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Protura
The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6–1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. The Protura constitute an order of hexapods that were previously regarded as insects, and sometimes treated as a class in their own right. Some evidence indicates the Protura are basal to all other hexapods, although not all researchers consider them Hexapoda, rendering the monophyly of Hexapoda unsettled. Uniquely among hexapods, proturans show anamorphic development, whereby body segments are added during moults. There are close to 800 species, described in seven families. Nearly 300 species are contained in a single genus, ''Eosentomon''. Morphology Proturans have no eyes, wings, or antennae, and, lacking pigmentation, are usually whitish or pale brown. The sensory function of the absent antennae is fulfilled by the first pair of the three pairs of five-segmented legs, which are held up, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexapoda
The subphylum Hexapoda (from Greek for 'six legs') or hexapods comprises the largest clade of arthropods and includes most of the extant arthropod species. It includes the crown group class Insecta (true insects), as well as the much smaller clade Entognatha, which includes three classes of wingless arthropods that were once considered insects: Collembola (springtails), Protura (coneheads) and Diplura (two-pronged bristletails). The insects and springtails are very abundant and are some of the most important pollinators, basal consumers, scavengers/ detritivores and micropredators in terrestrial environments. Hexapods are named for their most distinctive feature: a three-part body plan with a consolidated thorax and three pairs of legs. Most other arthropods have more than three pairs of legs. Most recent studies have recovered Hexapoda as a subgroup of Pancrustacea. Morphology Hexapods have bodies ranging in length from 0.5 mm to over 300 mm which are divided ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antelientomidae
''Antelientomon'' is a genus of hexapods in the order Protura The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6–1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. The Protura constitute an order of hexapods that were previou ..., and the only genus in the family Antelientomidae. It contains three species. * '' Antelientomon guilinicum'' Zhang & Yin, 1981 * '' Antelientomon prodromi'' Yin, 1974 * '' Antelientomon xizangnicum'' Yin, 1990 References Protura {{Protura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujientomidae
''Fujientomon'' is a genus of hexapods in the order Protura The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6–1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. The Protura constitute an order of hexapods that were previou ..., placed in its own family, Fujientomidae. It contains two species found in China and Japan. ''Fujientomon '' was originally described by Imadaté in 1964, and was redescribed by Nakamura in 2014. Species * '' Fujientomon dicestum'' Yin, 1977 * '' Fujientomon primum'' Imadaté, 1964 References Protura {{Protura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinentomidae
''Sinentomon'' is the only genus in the family Sinentomidae, in the hexapod order Protura The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6–1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. The Protura constitute an order of hexapods that were previou .... It contains three species found in China, Japan, and North Korea. Species * '' Sinentomon chui'' Tuxen & Paik, 1982 * '' Sinentomon erythranum'' Yin, 1965 * '' Sinentomon yoroi'' Imadaté, 1977 References Protura {{Protura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acerentomidae
The Acerentomidae are a family of hexapods in the order Protura. Acerentomids are not tracheated, and instead use cuticular gas exchange. Genera These genera are members of the family Acerentomidae. * '' Acerella'' Berlese, 1909 * '' Acerentomon'' Silvestri, 1907 * '' Acerentuloides'' Ewing, 1921 * '' Acerentulus'' Berlese, 1908 * '' Alaskaentomon'' Nosek, 1977 * '' Amazonentulus'' Yin, 1989 * '' Amphientulus'' Tuxen, 1981 * '' Andinentulus'' Tuxen, 1984 * '' Australentulus'' Tuxen, 1967 * '' Baculentulus'' Tuxen, 1977 * '' Berberentulus'' Tuxen, 1963 * '' Bolivaridia'' Bonet, 1942 * '' Brasilentulus'' Nosek, 1973 * ''Brasilidia ''Brasilidia'' is a genus of proturans in the family Acerentomidae. Species * '' Brasilidia auleta'' Szeptycki & Bedano, 2003 * '' Brasilidia nagaroorica'' Prabhoo, 1977 * '' Brasilidia sanmartini'' Tuxen, 1984 * '' Brasilidia tropica'' Nosek, ...'' Nosek, 1973 * '' Callientomon'' Yin, 1980 * '' Chosonentulus'' Imadaté & Szeptycki, 1976 * '' Delam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eosentomidae
The Eosentomidae are a family of hexapods in the order Protura. They are tracheated, unlike the Acerentomidae. Genera These genera are members of the family Eosentomidae. * '' Anisentomon'' Zhang & Yin, 1977 * '' Eosentomon'' Berlese, 1908 * '' Isoentomon'' Tuxen, 1975 * '' Madagascarentomon'' Nosek, 1978 * '' Neanisentomon'' Zhang & Yin, 1984 * '' Osientomon'' Nakamura, 2010 * '' Paranisentomon'' Zhang & Yin, 1984 * '' Pseudanisentomon'' Zhang & Yin, 1984 * '' Styletoentomon'' Copeland, 1978 * '' Zhongguohentomon'' Yin, 1979 References Protura Arthropod families {{Protura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entognatha
