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Procolophonidae
Procolophonidae is an extinct family (biology), family of small, lizard-like parareptiles known from the Late Permian to Late Triassic that were distributed across Pangaea, having been reported from Europe, North America, China, South Africa, South America, Antarctica and Australia. The most primitive procolophonids were likely insectivorous or omnivorous, more Derived (phylogenetics), derived members of the clade developed Cusp (anatomy), bicusped molars, and were likely herbivorous feeding on high fiber vegetation or Durophagy, durophagous omnivores. Many members of the group are noted for spines projecting from the quadratojugal bone of the skull, which likely served a defensive purpose as well as possibly also for display. At least some taxa were likely fossorial burrowers. While diverse during the Early and Middle Triassic, they had very low diversity during the Late Triassic, and were extinct by the beginning of the Jurassic. Phylogeny The family is defined as all taxa more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parareptile
Parareptilia ("near-reptiles") is an extinct group of Basal (phylogenetics), basal Sauropsida, sauropsids ("Reptile, reptiles"), traditionally considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia (the group that likely contains all living reptiles and birds). Parareptiles first arose near the end of the Carboniferous, Carboniferous period and achieved their highest diversity during the Permian, Permian period. Several ecological innovations were first accomplished by parareptiles among reptiles. These include the first reptiles to return to marine ecosystems (mesosaurs), the first Bipedalism, bipedal reptiles (Bolosauridae, bolosaurids such as ''Eudibamus''), the first reptiles with advanced hearing systems (Nycteroleteridae, nycteroleterids and others), and the first large herbivorous reptiles (the pareiasaurs). The only parareptiles to survive into the Triassic, Triassic period were the Procolophonoidea, procolophonoids, a group of small generalists, omnivores, and herbivores. The largest f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauropareion
''Sauropareion'' (meaning "lizard cheek") is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from earliest Triassic (early Induan stage) deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It is known from the holotype SAM PK-11192, skull and partial postcranium. It was collected by the late L. D. Boonstra in 1935 from Barendskraal in the Middelburg District and referred to the Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group ( Karoo Basin). It was first named by Sean P. Modesto, Hans-Dieter Sues and Ross J. Damiani in 2001 and the type species is ''Sauropareion anoplus''. The generic name means "lizard", ''sauros'', and "cheek", ''pareion'' from Greek in reference to the lizard-like appearance of the temporal region. The specific name comes from the Greek word ''anoplos'', meaning "without arms or armour". Phylogeny Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pintosaurus
''Pintosaurus'' is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from Late Triassic deposits of northeastern Uruguay. It is known from the holotype FC-DPV 1181, a partial skull. It was collected from the Buena Vista Formation of the Paraná Basin, in Colonia Orozco, Cerro Largo Department. It was first named by Graciela Piñeiro, Alejandra Rojas and Martín Ubilla in 2004 and the type species is ''Pintosaurus magnidentis''. The generic name honours Dr. Iraja Damiani Pinto. The specific name means "with a large tooth" in Latin, a reference to the large palatal tooth pair. Phylogeny Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not s ... after Cisneros, 2008: References Procolophonidae Late Triassic reptiles of South America Triassic Uruguay Fossils ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kitchingnathus
''Kitchingnathus'' (Kitchings' mandible) is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from Early Triassic (early Olenekian stage) deposits of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. It is known from the holotype BP/1/1187, skull and partial postcranium, which was first assigned to the more derived ''Procolophon trigoniceps''. It was collected by the South African palaeontologist, James W. Kitching in October 1952 from Hobbs Hill, west of Cathcart. It was found in the middle or upper part of the Katberg Formation of the Beaufort Group ( Karoo Basin) and referred to the uppermost Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone. It was first named by Juan Carlos Cisneros in 2008 and the type species is ''Kitchingnathus untabeni''. The generic name honours James W. Kitching, and "gnathus", from Greek ''gnathos'' meaning mandible. The specific name meaning "from the hill", in isiZulu, is in reference to the locality where the fossil was found. Phylogeny Cladogram A cladogram (from Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaanthosaurus
