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Radiotelephony Procedure
Radiotelephony procedure (also on-air protocol and voice procedure) includes various techniques used to clarify, simplify and standardize spoken communications over two-way radios, in use by the armed forces, in civil aviation, police and fire dispatching systems, citizens' band radio (CB), and amateur radio. Voice procedure communications are intended to maximize clarity of spoken communication and reduce errors in the verbal message by use of an accepted nomenclature. It consists of a signalling protocol such as the use of abbreviated codes like the CB radio ten-code, Q codes in amateur radio and aviation, police codes, etc., and jargon. Some elements of voice procedure are understood across many applications, but significant variations exist. The armed forces of the NATO countries have similar procedures in order to make cooperation easier. The impacts of having radio operators who are not well-trained in standard procedures can cause significant operational problems and dela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Two-way Radio
A two-way radio is a radio transceiver (a radio that can both transmit and receive radio waves), which is used for bidirectional person-to-person voice communication with other users with similar radios, in contrast to a broadcast receiver, which only receives transmissions. Two-way radios usually use a half-duplex communication channel, which permits two-way communication, albeit with the limitation that only one user can transmit at a time. (This is in contrast to simplex communication, in which transmission can only be sent in one direction, and full-duplex, which allows transmission in both directions simultaneously.) This requires users in a group to take turns talking. The radio is normally in receive mode so the user can hear all other transmissions on the channel. When the user wants to talk, they press a " push-to-talk" button, which turns off the receiver and turns on the transmitter; when the button is released, the receiver is activated again. Multiple channels are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Z Code
Z Code (like Q Code and X Code) is a set of operating signals used in CW, TTY and RTTY radio communication. Distinct versions There are at least three sets of Z codes. : There are other sets of codes internally used by Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...'s military and other operating agencies. Examples : See also * ACP-131 References External links Ralf D. Kloth DL4TA – List of Z-codes ACP 131(F) – Communications Instructions Operating Signals {{Morse code Operating signals Encodings Morse code ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Aviation
General aviation (GA) is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) as all civil aviation aircraft operations except for commercial air transport or aerial work, which is defined as specialized aviation services for other purposes. However, for statistical purposes, ICAO uses a definition of general aviation which includes aerial work. General aviation thus represents the " private transport" and recreational components of aviation, most of which is accomplished with light aircraft. Definition The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines civil aviation aircraft operations in three categories: General Aviation (GA), Aerial Work (AW) and Commercial Air Transport (CAT). Aerial work operations are separated from general aviation by ICAO by this definition. Aerial work is when an aircraft is used for specialized services such as agriculture, construction, photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue, and aerial adver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amateur Radio
Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of the radio frequency radio spectrum, spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency, emergency communications. The term ''"radio amateur"'' is used to specify ''"a duly authorized person interested in radioelectric practice with a purely personal aim and without wikt:pecuniary, pecuniary interest"'' (either direct monetary or other similar reward); and to differentiate it from commercial broadcasting, public safety (police and fire), or two-way radio professional services (maritime, aviation, taxis, etc.). The amateur radio service (''amateur service'' and ''amateur-satellite service'') is established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) through their recommended radio regulations. National governments regulate technical and operational characteristics of transmissions and issue individual station li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Title 47 CFR Part 97
In the U.S., Part 97 is the section of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations that pertains to amateur radio and the conduct of amateur radio operators. It is a part of Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Subparts Part 97 consists of six subparts (A through F) and two appendices. A. General Provisions Subpart A contains fifteen sections, numbered 97.1–29. Subpart A defines a number of terms relevant to the provisions of Part 97 and establishes the amateur service as a "voluntary, noncommercial communications service" devoted to advancement of the amateur art, the skills associated with it, and the international goodwill that it brings, especially with regard to the provision of emergency communications. It also establishes the basic constraints and rights that pertain to amateur licensing and conduct, including licensing requirements and limitations on station equipment and power output. B. Station Operating Standards Subpart B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citizens Band Radio
Citizens band radio (CB radio) is a land mobile radio system, a system allowing short-distance one-to-many bidirectional voice communication among individuals, using two-way radios operating near 27 MHz (or the 11-m wavelength) in the high frequency or shortwave band. Citizens band is distinct from other personal radio service allocations such as FRS, GMRS, MURS, UHF CB and the Amateur Radio Service ( "ham" radio). In many countries, CB operation does not require a license and may be used for business or personal communications. Like many other land mobile radio services, multiple radios in a local area share a single frequency channel, but only one can transmit at a time. The radio is normally in receive mode to receive transmissions of other radios on the channel; when users want to communicate they press a "push to talk" button on their radio, which turns on their transmitter. Users on a channel must take turns transmitting. In the US and Canada, and in the EU and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Mobile Radio Service
