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Pleural Cavity
The pleural cavity, or pleural space (or sometimes intrapleural space), is the potential space between the pleurae of the pleural sac that surrounds each lung. A small amount of serous pleural fluid is maintained in the pleural cavity to enable lubrication between the membranes, and also to create a pressure gradient. The serous membrane that covers the surface of the lung is the visceral pleura and is separated from the outer membrane, the parietal pleura, by just the film of pleural fluid in the pleural cavity. The visceral pleura follows the fissures of the lung and the root of the lung structures. The parietal pleura is attached to the mediastinum, the upper surface of the diaphragm, and to the inside of the ribcage. Structure In humans, the left and right lungs are completely separated by the mediastinum, and there is no communication between their pleural cavities. Therefore, in cases of a unilateral pneumothorax, the contralateral lung will remain functioning n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potential Space
In anatomy, a potential space is a space between two adjacent structures that are normally pressed together (directly apposed). Many anatomic spaces are potential spaces, which means that they are potential rather than realized (with their realization being dynamic according to physiologic or pathophysiologic events). In other words, they are like an empty plastic bag that has not been opened (two walls collapsed against each other; no interior volume until opened) or a balloon that has not been inflated. The pleural space, between the visceral and parietal pleura of the lung, is a potential space. Though it only contains a small amount of fluid normally, it can sometimes accumulate fluid or air that widens the space. The pericardial space is another potential space that may fill with fluid (effusion) in certain disease states (e.g. pericarditis; a large pericardial effusion may result in cardiac tamponade). Examples * Costodiaphragmatic recess * Pericardial cavity *Epidural sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Vessels
Great vessels are the large vessels that bring blood to and from the heart. These are: * Superior vena cava * Inferior vena cava * Pulmonary arteries * Pulmonary veins * Aorta Transposition of the great vessels is a group of congenital A birth defect is an abnormal condition that is present at childbirth, birth, regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disability, disabilities that may be physical disability, physical, intellectual disability, intellectual, or dev ... heart defects involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the great vessels. References Angiology {{Anatomy-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musculophrenic Artery
The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries passing within an intercostal space (the space between two adjacent ribs). There are 9 anterior and 11 posterior intercostal arteries on each side of the body. The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery and its terminal branchthe musculophrenic artery. The posterior intercostal arteries are branches of the supreme intercostal artery and thoracic aorta. Each anterior intercostal artery anastomoses with the corresponding posterior intercostal artery arising from the thoracic aorta. Anterior intercostal arteries Origin The upper six anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery (anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery). The internal thoracic artery then divides into its two terminal branches, one of which - the musculophrenic artery - proceeds to issue anterior intercostal arteries to the remaining 7th, 8th, and 9th intercostal spaces; these di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anterior Intercostal Branches
The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries passing within an intercostal space (the space between two adjacent ribs). There are 9 anterior and 11 posterior intercostal arteries on each side of the body. The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery and its terminal branchthe musculophrenic artery. The posterior intercostal arteries are branches of the supreme intercostal artery and thoracic aorta. Each anterior intercostal artery anastomoses with the corresponding posterior intercostal artery arising from the thoracic aorta. Anterior intercostal arteries Origin The upper six anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery (anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery). The internal thoracic artery then divides into its two terminal branches, one of which - the musculophrenic artery - proceeds to issue anterior intercostal arteries to the remaining 7th, 8th, and 9th intercostal spaces; these d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internal Thoracic Artery
The internal thoracic artery (ITA), also known as the internal mammary artery, is an artery that supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts. It is a paired artery, with one running along each side of the sternum, to continue after its bifurcation as the superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries. Structure The internal thoracic artery arises from the anterior surface of the subclavian artery near its origin. It has a width of between 1-2 mm. It travels downward on the inside of the rib cage, approximately 1 cm from the sides of the sternum, and thus medial to the nipple. It is accompanied by the internal thoracic vein. It runs deep to the abdominal external oblique muscle, but superficial to the vagus nerve. In adults, the internal thoracic artery lies closest to the sternum at the first intercostal space. The gap between the artery and lateral border of the sternum increases when going downwards, up to 1.1 cm to 1.3 cm at the sixth intercost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inferior Phrenic Arteries
