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Proof-of-payment
Proof-of-payment (POP) or proof-of-fare (POF) is an honor-based fare collection system used on many public transportation systems. Instead of checking each passenger as they enter a fare control zone, passengers are required to carry a paper ticket, transit pass, transit smartcard — or open payment methods such as contactless credit or debit cards (if applicable) — after swiping or tapping on smart card readers, to prove that they have paid the valid fare. Fares are enforced via random spot-checks by inspectors such as conductors or enforcement officers, to ensure that passengers have paid their fares and are not committing fare evasion. On many systems, a passenger can purchase a single-use ticket or multi-use pass at any time in advance, but must insert the ticket or pass into a validation machine immediately before use. Validation machines in stations or on board vehicles time stamp the ticket. The ticket is then valid for some period of time after the stamped time. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Francisco Municipal Railway
The San Francisco Municipal Railway (SF Muni or Muni ) is the primary public transit system within San Francisco, California. It operates a system of List of San Francisco Municipal Railway lines, bus routes (including Trolleybuses in San Francisco, trolleybuses), the Muni Metro light rail system, San Francisco cable car system, three historic cable car lines, and two historic streetcar lines. Previously an independent agency, the San Francisco Municipal Railway merged with two other agencies in 1999 to become the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA). In 2018, Muni served with an operating budget of about $1.2 billion. Muni is the seventh highest-ridership transit system in the United States, with rides in , and the second highest in California after the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Operations Most bus lines are scheduled to operate every five to fifteen minutes during peak hours, every five to twenty minutes middays, about eve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fare
A fare is the fee paid by a passenger for use of a public transport system: rail, bus, taxi, etc. In the case of air transport, the term airfare is often used. Fare structure is the system set up to determine how much is to be paid by various passengers using a transit vehicle at any given time. A linked trip is a trip from the origin to the destination on the transit system. Even if a passenger must make several transfers during a journey, the trip is counted as one linked trip on the system. Uses The fare paid is a contribution to the operational costs of the transport system involved, either partial (as is frequently the case with publicly supported systems) or total. The portion of operating costs covered by fares - the farebox recovery ratio - typically varies from 30%-60% in North America and Europe, with some rail systems in Asia over 100%. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-man Operation
One-person operation (OPO), also known as driver-only operation (DOO), one-man operation (OMO), single person train operation (SPTO), or one-person train operation (OPTO), similarly to driver-controlled operation, is operation of a train, bus, or tram by the driver alone, without a conductor. On one-person operated passenger trains, the engineer must be able to see the whole train to make sure that all the doors are safe for departure. On curved platforms a CCTV system, mirror or station dispatch staff are required. Although extra infrastructure such as cameras and mirrors might require additional investment, one-person operation is usually faster and cheaper to implement than automatic train operation, requiring a smaller investment in, for example, platform intruder detection systems and track protection (fencing, bridge-caging, CCTV etc.). In some cases, one-person operation can be seen as an intermediate step towards automatic train operation. While European freight t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penalty Fare
A penalty fare, standard fare, or fixed penalty notice is a special, usually higher, fare charged because a passenger using public transport did not comply with the normal ticket purchasing rules. It should not be confused with an unpaid fares notice. Penalty fares are incurred when a ticket or a rail pass cannot be produced on request. If, for example a mobile device is inoperative and the ticket cannot be displayed a penalty fare can be issued. Contrary to popular belief, penalty fares cannot solely be avoided if tickets are purchased before commencing the journey; the offence under the (British) Railway Byelaws has nothing to do with purchase of tickets, it consists solely in the failure to produce a ticket and, where necessary a rail pass, at the time of request. Evidence of ticket purchase other than the ticket itself, is not relevant to the offence. Penalty fares are a civil debt, not a fine, and a person whose penalty fare is paid is not considered to have committed a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TriMet
The Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon (TriMet) is a Transit district, transit agency that serves most of the Oregon part of the Portland metropolitan area. Created in 1969 by the Oregon Legislative Assembly, Oregon legislature, the district replaced five private bus companies that operated in the three counties: Multnomah County, Oregon, Multnomah, Washington County, Oregon, Washington, and Clackamas County, Oregon, Clackamas. TriMet began operating a light rail system, MAX Light Rail, MAX, in 1986, which has since been expanded to five lines that now cover . It also operates the WES Commuter Rail line since 2009. It also provides the operators and maintenance personnel for the Portland, Oregon, city of Portland-owned Portland Streetcar system. In , the system had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of . In addition to rail lines, TriMet provides the region's bus system, as well as LIFT paratransit service. There are 688 buses in TriMet's fleet tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Streetcar
