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Sarim
The Sarim (sometimes known as Saarim), or "forest of scholars", was a powerful faction of literati who emerged in the Early Joseon period under Kil Chae, and would later come to dominate Middle and Late Joseon politics in Korea. After outliving the Hungu faction, the Sarim faction experienced several breakups during and after the reign of King Seonjo (1567–1608) into the Western and Eastern factions; these factions would also experience their very own splits in the coming years. By the 19th century, Joseon court politics would see a shift in control from scholarly factions towards the 'in-law families'; for most of the 19th century, the Jangdong branch of the Andong Kim clan was in control of the government. History Early beginnings The philosophical lineage of the Sarim scholars originated from the neo-Confucian school of Kil Chae (1353–1419), a Goryeo scholar who studied under Yi Saek and Chŏng Mong-ju. After the fall of the Goryeo dynasty, he retreated to his home v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korean Literati Purges
Literati purges is a translation of the Korean term ''sahwa'' (), whose literal meaning is "scholars' calamity." It refers to a series of political purges in the late 15th and the 16th centuries in which Sarim scholars suffered persecution at the hands of their political rivals. The politics of the Middle Joseon Dynasty were primarily marked by a power struggle between two social groups of the yangban aristocracy. People in place were the 'Meritorious Subjects', rewarded for helping the establishment of Joseon against the former Goryeo, and subsequent accomplishments. Referred as the Hungu faction ( Hungupa, 훈구파, 勳舊派), they held the key positions in the State Council and the Six Ministries that carried out state affairs. The newcomers were the so-called Sarim (Sarimpa, 사림파, 士林派), who belonged to the neo-Confucian school of Kim Chong-jik and other thinkers. The Sarim scholars generally shunned the royal court and studied neo-Confucianism in rural provi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jo Gwangjo
Jo Gwang-jo (, 23 August 1482 – 10 January 1520), also called by his art name Jeongam (), was a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar who pursued radical reforms during the reign of Jungjong of Joseon in the early 16th century. He was framed with charges of factionalism by the power elite that opposed his reform measures and was sentenced to drink poison in the Third Literati Purge of 1519.“Later, the king ordered Jo to be put to death by drinking poison… Jo Gwang‑jo died in 1519 at age 37.”, KBS World (2010). He has been widely venerated as a Confucian martyr and an embodiment of "seonbi spirit" by later generations in Korea. Some historians consider him one of the most influential figures in 16th century Korea. He is known as one of the 18 Sages of Korea () and honored as Munmyo Baehyang (). Biography Early years Jo Gwang-jo was the son of Jo Wongang () and was from the . Jo studied under the Neo-Confucian scholar , Kim Chong-jik's disciple who was in exile at the time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westerners (Korean Political Faction)
The Westerners () was a political faction that dominated Korea in the 17th century. In 1575, the Sarim split into the Easterners (Korean political faction), Easterners and Westerners. The Westerners remained the main contender of the Easterners in the Seonjo of Joseon, Seonjo age. The Westerners lost power in the later years of the Seonjo age. The Easterners and the factions that split from the Easterners had power throughout the last decade of the Seonjo age and the entirety of the Gwanghaegun age. However, the Westerners ousted Gwanghaegun from power in 1623, making Prince Neungyang king and causing the Westerners to regain power, which they had lost for a generation. The Westerners had power for half a century, from 1623 to 1674, in which they were relatively unified. The era also led to the appearance of powerful Westerner politicians such as Song Si-yeol, Song Jun-gil, and Kim Su-hang, of which Song Si-yeol was the most influential. the Yesong debate of the Hyeonjong of Joseo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Easterners (Korean Political Faction)