The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a land-mobile FM UHF radio service designed for short-range two-way voice communication and authorized under part 95 of the US FCC code. It requires a license in the United States, but some GMRS compatible equipment can be used license-free in Canada. The US GMRS license is issued for a period of 10 years. The United States permits use by adult individuals who possess a valid GMRS license, as well as their immediate family members.The FCC definition of “immediate family” includes the licensee's spouse, children, stepchildren, parents, stepparents, siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, nephews, nieces, and in-laws. See . Immediate relatives of the GMRS system licensee are entitled to communicate among themselves for personal or business purposes, but employees of the licensee who are not family members are not covered by the license. Non-family members must be licensed separately. GMRS radios are typically handheld portable (walki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family Radio Service
The Family Radio Service (FRS) is a walkie-talkie radio system authorized in the United States since 1996. This personal radio service uses channelized frequencies around 462 and 467 MHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band. It does not suffer the interference effects found on citizens' band (CB) at 27 MHz, or the 49 MHz band also used by cordless telephones, toys, and baby monitors. FRS uses frequency modulation (FM) instead of amplitude modulation (AM). Since the UHF band has different radio propagation characteristics, short-range use of FRS may be more predictable than the more powerful license-free radios operating in the HF CB band. Initially proposed by RadioShack in 1994 for use by families, FRS gained consumer popularity due to the lack of monthly fees (unlike cell phones) and being inexpensive to buy the radios. It has also seen significant adoption by business interests, as an unlicensed, low-cost alternative to the business band. New rules issued b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multi-Use Radio Service
In the United States, the Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) is a licensed by rule (i.e. under part 95, subpart J, of title 47, Code of Federal Regulations) two-way radio service similar to the Citizens band (CB). Established by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission in the fall of 2000, MURS created a radio service allowing for licensed by rule (Part 95) operation in a narrow selection of the VHF band, with a power limit of 2 watts. The FCC formally defines MURS as "a private, two-way, short-distance voice or data communications service for personal or business activities of the general public." MURS stations may not be connected to the public telephone network, may not be used for store and forward operations, and radio repeaters are not permitted. In 2009, Industry Canada (IC) established a five-year transition plan, which would have permitted the use of MURS in Canada starting June 2014. In August 2014 IC announced a deferral of MURS introduction, as "the Department doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Business Band
In the United States, the business band is the colloquial name used by radio users who utilize and scanner hobbyists who listen to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Industrial/Business pool Frequency, frequencies. The regulations listing frequencies in this pool are contained in Subpart C of Part 90, Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulations, CFR. Overview The pool describes a series of frequencies on the Very high frequency, VHF and Ultra high frequency, UHF two-way radio bands. They are reserved for use by companies and individuals operating commercial activities; educational, philanthropic, or ecclesiastical institutions; clergy activities; or hospitals, clinics, or medical associations. In the United States, use of these frequencies requires a license issued by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission, FCC. The exceptions to this are five specific frequencies that are also part of the Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Mobile Radio Service
Land mobile service (short: LMS) is – in line to ITU Radio Regulations – a mobile service between base stations and land mobile stations, or between land mobile stations. In accordance with ''ITU Radio Regulations'' (article 1) variations of this ''radiocommunication service'' are classified as follows: Mobile service (article 1.24) *Land mobile service (article 1.26) **Land mobile-satellite service (article 1.27) Frequency allocation The allocation of radio frequencies is provided according to ''Article 5'' of the ITU Radio Regulations (edition 2012). In order to improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, the majority of service-allocations stipulated in this document were incorporated in national Tables of Frequency Allocations and Utilisations which is within the responsibility of the appropriate national administration. The allocation might be primary, secondary, exclusive, and shared. *primary allocation: is indicated by writing in capital letters *secondary allocat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Title 47 Of The Code Of Federal Regulations
The Code of Federal Regulations, Telecommunications, containing the U.S. federal regulations for telecommunications can be found under 'Title 47'' of the United States Code of Federal Regulations. Commonly referenced parts * Part 15—concerning unlicensed broadcasts and spurious emissions * Part 18—concerning industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) radio bands * Part 68—concerning direct connection of all terminal equipment to the public switched telephone network * Part 73— Radio Broadcast Services *Part 74—Remote Broadcast Pickup *Part 80—Maritime Service * Part 87—concerning aviation services * Part 90—concerning licensed wireless communications for businesses and non-federal governments *Part 95—concerning GMRS, FRS, MURS, and CB radio * Part 97—concerning amateur radio Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of the radio frequency radio spectrum, spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