The inferior phrenic artery is a bilaterally paired artery of the abdominal cavity which represents the main source of arterial supply to the diaphragm. Each artery usually arises either from the coeliac trunk or the abdominal aorta, however, their origin is highly variable and the different sites of origin are different for the left artery and right artery. The superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery. Structure Origin The inferior phrenic arteries vary considerably in their site of origin. typically arise from either the coeliac trunk or (the anterior aspect of) abdominal part of aorta (just superior to the coeliac trunk); the two arteries arise either separately or as a common trunk. The inferior phrenic arteries usually arise at the level corresponding to between T12 and L2 vertebrae. The right inferior phrenic artery may less often arise from the right renal artery, left gastric artery, hepatic artery proper. The left inferior phrenic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Superior Phrenic Arteries
The superior phrenic artery is a bilaterally paired artery of the thoracic cavity. The two arteries provide arterial supply to the superior surface of the diaphragm. Each artery typically arises from either (the inferior portion of) the descending part of the thoracic aorta or the 10th intercostal artery. They are distributed to the posterior part of the superior surface of the diaphragm. They form anastomoses with the musculophrenic arteries, and pericardiacophrenic arteries. See also * Inferior phrenic arteries The inferior phrenic artery is a bilaterally paired artery of the abdominal cavity which represents the main source of arterial supply to the diaphragm. Each artery usually arises either from the coeliac trunk or the abdominal aorta, however, thei ... References Arteries of the thorax {{circulatory-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intercostal Arteries
The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries passing within an intercostal space (the space between two adjacent ribs). There are 9 anterior and 11 posterior intercostal arteries on each side of the body. The anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery and its terminal branchthe musculophrenic artery. The posterior intercostal arteries are branches of the supreme intercostal artery and thoracic aorta. Each anterior intercostal artery anastomose, anastomoses with the corresponding posterior intercostal artery arising from the thoracic aorta. Anterior intercostal arteries Origin The upper six anterior intercostal arteries are branches of the internal thoracic artery (anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery). The internal thoracic artery then divides into its two terminal branches, one of which - the musculophrenic artery - proceeds to issue anterior intercostal arteries to the remaining 7th, 8th, and 9th intercostal spaces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aorta
The aorta ( ; : aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the Ventricle (heart), left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac artery, common iliac arteries). The aorta distributes Oxygen saturation (medicine), oxygenated blood to all parts of the body through the systemic circulation. Structure Sections In anatomical sources, the aorta is usually divided into sections. One way of classifying a part of the aorta is by anatomical compartment, where the thoracic aorta (or thoracic portion of the aorta) runs from the heart to the thoracic diaphragm, diaphragm. The aorta then continues downward as the abdominal aorta (or abdominal portion of the aorta) from the diaphragm to the aortic bifurcation. Another system divides the aorta with respect to its course and the direction of blood flow. In this s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arterial Tree
In anatomy, arterial tree is used to refer to all arteries and/or the branching pattern of the arteries. This article regards the human arterial tree. Starting from the aorta: the following are the parts Ascending aorta It is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum. Right coronary artery * posterior interventricular artery (mostly) * SA nodal artery (in 60%) *Right marginal artery Left coronary artery * anterior interventricular **septal **diagonal *circumflex ** SA nodal artery (in 40%) ** posterior interventricular artery (occasionally) ** Left marginal arteries ** posterolateral artery * ramus intermedius (sometimes) Aortic arch brachiocephalic artery * right common carotid artery * right subclavian artery left common carotid artery (directly from arch of aorta on left mostly) internal carotid artery * opht ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronchial Circulation
The bronchial circulation is the part of the systemic circulation that supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells that constitute the lungs, as well as carrying waste products away from them. It is complementary to the pulmonary circulation that brings deoxygenated blood to the lungs and carries oxygenated blood away from them in order to oxygenate the rest of the body. In the bronchial circulation, blood goes through the following steps: # Bronchial arteries carry oxygenated blood to the lungs # Pulmonary capillaries, where there is exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrients and waste chemical substances between blood and the tissues # Bronchial veins drain venous blood from the large main bronchi into the azygous vein, and ultimately the right atrium. Venous blood from the bronchi inside the lungs drains into the pulmonary veins and empties into the left atrium; since this blood never went through a capillary bed it was never oxygenated and so provid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