A tram (also known as a streetcar or trolley in Canada and the United States) is an urban rail transit in which vehicles, whether individual railcars or multiple-unit trains, run on tramway tracks on urban public streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or tram networks operated as public transport are called tramways or simply trams/streetcars. Because of their close similarities, trams are commonly included in the wider term '' light rail'', which also includes systems separated from other traffic. Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains. Most trams use electrical power, usually fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line; older systems may use a trolley pole or a bow collector. In some cases, a contact shoe on a third rail is used. If necessary, they may have dual power systems—electricity in city streets and diesel in more rural environments. Occasionally, trams also carry frei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Light Rail
Light rail (or light rail transit, abbreviated to LRT) is a form of passenger urban rail transit that uses rolling stock derived from tram technology National Conference of the Transportation Research Board while also having some features from heavy rapid transit. The term was coined in 1972 in the United States as an English equivalent for the German word ''Stadtbahn'', meaning "city railway". From: 9th National Light Rail Transit Conference Different definitions exist in some countries, but in the United States, light rail operates primarily along exclusive Right_of_way#Rail_right_of_way, rights-of-way and uses either individual tramcars or multiple units coupled together, with a lower capacity and speed than a long heavy rail passenger train or rapid transit system. Narrowly defined, light rail transit uses rolling stock that is similar to that of a traditional tram, while operating at a higher capacity and speed, often on an exclusive right-of-way. In broader usage, light ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmonton Transit Service
The Edmonton Transit Service (ETS) (previously known as Edmonton Transit System) is the public transit service owned and operated by the City of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. It operates Edmonton's bus and Edmonton LRT, light rail systems. In , the system had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of . History Edmonton Transit Service began operations on 30 October 1908 as the ''Edmonton Radial Railway'' (ERR), and alternatively as the ''Edmonton Radial Tramway''. Also in 1908, ERR acquired the ''Strathcona Radial Tramway Company Limited,'' and also began servicing the villages of North Edmonton and Calder. The transit service's name was changed to ''Edmonton Transportation Service'' in July 1946, but just a year later it was re-named to ''Edmonton Transit System.'' The service was re-named to ''Edmonton Transit Service'' in 2016. Former systems Streetcars The ''Edmonton Radial Railway'' (ERR) began operations in 1908, both in the City of Edmonton and the neighbouring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wirtschaftswunder
The ''Wirtschaftswunder'' (, "economic miracle"), also known as the Miracle on the Rhine, was the rapid reconstruction and development of the Economy, economies of West Germany and Austria after World War II. The expression was first used to refer to this phenomenon by ''The Times'' in 1950. Beginning with the Monetary reform, replacement of the German reichsmark, Reichsmark with the Deutsche Mark in 1948 as legal tender (the Austrian schilling, Schilling was similarly re-established in Austria), a lasting era of low inflation and rapid industrial growth was overseen by the government led by Chancellor of Germany (Federal Republic), West German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and his Minister of Economics, Ludwig Erhard, who went down in history as the "father of the West German economic miracle". In Austria, efficient labor practices led to a similar period of economic growth. The era of economic growth raised West Germany and Austria from total wartime devastation to developed nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racial Profiling
Racial profiling or ethnic profiling is the offender profiling, selective enforcement or selective prosecution based on race or ethnicity, rather than individual suspicion or evidence. This practice involves discrimination against minority populations and often relies on negative stereotypes. Racial profiling can include disproportionate stop-and-searches, traffic stops, and the use of surveillance technology for facial identification. Racial profiling can occur de jure (when state policies target specific racial groups) or de facto (when the practice occurs outside official legislation). Critics argue that racial profiling is discriminatory as it disproportionately targets people of color. Supporters claim it can be an effective tool for preventing crime but acknowledge that it should be closely monitored and used in a way that respects civil rights. The subject of racial profiling has sparked debate between philosophers who disagree on its moral status. Some believe that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
