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Reservoir Simulation
Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict the Fluid dynamics, flow of fluids (typically, oil, water, and gas) through porous media. The creation of models of oil fields and the implementation of calculations of field development on their basis is one of the main areas of activity of engineers and oil researchers. On the basis of geological and physical information about the properties of an oil, gas or gas condensate field, consideration of the capabilities of the systems and technologies for its development create quantitative ideas about the development of the field as a whole. A system of interrelated quantitative ideas about the development of a field is a model of its development, which consists of a reservoir model and a model of a field development process. Layer models and processes for extracting oil and gas from them are always clothed in a mathematical form, i.e. characterized by certain mathematical relations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equation Of State
In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy. Equations of state are useful in describing the properties of pure substances and mixtures in liquids, gases, and solid states as well as the state of matter in the interior of stars. Though there are many equations of state, none accurately predicts properties of substances under all conditions. The quest for a universal equation of state has spanned three centuries. Overview At present, there is no single equation of state that accurately predicts the properties of all substances under all conditions. An example of an equation of state correlates densities of gases and liquids to temperatures and pressures, known as the ideal gas law, which is roughly accurate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bureau Of Safety And Environmental Enforcement
The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE "Bessie") is an agency under the United States Department of the Interior. Established in 2011, BSEE is an agency responsible for improving safety and ensuring environmental protection in the offshore energy industry, mainly natural gas and oil, on the United States Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). The agency oversees the safety and environmental enforcement functions formerly under the Minerals Management Service, including the authority to inspect, investigate, summon witnesses and produce evidence, levy penalties, cancel or suspend activities, and oversee safety, response, and removal preparedness. History The BSEE was established in response to the regulatory failure of the Minerals Management Service (MMS) in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010. Secretarial Order 3299 signed by then Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar on May 19, 2010, created the agency. Order 3299 also created the Bureau of Ocean Ene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bureau Of Ocean Energy Management
The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior, established in 2010 by Secretarial Order. On May 19, 2010, Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar signed a Secretarial Order dividing the Minerals Management Service (MMS) into three independent entities: BOEM, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and the Office of Natural Resources Revenue. The most important legislation for BOEM is the Outer continental shelf (OCS) Lands Act to facilitate the federal government's leasing of its offshore mineral resources and energy resources. In addition to the OCS Lands Act, the Submerged Lands Act (SLA) of 1953 grants individual states rights to the natural resources of submerged lands from the coastline to no more than 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) into the Atlantic, Pacific, the Arctic Oceans, and the Gulf of Mexico. The only exceptions are Texas and the west coast of Florida, where state jurisdiction extends from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extraction Of Petroleum
Petroleum is a fossil fuel that can be drawn from beneath the Earth's surface. Reservoirs of petroleum are formed through the mixture of plants, algae, and sediments in shallow seas under high pressure. Petroleum is mostly recovered from oil drilling. Seismic surveys and other methods are used to locate oil reservoirs. Oil rigs and oil platforms are used to drill long holes into the earth to create an oil well and extract petroleum. After extraction, oil is refined to make gasoline and other products such as tires and refrigerators. Extraction of petroleum can be dangerous and has led to oil spills. Locating the oil field Geologists and geophysicists use seismic surveys to search for geological structures that may form oil reservoirs. The "classic" method includes making an underground explosion nearby and observing the seismic response, which provides information about the geological structures underground. However, "passive" methods that extract information from naturall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halliburton
Halliburton Company is an American multinational corporation and the world's second-largest oil service company which is responsible for most of the world's fracking operations. It employs approximately 55,000 people through its hundreds of subsidiaries, affiliates, branches, brands, and divisions in more than 70 countries. The company, though incorporated in the United States, has dual headquarters located in Houston and in Dubai.''"Halliburton to Move Headquarters to Dubai"'' – ''All Things Considered'' – NPR – March 12, 2007Steffy, Loren ''"Halliburton heralds Houston's hereafter"'' – Hous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cray Research
