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Reproductively Isolated
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation. They prevent members of different species from producing offspring, or ensure that any offspring are sterile. These barriers maintain the integrity of a species by reducing gene flow between related species.Strickberger, M. 1978. ''Genética''. Omega, Barcelona, España, p.: 874–879. .Futuyma, D. 1998. ''Evolutionary biology'' (3ª edición). Sinauer, Sunderland. The mechanisms of reproductive isolation have been classified in a number of ways. Zoologist Ernst Mayr classified the mechanisms of reproductive isolation in two broad categories: pre-zygotic for those that act before fertilization (or before mating in the case of animals) and post-zygotic for those that act after it.Mayr, E. 1963. ''Animal species and evolution''. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. The mechanisms are genetically controlled and can appear in species w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. It occurs when evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift act on genetic variation, resulting in certain characteristics becoming more or less common within a population over successive generations. The process of evolution has given rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation. The scientific theory of evolution by natural selection was conceived independently by two British naturalists, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, in the mid-19th century as an explanation for why organisms are adapted to their physical and biological environments. The theory was first set out in detail in Darwin's book ''On the Origin of Species''. Evolution by natural selection is established by observable facts about living organisms: (1) more offspring are often produced than can possibly survive; (2) phenotypic variatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Maturity
Sexual maturity is the capability of an organism to reproduce. In humans, it is related to both puberty and adulthood. ''Puberty'' is the biological process of sexual maturation, while ''adulthood'', the condition of being socially recognized as an independent person capable of giving consent and taking responsibility, generally implies sexual maturity (certain disorders of sexual development notwithstanding), but depends on other criteria, defined by specific cultural expectations. Most multicellular organisms are unable to sexually reproduce at birth (animals) or germination (e.g. plants): depending on the species, it may be days, weeks, or years until they have developed enough to be able to do so; in addition, certain cues may trigger an organism to become sexually mature. These may be external, such as drought, or fire, that triggers sexual maturation of certain plants, or internal, such as percentage of body fat (certain animals). Internal cues are not to be confused ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Ananassae
''Drosophila ananassae'' is a species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ... of fruit fly that is a useful model organism for genetic studies because it is easily cultured in the laboratory, and was one of 12 fruitfly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study. References External links ''Drosophila ananassae'' at FlyBase''Drosophila ananassae'' at Ensembl Genomes Metazoa* A {{Drosophilidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Simulans
''Drosophila simulans'' is a species of fly closely related to '' D. melanogaster'', belonging to the same ''melanogaster'' species subgroup. Its closest relatives are ''D. mauritiana'' and ''D. sechellia''. Taxonomy This species was discovered by the fly geneticist Alfred Sturtevant in 1919, when he noticed that the flies used in Thomas Hunt Morgan's laboratory at the Columbia University were actually two distinct species: '' D. melanogaster'' and ''D. simulans''. Males differ in the external genitalia, while trained observers can separate females using colour characteristics. ''D. melanogaster'' females crossed to ''D. simulans'' males produce sterile F1 females and no F1 males. The reciprocal cross produces sterile F1 males and no female progeny. ''Drosophila simulans'' was found later to be closely related to two island endemics, ''D. sechellia'' and ''D. mauritiana''. ''D. simulans'' will mate with these sister species to form fertile females and sterile males, a fact t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drosophila Melanogaster
''Drosophila melanogaster'' is a species of fly (an insect of the Order (biology), order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae. The species is often referred to as the fruit fly or lesser fruit fly, or less commonly the "vinegar fly", "pomace fly", or "banana fly". In the wild, ''D. melanogaster'' are attracted to rotting fruit and fermenting beverages, and are often found in orchards, kitchens and pubs. Starting with Charles W. Woodworth's 1901 proposal of the use of this species as a model organism, ''D. melanogaster'' continues to be widely used for biological research in genetics, physiology, microbial pathogenesis, and Life history theory, life history evolution. ''D. melanogaster'' was the first animal to be Fruit flies in space, launched into space in 1947. As of 2017, six Nobel Prizes have been awarded to drosophilists for their work using the insect. ''Drosophila melanogaster'' is typically used in research owing to its rapid life cycle, relatively simple genetics with on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorthippus
''Chorthippus'' is a large genus of Gomphocerini, gomphocerine grasshoppers with around 230 described species mostly found in the Palaearctic realm. It was erected by Franz Xaver Fieber, Franz Fieber in 1852. The genus has been subdivided into subgenera including: ''Altichorthippus'', ''Chorthippus'' and ''Glyptobothrus'', with other species not placed. It contains a number of morphologically very similar cryptic species: listed as superspecies or species groups, for example the ''Chorthippus biguttulus'' group which contains the Chorthippus brunneus, common field grasshopper; in mainland Eurasia the various species are most easily distinguished by their song patterns.Bukhvalova MA (1993) The song and morphological characters of some grasshoppers of the ''Chorthippus biguttulus'' group (Orthoptera, Acrididae) from Russia and adjacent territories. ''Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal'', 72(5), 55–65. Species The ''Orthoptera Species File'' includes: # ''Chorthippus abchasicus'' Ramme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Cicada Song
New or NEW may refer to: Music * New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz * ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013 ** "New" (Paul McCartney song), 2013 * ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator, 1995 * "New" (Daya song), 2017 * "New" (No Doubt song), 1999 * "new", a song by Loona from the 2017 single album '' Yves'' * "The New", a song by Interpol from the 2002 album ''Turn On the Bright Lights'' Transportation * Lakefront Airport, New Orleans, U.S., IATA airport code NEW * Newcraighall railway station, Scotland, station code NEW Other uses * ''New'' (film), a 2004 Tamil movie * New (surname), an English family name * NEW (TV station), in Australia * new and delete (C++), in the computer programming language * Net economic welfare, a proposed macroeconomic indicator * Net explosive weight, also known as net explosive quantity * Network of enlightened Women, an American organization * Newar language, ISO 639-2/3 language code new * Next Entertainment World, a South Korean media company ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dioecious
Dioecy ( ; ; adj. dioecious, ) is a characteristic of certain species that have distinct unisexual individuals, each producing either male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction. Dioecy has costs, since only the female part of the population directly produces offspring. It is one method for excluding self-fertilization and promoting allogamy (outcrossing), and thus tends to reduce the expression of recessive deleterious mutations present in a population. Plants have several other methods of preventing self-fertilization including, for example, dichogamy, herkogamy, and self-incompatibility. In zoology In zoology, dioecy means that an animal is either male or female, in which case the synonym gonochory is more often used. Most animal species are gonochoric, almost all vertebrate species are gonochoric, and all bird and mammal species are gonochoric. Dioecy may also describe colonies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tradescantia Subaspera
''Tradescantia subaspera'', the zigzag spiderwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Commelinaceae, native to the eastern United States. Its zigzagging stems and wider leaves distinguish it from '' Tradescantia virginiana''. It is recommended for shady naturalistic garden settings. It has three petals which are violet-blue to purple in color. Flowers bloom May to September. Subtaxa The following varieties are accepted: *''Tradescantia subaspera'' var. ''montana'' *''Tradescantia subaspera'' var. ''subaspera'' References subaspera Garden plants of North America Endemic flora of the United States Flora of Illinois Flora of Missouri Flora of the Southeastern United States Flora of Indiana Flora of Pennsylvania Flora of West Virginia Flora of New York (state) Plants described in 1813 {{Commelinaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tradescantia Canaliculata
''Tradescantia ohiensis'', commonly known as bluejacket or Ohio spiderwort, is an herbaceous plant species in the genus ''Tradescantia'' native to eastern and central North America. It is the most common and widely distributed species of ''Tradescantia'' in the United States, where it can be found from Maine in the northeast, west to Minnesota, and south to Texas and Florida. It also has a very small distribution in Canada in extreme southern Ontario near Windsor.Turner, B.L. (2006). Texas species of ''Tradescantia'' (Commelinaceae). Phytologia 88: 312-331. Distinguishing features of the species include glaucous ''Glaucous'' (, ) is used to describe the pale grey or bluish-green appearance of the surfaces of some plants, as well as in the names of birds, such as the glaucous gull (''Larus hyperboreus''), glaucous-winged gull (''Larus glaucescens''), ... leaves and stems, leaves forming an acute angle with the stems, sepals with hairs lacking glands which are confined to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-species Mating
In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different variety (botany), varieties, subspecies, species or genus, genera through sexual reproduction. Generally, it means that each cell has genetic material from two different organisms, whereas an individual where some cells are derived from a different organism is called a chimera (genetics), chimera. Hybrids are not always intermediates between their parents such as in blending inheritance (a now discredited theory in modern genetics by particulate inheritance), but can show Heterosis, hybrid vigor, sometimes growing larger or taller than either parent. The concept of a hybrid is interpreted differently in animal and plant breeding, where there is interest in the individual parentage. In genetics, attention is focused on the numbers of chromosomes. In taxonomy, a key question is how closely related the parent species are. Species are reproductive isolation, reproductively isola ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bufo Fowleri
''Anaxyrus fowleri'', Fowler's toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. The species is native to North America, where it occurs in much of the eastern United States and parts of adjacent Canada. It was previously considered a subspecies of Woodhouse's toad (''Anaxyrus woodhousii'', formerly ''Bufo woodhousii'').Fowler's Toad. Natural Resources Canada. Etymology The , ''fowleri'', is in honor of[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
