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Proborhyaenidae
Proborhyaenidae is an extinct Family (biology), family of metatherian mammals of the order Sparassodonta, which lived in South America from the Eocene (Mustersan) until the Oligocene (Deseadan). Sometimes it has been included as a subfamily of their relatives, the borhyaenids (as Proborhyaeninae). The largest species, ''Proborhyaena gigantea'', is estimated to be about the size of a spectacled bear, with its skull reaching in length, and body mass estimates up to approximately , making the proborhyaenids some of the largest known metatherians. Proborhyaenid remains have been found in western Bolivia, Uruguay, southern Brazil, and the provinces of Mendoza Province, Mendoza, Salta, and Chubut Province, Chubut, in Argentina. Most proborhyaenids had a robust, hyena-like skull, although one species, ''Callistoe vincei'', had an elongate, narrow skull more reminiscent of a thylacine. The teeth were strongly specialized as carnassials for eating meat, and in ''Arminiheringia'' rotated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparassodonta
Sparassodonta (from Ancient Greek, Greek ['], to tear, rend; and , gen. [', '], tooth) is an extinct order (biology), order of carnivore, carnivorous metatherian mammals native to South America, related to modern marsupials. They were once considered to be true marsupials, but are now thought to be a separate side branch that split before the last common ancestor of all modern marsupials. A number of these mammalian predators closely resemble placental predators that evolved separately on other continents, and are cited frequently as examples of convergent evolution. They were first described by Florentino Ameghino, from fossils found in the Santa Cruz beds of Patagonia. Sparassodonts were present throughout South America's long period of "splendid isolation" during the Cenozoic; during this time, they shared the niches for large warm-blooded predators with the flightless Phorusrhacidae, terror birds. Previously, it was thought that these mammals died out in the face of competi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arminiheringia
''Arminiheringia'' is an extinct genus of sparassodont. It lived during the Early Eocene in South America. Description This animal had an exceptionally robust skull with strong teeth. The lower canines were exceptionally long and projected forward. The molars and premolars suggests a carnivorous diet. Its body was probably massive, and the animal reached a considerable size, about 1.8 meters in length. Its legs were strong and sturdy, with a general appearance probably resembling that of a modern bear. Classification ''Arminiheringia'' was a typical member of the family Proborhyaenidae, a clade of South American bear-like metatherians. Those animals belonged to the order Sparassodonta, a clade related to marsupials whose members, during the course of their evolution, occupied niches ordinarily occupied on other continents by carnivores. ''Arminiheringia'' and its relatives superficially resembled creodont Creodonta ("meat teeth") is a former order of extinct carnivorous pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callistoe
''Callistoe'' is an extinct genus of sparassodont. It lived during the Early Eocene, and its fossilized remains were found in South America. Description Unlike most of its relatives, such as '' Proborhyaena'' and ''Arminiheringia'', ''Callistoe'' had a narrow, puny snout, and the shape of its skull resembled that of a thylacine. ''Callistoe'' lacked the characteristics associated with the ability to climb in its limbs and vertebrae. The shape of its limb joints, the presence of an ossified patella and the shape of the limb bones show that it was limited to a parasagittal gait, and possessed little flexibility in its elbows, wrists, knees and ankles; ''Callistoe'' probably specialized in walking and running. ''Callistoe'', approximately two meters long, had a slender and light body, and weighed approximately 23 kilograms. Classification ''Callistoe vincei'' was first described in 2002, based on an almost complete and exceptionally preserved skeleton from the Lumbrera Formation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borhyaenids
Borhyaenidae is an extinct metatherian family of low-slung, heavily built predatory mammals in the order Sparassodonta. Borhyaenids are not true marsupials, but members of a sister taxon, Sparassodonta. Like most metatherians, borhyaenids and other sparassodonts are thought to have had a pouch to carry their offspring around. Borhyaenids had strong and powerful jaws, like those of the unrelated placentalians ''Hyaenodon'' and ''Andrewsarchus'', for crushing bones. Borhyaenids grew up to an average of long. Originally, the borhyaenids were considered one of the most diverse groups of sparassodonts, including all species not originally included in the Thylacosmilidae. However, in recent years, with the elevation of most sparassodont subfamilies to family rank and the discovery that borhyaenids are more closely related to proborhyaenids and thylacosmilids than other sparassodonts, the family has been reduced to seven species in four genera. The most studied borhyaenids are the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proborhyaena
