|
Pterygium
A pterygium (: ''pterygia'' or ''pterygiums'') is any wing-like triangular membrane occurring in the neck, eyes, knees, elbows, ankles or digits. The term comes from the Greek word ''pterygion'' meaning "wing". Types * Popliteal pterygium syndrome, a congenital condition affecting the face, limbs, or genitalia but named after the wing-like structural anomaly behind the knee. * Pterygium (eye) or surfer's eye, a growth on the cornea of the eye. * Pterygium colli or webbed neck, a congenital skin fold of the neck down to the shoulders. * Pterygium inversum unguis or ventral pterygium, adherence of the distal portion of the nailbed to the ventral surface of the nail plate. * Pterygium unguis or dorsal pterygium, scarring between the proximal nail fold and matrix. Pterygium of the eye A pterygium reduces vision in several ways: # Distortion of the corneal optics. This begins usually when the pterygium is greater than 2mm from the corneal limbus. # Disruption of the tear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterygium (eye)
A pterygium of the eye (: ''pterygia'' or ''pterygiums'', also called surfer's eye) is a pinkish, roughly triangular tissue growth of the conjunctiva onto the cornea of the eye. It typically starts on the cornea near the nose. It may slowly grow but rarely grows so large that it covers the pupil and impairs vision. Often both eyes are involved. The cause is unclear. It appears to be partly related to long term exposure to UV light and dust. Genetic factors also appear to be involved. It is a benign growth. Other conditions that can look similar include a pinguecula, tumor, or Terrien's marginal corneal degeneration. Prevention may include wearing sunglasses and a hat if in an area with strong sunlight. Among those with the condition, an eye lubricant can help with symptoms. Surgical removal is typically only recommended if the ability to see is affected. Following surgery a pterygium may recur in around half of cases. The frequency of the condition varies from 1% to 33% ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterygium Inversum Unguis
Pterygium inversum unguis or ventral pterygium is characterized by the adherence of the distal portion of the nailbed to the ventral surface of the nail plate.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. . The condition may be present at birth or acquired, and may cause pain with manipulation of small objects, typing, and close manicuring of the nail. secondary due to connective tissue disorders. Pterygium inversum unguis is often asymptomatic. Signs and symptoms Pterygium inversum unguis is often asymptomatic. The most commonly reported symptom amongst those who do experience symptoms is bleeding or pain after clipping the affected nails. Causes The cause of pterygium inversum unguis is unknown. Congenital pterygium inversum unguis is assumed to be brought on by an early abnormality in the fetal ridge and groove formation. Idiopathic forms of pterygium inversum unguis may result from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterygium Slitlamp
A pterygium (: ''pterygia'' or ''pterygiums'') is any wing-like triangular membrane occurring in the neck, eyes, knees, elbows, ankles or digits. The term comes from the Greek word ''pterygion'' meaning "wing". Types * Popliteal pterygium syndrome, a congenital condition affecting the face, limbs, or genitalia but named after the wing-like structural anomaly behind the knee. * Pterygium (eye) or surfer's eye, a growth on the cornea of the eye. * Pterygium colli or webbed neck, a congenital skin fold of the neck down to the shoulders. * Pterygium inversum unguis or ventral pterygium, adherence of the distal portion of the nailbed to the ventral surface of the nail plate. * Pterygium unguis or dorsal pterygium, scarring between the proximal nail fold and matrix. Pterygium of the eye A pterygium reduces vision in several ways: # Distortion of the corneal optics. This begins usually when the pterygium is greater than 2mm from the corneal limbus. # Disruption of the tear. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome
Popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS) is a rare inherited genetic disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial, musculoskeletal and genitorourinary symptoms. It is primarily caused by a mutation to the ''IRF6'' gene and follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The syndrome is associated with many features such as popliteal webbing ( pterygium), cleft lip or palate, syndactyly, and genetic anomalies with the severity and expression of each symptom varying between affected individuals. PPS has an approximate incidence rate of 1 in every 300 000 live births. The condition was first described by Trélat in 1869 and later named by Gorlin and colleagues in 1968. The term '' pterygium'' is derived from the Greek word for "wing," referring to the wing-like tissue structures often observed in affected individuals. Symptoms and signs Clinical expressions of PPS are highly variable and display different combinations of abnormalities depending on the individual, but include the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterygium Unguis
Pterygium unguis (or dorsal pterygiumFreedberg, et al. (2003). ''Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine''. (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. .) forms as a result of scarring between the proximal nailfold and matrix, with the classic example being lichen planus, though it has been reported to occur as a result of sarcoidosis and Hansen's disease.James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). ''Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology''. (10th ed.). Saunders. . See also * Pterygium inversum unguis * List of cutaneous conditions Many skin conditions affect the human integumentary system—the organ system covering the entire surface of the Human body, body and composed of Human skin, skin, hair, Nail (anatomy), nails, and related muscle and glands. The major function o ... References Further reading * * External links Conditions of the skin appendages {{skin-appendage-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conjunctiva