''Phaanthosaurus'' is an extinct genus of basal procolophonid parareptile from early Triassic (Induan stage) deposits of Nizhnii Novgorod, Russian Federation. It is known from the holotype PIN 1025/1, a mandible (a dentary). It was collected from Vetluga River, Spasskoe village and referred to the Vokhmian terrestrial horizon of the Vokhma Formation. It was first named by P. K. Chudinov and B. P. Vjushkov in 1956 and the type species is ''Phaanthosaurus ignatjevi''. In 2000, Spencer and Benton found ''Contritosaurus'' to be junior synonym of ''Phaanthosaurus''. ''C. simus'' Ivakhnenko, 1974 which is known from the holotype PIN 3355/1, a partial skull with right mandible from the same location, and from three paratypes, was recombined as ''P. simus''. They also found that the second species of ''Contritosaurus'', ''C. convector'' (PIN 3357/1, a mandible) is a junior synonym of ''P. simus''. Recent cladistic Cladistics ( ; from Ancient Greek 'branch') is an approach to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptopleuroninae
Leptopleuroninae is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid reptiles. It is defined as all taxa closer to '' Leptopleuron lacertinum'' than to ''Procolophon trigoniceps''. The oldest member of Leptopleuroninae is '' Phonodus dutoitorum'' from the Induan age of the Early Triassic. It is the only procolophonid group that survived into the Late Triassic. Phylogeny A cladogram showing relationships within Procolophonidae after Modesto ''et al''., 2010: Below are two cladograms that follow phylogenetic analyses In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organ ... by Butler ''et al''. (2023): Analyses 1 and 3: Strict consensus of 760 and 18 most parsimonious trees (MPTs). Analysis 2: Single MPT. References Leptopleuroninae Triassic parareptiles Early Triassic first appearance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suchonosaurus
''Suchonosaurus'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid reptile from the Late Permian of Russia. It is monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unisp ..., including the species ''Suchonosaurus minimus'', which is itself known only from a single fragment of the upper jaw. ''Suchonosaurus'' is currently considered the oldest member of the family Procolophonidae, as it is the only procolophonid known from the Permian period. References Procolophonidae Permian reptiles Fossils of Russia Prehistoric reptile genera {{permian-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smilodonterpeton
''Smilodonterpeton'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid from the Late Triassic The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch a ... of the United Kingdom. It contains a single species, ''Smilodonterpeton ruthinensis''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q109826880 Procolophonidae Prehistoric reptile genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oryporan
''Oryporan'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid from the Early Triassic The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between 251.9 Ma and Ma (million years ago). Rocks from this epoch are collectively known as the Lower Triassic Series, which ... Sanga do Cabral Formation of Brazil. The type species is ''Oryporan insolitus''. References Procolophonidae Prehistoric reptile genera Fossil taxa described in 2021 {{triassic-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youngetta
''Youngetta'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid from the Early Triassic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after .... It contains a single species, ''Youngetta dongshengensis''. References {{taxonbar, from=Q109826872 Procolophonidae Prehistoric reptile genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Procolophoninae
Procolophoninae is an extinct subfamily of procolophonid parareptiles from the late Early Triassic to the early Middle Triassic (Olenekian and Anisian stages) of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe and South America. Currently, the oldest-known procolophonine is '' Procolophon'' from the earliest Olenekian stage. Phylogeny Procolophoninae was named in 1890 by Richard Lydekker. It is a stem-based taxon defined phylogenetically for the first time by Modesto ''et al.'' (2002) as "all taxa more related to '' Procolophon trigoniceps'' Owen, 1876 than to '' Leptopleuron lacertinum'' Owen, 1851". The cladogram below follows Ruta ''et al.'' 2011. Below are two cladograms that follow phylogenetic analyses In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as Computational phylogenetics, phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organ ... by Butler ''et al''. (2023): ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gomphiosauridion
''Gomphiosauridion'' is an extinct genus of procolophonid that inhabited Virginia during the Late Triassic. It was described by Hans-Dieter Sues and Paul E. Olsen and consists of the species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ... ''G. baileyae''. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q132179661 Triassic parareptiles Late Triassic reptiles of North America Fossil taxa described in 1993 Procolophonidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