''Proborhyaena'' is an extinct genus of proborhyaenid sparassodont that lived during the Oligocene of South America. It is considered to be the largest of the sparassodonts. Description ''Proborhyaena'' was very large in size, with the skull alone reaching up to , and the whole animal may have been as large as a present-day spectacled bear. Sorkin (2008) speculated that ''Proborhyaena gigantea'' may have weighed up to , but subsequent studies consider this an overestimate and argue that it would have weighed up to . ''Proborhyaena'' was a massive animal, with a robust and powerful body. Its skull was equipped with a short, high snout, and its caniniform teeth were saber-shaped, although not as developed as those of the later '' Thylacosmilus''. The canines, in contrast to those of '' Thylacosmilus'', which had an "almond-shaped" section and a sharp margin, were ovoid in cross-section and thus would have been much more robust. Like the thylacosmilids, ''Proborhyaena'' possessed o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraborhyaena
''Paraborhyaena'' is an extinct genus of Sparassodont, belonging to the family Proborhyaenidae. It was one of the large terrestrial predators that roamed South America during the Oligocene. Discovery Fossil remains of ''Paraborhyaena'' have been discovered in the Salla Formation in Bolivia. Those fossils date back from 27 to 26 millions of years ago, during the Deseadan stage of the Oligocene. Description ''Paraborhyaena'' was one of the largest predatory metatherians of all times. It was the size of an American black bear The American black bear (''Ursus americanus''), or simply black bear, is a species of medium-sized bear which is Endemism, endemic to North America. It is the continent's smallest and most widely distributed bear species. It is an omnivore, with ..., with a head-torso length of almost 1.5 meters and an estimated weight between 100 and 125 kilograms. Its skull was 40 centimeters long. ''Paraborhyaena'' had a robust head with a short snout. Unlike '' Borhy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chubut Province
Chubut ( from Tehuelche language, Tehuelche 'transparent'; ) is a provinces of Argentina, province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west (bordering Chile), and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche language, Tehuelche word , meaning 'transparent', their description of the Chubut River. The largest city is Comodoro Rivadavia in the south of the province; it has 180,000 inhabitants. The administrative capital is Rawson, Chubut, Rawson (40,000). Other important cities are Puerto Madryn, Trelew, Esquel and Sarmiento, Chubut, Sarmiento. Gaiman, Chubut, Gaiman is a cultural and demographic centre of the region known as in which Welsh settlement in Argentina, Welsh-Argentines are concentrated. History Before the Spain, Spaniards arrived in the Americas, nomadic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population, seventh-largest by population, with over 212 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 Federative units of Brazil, states and a Federal District (Brazil), Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. List of cities in Brazil by population, Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil has the most Portuguese-speaking countries, Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese language, Portuguese is an Portuguese-speaking world, official language. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazil, coastline of . Covering roughly half of South America's land area, it Borders of Brazil, borders all other countries and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendoza Province
Mendoza (), officially the Province of Mendoza, is a province of Argentina, in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region. It borders San Juan to the north, La Pampa and Neuquén to the south, San Luis to the east, and the republic of Chile to the west; the international limit is marked by the Andes mountain range. Its capital city is the homonymous city of Mendoza. Covering an area of 148,827 km2, it is the seventh biggest province of Argentina with 5.35% of the country's total area. The population for 2022 is 2,014,533 inhabitants, which makes it the fifth most populated region of the country, or 4.38% of the total national population. History Pre-Columbian times Archeological studies have determined that the first inhabitants in the area date from the Holocene, but there are few remains of those people to know their habits. The earliest sites of human occupation in Mendoza Province, Agua de la Cueva and Gruta del Indio, are 12,000–13,000 years o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salta
Salta () is the capital and largest city in the Provinces of Argentina, Argentine province of Salta Province, the same name. With a population of 618,375 according to the 2010 census, it is also the List of cities in Argentina, 7th most-populous city in Argentina. The city serves as the cultural and economic center of the Valle de Lerma Metropolitan Area (Spanish: ''Área Metropolitana del Valle de Lerma'', AMVL), which is home to over 50.9% of the population of Salta Province and also includes the municipalities of La Caldera, Vaqueros, Campo Quijano, Rosario de Lerma, Cerrillos, Salta, Cerrillos, La Merced, Salta, La Merced and Villa San Lorenzo, San Lorenzo. Salta is the seat of the Capital Department, Salta, Capital Department, the most populous department in the province. History Salta was founded on April 16, 1582, by the Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma, who intended the settlement to be an outpost between Lima, Peru and Buenos Aires. The origin of the name ''Salta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''Ēṓs'', 'Eos, Dawn') and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch.See: *Letter from William Whewell to Charles Lyell dated 31 January 1831 in: * From p. 55: "The period next antecedent we shall call Eocene, from ήως, aurora, and χαινος, recens, because the extremely small proportion of living species contained in these strata, indicates what may be considered the first commencement, or ''dawn'', of the existing state of the animate creation." The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isoto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