The Easterners () were a Political factions in Joseon Dynasty, political faction of the Joseon dynasty. This faction appeared during the reign of Seonjo of Joseon in sixteenth-century Korea, in 1575. Originating from friends of Gim Hyowon, they soon encompassed most of the disciples of Jo Sik and Yi Hwang, conflicting with Yi I and his followers, who formed the core of the Westerners (Korean political faction), Westerners. Though emerging as the dominant faction in the 1580s, it nearly collapsed at the suicide of Jeong Yeo-rip and the 1589 rebellion of Jeong Yeo-rip, succeeding bloodshed in 1589. After Westerner Jeong Cheol was exiled for attempting to make Gwanghaegun of Joseon, Prince Gwanghae the Crown Prince, the Easterners divided into Northerners (Korean political faction), Northerners and Southerners (Korean political faction), Southerners. History Division from Sarim After the death of Queen Dowager Queen Munjeong, Munjeong and her brother Yun Won-hyeong in the late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Offices Of Joseon
Three Offices, or ''Samsa'' (), is a collective name for three government offices in the Joseon dynasty that functioned as major organ of press and provided checks and balance on the king and the officials. These were Sahŏnbu (), Saganwŏn (), and Hongmun'gwan (). While modeled after the Chinese system of Censorate, they played much more prominent roles in the Joseon government than their Chinese counterparts. Some historians credit the Three Offices for the absence of abuses by eunuchs that were prevalent throughout Chinese history. The officials who served in these offices, called "daegan" (대간), tended to be younger and of lower rank compared to other offices such as the Six Ministries but had strong academic reputations and enjoyed special privileges and great prestige. To be appointed, they went through a more thorough review of character and family background. The children of officials who were impeached for corruption and children of concubines were excluded, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungu (Korean Political Faction)
Hungu () was a political faction of the Joseon Dynasty in the 15th and 16th centuries. It formed in 1455 under Sejo of Joseon. After the death of Sejo and ascension of Seongjong of Joseon, the rival faction Sarim faction, Sarim gained power and influence. The Hungu retaliated under the reign of Yeonsangun of Joseon, Yeonsangun in two violent purges of Sarim members. After Yeonsangun's overthrow by pro-Sarim Jungjong and his minister Jo Gwang-jo, Hungu engineered a third purge that resulted in Jo's death. Hungu wielded power through the rest of Jungjong's reign and into the reign of Myeongjong of Joseon. In 1567, with the ascension of Seonjo of Joseon to the throne, the influence of Hungu permanently ended in favor of Sarim. Members Members include: *Shin Suk-ju *Chŏng Inji *Jeong Chang-son *Sŏng Hŭian *Pak Wŏnjong Events *Yeonsangun of Joseon: First Literati Purge of 1498 (:ko:무오사화, Muo Sahwa (무오사화) and Second Literati Purge of 1504 :ko:갑자사화, Gapja Sahwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeonsangun Of Joseon
Yeonsangun or Prince Yeonsan (; 23 November 1476 – 20 November 1506), personal name Yi Yung (), was the 10th monarch of the Joseon, Joseon dynasty of Korea. Often considered the worst tyrant in Joseon's history and perhaps all History of Korea, Korean history, he is notorious for launching Korean literati purges, two bloody purges, seizing hundreds of women from all over the peninsula to serve as palace entertainers, and appropriating Sungkyunkwan as a personal pleasure ground. Yeonsangun's despotic rule provided a stark contrast to the liberal era of Seongjong of Joseon, his father, and as a much-despised overthrown monarch, he did not receive a temple name. Biography Execution of his mother Lady Yun, later known as the Deposed Queen Yun, served Yeonsangun's father, Seongjong of Joseon, King Seongjong, as a Concubinage, concubine until the death of Queen Gonghye, Seongjong's first wife. With no heir, the king was urged by counselors to take a second wife to secure the heredi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seowon