The Entognatha, from Ancient Greek ἐντός (''entós''), meaning "inside", and γνάθος (''gnáthos''), meaning "jaw", are a class (biology), class of wingless and Ametabolism, ametabolous arthropods, which, together with the insects, makes up the subphylum Hexapoda. Their Arthropod mouthparts, mouthparts are entognathous, meaning that they are retracted within the head, unlike the insects. Entognatha are apterous, meaning that they lack insect wing, wings. The class contains three Order (biology), orders: Collembola (springtails, 9000 species), Diplura ("two-tail", 1000 species) and Protura ("first-tail", 800 species). These three groups were historically united with the now-obsolete order Thysanura to form the class Apterygota, but it has since been recognized that the hexapodous condition of these animals has evolved independently from that of insects, and independently ''within'' each order. The orders might not be closely related, and Entognatha is now considered to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesperentomidae
The Hesperentomidae are a family of hexapods in the order Protura The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6–1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. The Protura constitute an order of hexapods that were previou .... Genera * '' Hesperentomon'' Price, 1960 * '' Huhentomon'' Yin, 1977 * '' Ionescuellum'' Tuxen, 1960 References Protura Arthropod families {{Protura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protentomidae
The Protentomidae are a family of hexapods in the order Protura The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6–1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. The Protura constitute an order of hexapods that were previou .... Genera * '' Condeellum'' Tuxen, 1963 * '' Hinomotentomon'' Imadaté, 1974 * '' Neocondeellum'' Tuxen & Yin, 1982 * '' Paracondeellum'' Yin, Xie & Zhang, 1994 * '' Protentomon'' Ewing, 1921 * '' Proturentomon'' Silvestri, 1909 References Protura Arthropod families {{Protura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acerentomon
''Acerentomon'' is a genus of proturans in the family Acerentomidae The Acerentomidae are a family of hexapods in the order Protura. Acerentomids are not tracheated, and instead use cuticular gas exchange. Genera These genera are members of the family Acerentomidae. * '' Acerella'' Berlese, 1909 * '' Acerentom .... Species * '' Acerentomon aceris'' Rusek, 1965 * '' Acerentomon affine'' Bagnall, 1912 * '' Acerentomon album'' Loksa, 1966 * '' Acerentomon bagnalli'' Womersley, 1927 * '' Acerentomon balcanicum'' Ionesco, 1933 * '' Acerentomon baldense'' Torti, 1986 * '' Acerentomon brevisetosum'' Condé, 1945 * '' Acerentomon carpaticum'' Nosek, 1961 * '' Acerentomon condei'' Nosek & Dallai, 1982 * '' Acerentomon dispar'' Stach, 1954 * '' Acerentomon doderoi'' Silvestri, 1907 * '' Acerentomon dominiaki'' Szeptycki, 1977 * '' Acerentomon fageticola'' Rusek, 1966 * '' Acerentomon franzi'' Nosek, 1965 * '' Acerentomon gallicum'' Ionesco, 1933 * '' Acerentomon giganteum'' Condé, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telson
The telson () is the hindmost division of the body of an arthropod. Depending on the definition, the telson is either considered to be the final segment (biology), segment of the arthropod body, or an additional division that is not a true segment on account of not arising in the embryo from teloblast areas as other segments. It never carries any appendages, but a forked "tail" called the caudal furca may be present. The shape and composition of the telson differs between arthropod groups. Crustaceans In lobsters, Caridea, shrimp and other Decapoda, decapods, the telson, along with the uropods, forms the tail fan. This is used as a paddle in the caridoid escape reaction ("lobstering"), whereby an alarmed animal rapidly flexes its tail, causing it to dart backwards. Krill can reach speeds of over 60 cm per second by this means. The Induction period, trigger time to optical stimulus (physiology), stimulus is, in spite of the low temperatures, only 55 milliseconds. In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthropod Leg
The arthropod leg is a form of jointed appendage of arthropods, usually used for walking. Many of the terms used for arthropod leg segments (called podomeres) are of Latin origin, and may be confused with terms for bones: ''coxa'' (meaning hip (anatomy), hip, : ''coxae''), ''trochanter'', ''femur'' (: ''femora''), ''tibia'' (: ''tibiae''), ''tarsus'' (: ''tarsi''), ''ischium'' (: ''ischia''), ''metatarsus'', ''carpus'', ''dactylus'' (meaning finger), ''patella'' (: ''patellae''). Homology (biology), Homologies of leg segments between groups are difficult to prove and are the source of much argument. Some authors posit up to eleven segments per leg for the most recent common ancestor of Neontology, extant arthropods but modern arthropods have eight or fewer. It has been argued that the ancestral leg need not have been so complex, and that other events, such as successive loss of function of a Homeobox, ''Hox''-gene, could result in Parallel evolution, parallel gains of leg segments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