Cray Inc., a subsidiary of Hewlett Packard Enterprise, is an American supercomputer manufacturer headquartered in Seattle, Washington. It also manufactures systems for data storage and analytics. Several Cray supercomputer systems are listed in the TOP500, which ranks the most powerful supercomputers in the world. In 1972, the company was founded by computer designer Seymour Cray as Cray Research, Inc., and it continues to manufacture parts in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, where Cray was born and raised. After being acquired by Silicon Graphics in 1996, the modern company was formed after being purchased in 2000 by Tera Computer Company, which adopted the name Cray Inc. In 2019, the company was acquired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise for $1.3 billion. History Background: 1950–1972 In 1950, Seymour Cray began working in the computing field when he joined Engineering Research Associates (ERA) in Saint Paul, Minnesota. There, he helped to create the ERA 1103. ERA eventually became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory (often shortened as Los Alamos and LANL) is one of the sixteen research and development Laboratory, laboratories of the United States Department of Energy National Laboratories, United States Department of Energy (DOE), located a short distance northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the Southwestern United States, American southwest. Best known for its central role in helping develop the First Atomic bomb, first atomic bomb, LANL is one of the world's largest and most advanced scientific institutions. Los Alamos was established in 1943 as Project Y, a top-secret site for designing nuclear weapons under the Manhattan Project during World War II.The site was variously called Los Alamos Laboratory and Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. Chosen for its remote yet relatively accessible location, it served as the main hub for conducting and coordinating nuclear research, bringing together some of the world's most famous scientists, among them numerous Nobel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amoco
Amoco ( ) is a brand of filling station, fuel stations operating in the United States and owned by British conglomerate BP since 1998. The Amoco Corporation was an American chemical and petroleum, oil company, founded by Standard Oil Company in 1889 around a oil refinery, refinery in Whiting, Indiana, and was officially the Standard Oil Company of Indiana until 1985. In 1911, it became an independent corporation as part of the break-up of the Standard Oil trust. Incorporated in Indiana, it was headquartered in Chicago. In 1925, Standard Oil of Indiana absorbed the American Oil Company, founded in Baltimore in 1910, and incorporated in 1922, by Louis Blaustein and his son Jacob Blaustein, Jacob. The combined corporation operated or licensed gas stations under both the ''Standard'' name and the ''American'' or ''Amoco'' name (the latter from ''American oil company'') and its logo using these names became a red, white and blue oval with a torch in the center. By the mid-twentiet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer Modelling Group
Computer Modelling Group Ltd., abbreviated as CMG, is a software company that produces reservoir simulation software for the oil and gas industry. It is based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada with branch offices in Houston, Dubai, Bogota, Rio de Janeiro, London and Kuala Lumpur. The company is traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the symbol CMG. The company offers three reservoir simulation applications. IMEX, a conventional black oil simulator used for primary, secondary and enhanced or improved oil recovery processes; GEM, an advanced Equation-of-State (EoS) compositional and unconventional simulator; and STARS a k-value thermal and advanced processes simulator. CMG also offers CMOST, a reservoir engineering tool that conducts automated history matching, sensitivity analysis and optimization of reservoir models. In addition, CMG has developed CoFlow, which is a unique production engineering software for wellbore and facility analysis and allows for smart coupling with r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GeoQuest
GeoQuest Systems was a company offering geology software, systems integration, and information-management services and software to the oil and gas industry from 1984 to 2001. History The company was founded in 1984. Through its Seismograph Service Corporation subsidiary, Raytheon Company invested in and subsequently purchased GeoQuest Systems in about 1989. In 1992 Schlumberger Schlumberger (), doing business as SLB, is a global multinational oilfield services company. Founded in France in 1926, the company is now incorporated as Schlumberger NV in Willemstad, Curaçao, with principal executive offices in Houston ... acquired the company. In 1993, Schlumberger merged its data services group, Finder Graphics, with GeoQuest Systems to establish the GeoQuest product line, based in Houston, Texas. In November 1995 GeoQuest acquired the ECLIPSE reservoir simulation software product line from Intera. In July 1999, GeoQuest acquired Merak Projects, a reserves, economics and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buckley–Leverett Equation
In fluid dynamics, the Buckley–Leverett equation is a conservation equation used to model two-phase flow in porous media. The Buckley–Leverett equation or the Buckley–Leverett ''displacement'' describes an immiscible displacement process, such as the displacement of oil by water, in a one-dimensional or quasi-one-dimensional reservoir. This equation can be derived from the mass conservation equations of two-phase flow, under the assumptions listed below. Equation In a quasi-1D domain, the Buckley–Leverett equation is given by: : \frac + \frac\left( \frac f_w(S_w) \right) = 0, where S_w(x,t) is the wetting-phase (water) saturation, Q is the total flow rate, \phi is the rock porosity, A is the area of the cross-section in the sample volume, and f_w(S_w) is the fractional flow function of the wetting phase. Typically, f_w(S_w) is an S-shaped, nonlinear function of the saturation S_w, which characterizes the relative mobilities of the two phases: : f_w(S_w) = \frac = \fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