() were the most common educational institutions of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. They were private institutions, and combined the functions of a Confucian shrine and a Confucian school. In educational terms, the were primarily occupied with preparing young men for the gwageo, national civil service examinations. In most cases, served only pupils of the aristocratic class. On 6 July 2019, UNESCO recognized a collection of nine as World Heritage Sites. History first appeared in Korea in the early Joseon Dynasty, whose establishment were driven mainly by the Sarim Neo-Confucianism, Neo-Confucian scholars. While the exact year of introduction in Korea is not known for certain, in 1418 King Sejong of Joseon, Sejong issued rewards to two scholars for their work in setting up in Gimje and Gwangju. The first to receive a royal charter was the Sosu Seowon in Punggi, presided over by Toegye, which was given a hanging board by Myeongjong of Joseon, King Myeongjong in 1550. Whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseon
Joseon ( ; ; also romanized as ''Chosun''), officially Great Joseon (), was a dynastic kingdom of Korea that existed for 505 years. It was founded by Taejo of Joseon in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Yalu River, Amnok and Tumen River, Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchen people, Jurchens. During its 500-year duration, Joseon encouraged the entrenchment of Korean Confucianism, Confucian ideals and doctrines in Korean society. Neo-Confucianism was installed as the new state's ideology. Korean Buddhism, Buddhism was accordingly discouraged, and occasionally Buddhists faced persecution. Joseon consolidated its effective rule over the Korean peninsula and saw the he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myeongjong Of Joseon
Myeongjong (; 13 July 1534 – 12 August 1567), personal name Yi Hwan (), was the 13th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He was the second son of King Jungjong, born to Queen Munjeong. He ascended to the throne in 1545 at the age of 12 following the death of his elder half-brother, King Injong. Since he was too young to govern, his mother became regent. Biography Political factions There were two political factions at the time Myeongjong came to power; Greater Yun, headed by Yun Im, Injong's maternal uncle, and Lesser Yun, headed by Myeongjong's maternal uncles, Yun Won-hyeong and Yun Wonro. (Yun Im and Yun Brothers were close relatives by that period's standards - Yun Im was a third cousin once removed of Yun Brothers.) Greater Yun took power in 1544, when Injong succeeded Jungjong; but they failed to wipe out their opposition, since Queen Munjeong protected the Lesser Yun faction and other opposition officials. After the death of Injong in 1545, Lesser Yun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kil Chae
Kil Chae (; 1353–1419) was a Korean scholar-official who served near the end of Goryeo dynasty. A Goryeo loyalist, he refused to serve the new Joseon dynasty that overthrew Goryeo. The followers of Kil's teachings would coalesce as the Sarim faction. Works * ''Yaeun jip'' () * ''Yaeun eunhaeng seupyu'' () * ''Yaeun sokjip'' () See also * Chŏng Mong-ju * Chŏng To-jŏn * Kwŏn Kŭn * Chŏng Inji References External links Kil Chae gumi.go.kr 1353 births 1419 deaths Goryeo Confucianists Neo-Confucian scholars Chae Chae (), also less commonly spelled Chai or Chea, is a Korean family name. Its meaning differs based on the hanja used to write it. Overview The 2000 South Korean Census found 119,251 people with the family name Chae. It could be written with an ... 14th-century Korean poets 15th-century Korean poets 14th-century Korean philosophers Joseon scholar-officials People from Gumi, North Gyeongsang Politicians from North Gyeongsang Province Joseon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jungjong Of Joseon
Jungjong (; 25 April 1488 – 9 December 1544), personal name Yi Yeok (), firstly titled Grand Prince Jinseong (), was the 11th monarch of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. He succeeded to the throne after the deposition of his elder half-brother, the tyrannical, bad Yeonsangun. Biography Rise to power In September 1506, on the day Yeonsangun was deposed, soldiers belonging to the coup's leaders surrounded the house of Grand Prince Jinseong. He was about to commit suicide, thinking that his older half-brother was finally going to kill him, but after being dissuaded by his wife, Lady Shin (later known as Queen Dangyeong), Grand Prince Jinseong found himself becoming the eleventh king of Joseon. Jo Gwang-jo's reforms Jungjong worked hard to wipe out the remnants of Yeonsangun's era by reopening Sungkyunkwan (the royal university) and the Office of Censors (which criticizes inappropriate actions of the king). However, during the early days of his reign, the new king co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
