Muhammad's daughter Fatima and her husband Ali, the first Shia, Shi'a imam. The Fatimids were acknowledged as the rightful imams by different Isma'ili communities as well as by denominations in many other Muslim lands and adjacent regions. Originating during the Abbasid Caliphate, the Fatimids initially conquered Ifriqiya (roughly present-day Tunisia and north-eastern Algeria). They extended their rule across the Mediterranean coast and ultimately made Egypt the center of the caliphate. At its height, the caliphate included—in addition to Egypt—varying areas of the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