In the anatomy of the eye, the conjunctiva (: conjunctivae) is a thin mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera (the white of the eye). It is composed of non-keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium with goblet cells, stratified columnar epithelium and stratified cuboidal epithelium (depending on the zone). The conjunctiva is highly Angiogenesis, vascularised, with many microvessels easily accessible for imaging studies. Structure The conjunctiva is typically divided into three parts: Blood supply Blood to the bulbar conjunctiva is primarily derived from the ophthalmic artery. The blood supply to the palpebral conjunctiva (the eyelid) is derived from the external carotid artery. However, the circulations of the bulbar conjunctiva and palpebral conjunctiva are linked, so both bulbar conjunctival and palpebral conjunctival vessels are supplied by both the ophthalmic artery and the external carotid artery, to varying extents. Nerve supply Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Webbed Neck
A webbed neck, or pterygium colli, is a congenital skin fold that runs along the sides of the neck down to the shoulders. There are many variants. Signs and symptoms On babies, webbed neck may look like loose folds of skin on the neck. As the child grows, the skin may stretch out to look like there is little or no fold. Associated conditions It is a feature of Turner syndrome (only found in girls) and Noonan syndrome, as well as the rarer Klippel–Feil syndrome, or Diamond–Blackfan anemia Diamond–Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital pure red blood cell aplasia that usually presents in infancy. DBA causes anemia, but has no effect on the other blood components (platelets, white blood cells). This is in contrast to Shwachman–B .... References External links {{Congenital malformations and deformations of ear, face and neck Congenital disorders of eye, ear, face and neck ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iris (anatomy)
The iris (: irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds that is responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. In optical terms, the pupil is the eye's aperture, while the iris is the diaphragm (optics), diaphragm. Eye color is defined by the iris. Etymology The word "iris" is derived from the Greek word for "rainbow", also Iris (mythology), its goddess plus messenger of the gods in the ''Iliad'', because of the many eye color, colours of this eye part. Structure The iris consists of two layers: the front pigmented Wikt:fibrovascular, fibrovascular layer known as a stroma of iris, stroma and, behind the stroma, pigmented epithelial cells. The stroma is connected to a sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae), which contracts the pupil in a circular motion, and a set of dilator muscles (dilator pupillae), which pull the iris radially to enlarge the pupil, pulling it in folds. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Growth
Cell most often refers to: * Cell (biology), the functional basic unit of life * Cellphone, a phone connected to a cellular network * Clandestine cell, a penetration-resistant form of a secret or outlawed organization * Electrochemical cell, a device used to convert chemical energy to electrical energy * Prison cell, a room used to hold people in prisons Cell may also refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Fictional entities * Cell (comics), a Marvel comic book character * Cell (Dragon Ball), Cell (''Dragon Ball''), a character in the manga series ''Dragon Ball'' Literature * Cell (novel), ''Cell'' (novel), a 2006 horror novel by Stephen King * "Cells", poem, about a hungover soldier in gaol, by Rudyard Kipling *The Cell (play), ''The Cell'' (play), an Australian play by Robert Wales Music * Cell (music), a small rhythmic and melodic design that can be isolated, or can make up one part of a thematic context * Cell (American band) * Cell (Japanese band) * Cell (album), ''Cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collagen
Collagen () is the main structural protein in the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues of many animals. It is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up 25% to 35% of protein content. Amino acids are bound together to form a triple helix of elongated fibril known as a collagen helix. It is mostly found in cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments, and skin. Vitamin C is vital for collagen synthesis. Depending on the degree of biomineralization, mineralization, collagen tissues may be rigid (bone) or compliant (tendon) or have a gradient from rigid to compliant (cartilage). Collagen is also abundant in corneas, blood vessels, the Gut (anatomy), gut, intervertebral discs, and the dentin in teeth. In muscle tissue, it serves as a major component of the endomysium. Collagen constitutes 1% to 2% of muscle tissue and 6% by weight of skeletal muscle. The fibroblast is the most common cell creating collagen in animals. Gelatin, which is used in food and industry, is collagen t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granuloma
A granuloma is an aggregation of macrophages (along with other cells) that forms in response to chronic inflammation. This occurs when the immune system attempts to isolate foreign substances that it is otherwise unable to eliminate. Such substances include infectious organisms including bacteria and fungi, as well as other materials such as foreign objects, keratin, and suture fragments. Definition In pathology, a granuloma is an organized collection of macrophages. In medical practice, doctors occasionally use the term ''granuloma'' in its more literal meaning: "a small nodule". Since a small nodule can represent any tissue from a harmless nevus to a malignant tumor, this use of the term is not very specific. Examples of this use of the term ''granuloma'' are the lesions known as vocal cord granuloma (known as contact granuloma), pyogenic granuloma, and intubation granuloma, all of which are examples of granulation tissue, not granulomas. "Pulmonary hyalinizing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmesis
Cosmesis is the preservation, restoration, or bestowing of bodily beauty.'' Dorland's Medical Dictionary''. 25th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co.; 1995 In the medical context, it usually refers to the surgical correction of a disfiguring defect, or the cosmetic improvements made by a surgeon following incisions. Its use is generally limited to the additional, usually minor, steps that the surgeon (who is generally operating for noncosmetic indications) takes to improve the aesthetic appearance of the scars associated with the operation. Typical actions include removal of damaged tissue, mitigation of tension on the wound, and/or using fine (thin) sutures to close the outer layer of skin. Cosmetic surgery is the portion of plastic surgery that concerns itself with the elective improvement of cosmesis. Prosthetic limbs The practice of cosmesis, the creation of lifelike limbs made from silicone or PVC, has grown in popularity. Such prosthetics, such as artificial hands, can n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
