|
Playmander
The Playmander was a pro-rural electoral Apportionment (politics), malapportionment in the Australian state of South Australia, which was introduced by the incumbent Liberal and Country League (LCL) government in 1936, and remained in place for 32 years until 1968. The term is a portmanteau of Thomas Playford IV, Playford and "gerrymander". Unlike in the US, where it originated, the term "gerrymander" was commonly used in Australia to refer to malapportionments, which were common in Australian state electoral systems. This consisted of 26 low-population rural seats holding as much as 10 times the voting power of the 13 high-population Adelaide-based seats in the Parliament of South Australia, state parliament, even though rural seats contained only a third of South Australia's population by the late 1960s. At the peak of the malapportionment in 1968 South Australian state election, 1968, the rural seat of Electoral district of Frome, Frome had 4,500 formal votes, while the metrop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Playford IV
Sir Thomas Playford (5 July 1896 – 16 June 1981) was an Australian politician from the state of South Australia. He served as Premier of South Australia and leader of the Liberal and Country League (LCL) from 5 November 1938 to 10 March 1965. Though controversial, it was List of Australian heads of government by time in office#Historical heads of government, the longest term of any elected government leader in Australian history. His tenure as premier was marked by a period of population and economic growth unmatched by any other States and territories of Australia, Australian state. He was known for his parochial style in pushing South Australia's interests, and was known for his ability to secure a disproportionate share of federal funding for the state as well as his shameless haranguing of federal leaders. His string of election wins was supported by a system of Apportionment (politics), malapportionment later dubbed the "Playmander". Born into the Playford family, an ol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal And Country League
The South Australian Liberal Party, officially known as the Liberal Party of Australia (South Australian Division), and often shortened to SA Liberals, is the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia. It was formed as the Liberal and Country League (LCL) in 1932 and became the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party when the Liberal Party was formed in 1945. It retained its Liberal and Country League name before changing to its current name in 1974. It is one of two major parties in the bicameral Parliament of South Australia, the other being the Australian Labor Party (SA Branch). The party is led by Vincent Tarzia since 12 August 2024. During its 42-year existence as the Liberal and Country League, it spent 34 years in government, mainly due to an electoral malapportionment scheme known as the Playmander. The Playmander was named after LCL leader Sir Tom Playford, who was the Premier of South Australia for 27 years from 1938 until his election lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1968 South Australian State Election
The 1968 South Australian State election was held in South Australia on 2 March 1968. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election; 38 of the 39 contests were won by candidates from Australia's two major political parties. The incumbent Labor Party South Australia led by Premier of South Australia Don Dunstan and the Liberal and Country League led by Leader of the Opposition Steele Hall) both won 19 seats. The sole independent candidate to win a race, Tom Stott of the Ridley electorate, joined with the LCL's 19 seats to form a coalition government that held a 20 to 19 majority, thus defeating the Dunstan Labor government. Key dates Outcome The election saw the Liberal and Country League opposition form a minority government, winning the same number of seats in the House of Assembly as the incumbent Australian Labor Party government, despite the fact that Labor won 53.2 percent of the two-party vote, and the LCL only 46.8. This result was due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1962 South Australian State Election
State elections were held in South Australia on 3 March 1962. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Frank Walsh. This was the first and only time that a South Australian Government won a tenth consecutive term in office. Background The Playford government, in power since 1938, went into the 1962 elections in a precarious position. At the time the writs were issued, South Australia was dogged by a massive recession. This led observers to think that Labor would finally have a chance at power; longtime opposition leader Mick O'Halloran had died suddenly in 1960, and Labor was led into the election by former deputy leader Frank Walsh. The Labor opposition won in excess of 54 percent of the statewide two-party vote, however the LCL retained government with the assistance of the Play ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1965 South Australian State Election
State elections were held in South Australia on 6 March 1965. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV, in power since 1938, was defeated by the Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Frank Walsh. Background Even though Labor won the 1944, 1953 and 1962 elections on the two-party vote against Thomas Playford IV and the Liberal and Country League (LCL), the electoral rural overweighting known as the Playmander since 1936 locked them out of power due to 26 rural districts enjoying a 2-to-1 advantage over the 13 Adelaide-based districts. Labor's statewide two-party at the 1965 election remained unchanged at 54.3 percent, which would have been enough for a strong majority government in most of the rest of Australia. However, due to the rural overweighting, Labor scraped into office by just two seats, the only time it won government during t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parliament Of South Australia
The Parliament of South Australia is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of South Australia. It consists of the 47-seat South Australian House of Assembly, House of Assembly (lower house) and the 22-seat South Australian Legislative Council, Legislative Council (upper house). General elections are held every 4 years, with all of the lower house and half of the upper house filled at each election. It follows a Westminster system of parliamentary government with the executive branch required to both sit in parliament and hold the confidence of the House of Assembly. The parliament is based at Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament House on North Terrace, Adelaide, North Terrace in the state capital of Adelaide. Unlike the Parliament of Australia, federal parliament and the parliaments of most other states, the South Australian Constitution does not define the parliament as including either the Monarchy of Australia, monarch or the governor of South Australia as one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1953 South Australian State Election
State elections were held in South Australia on 7 March 1953. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League led by Premiers of South Australia, Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the Australian Labor Party (South Australian Branch), Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition (South Australia), Leader of the Opposition Mick O'Halloran. Background Labor won three seats, metropolitan Electoral district of Norwood, Norwood and Electoral district of Prospect (South Australia), Prospect and rural Electoral district of Victoria, Victoria from the LCL. The LCL won one seat, rural Electoral district of Murray (South Australia), Murray from Labor. Neither major party contested the independent-held seat of Electoral district of Ridley, Ridley. The Labor opposition won 53 percent of the statewide Two-party-preferred vote, two-party vote, but the LCL retained government with the assistance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1944 South Australian State Election
State elections were held in South Australia on 29 April 1944. All 39 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Liberal and Country League government led by Premier of South Australia Thomas Playford IV defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Leader of the Opposition Robert Richards. Background Labor won an additional five seats totaling 16 seats − the highest number of seats won by Labor from the 1933 election through to the 1959 election, an effort not even outdone at the 1953 election where Labor won 53 percent of the statewide two-party vote but the LCL retained government with the assistance of the Playmander − an electoral malapportionment that also saw a clear majority of the statewide two-party vote won by Labor while failing to form government in 1953, 1962 and 1968. The election was the first where the two-party vote had been retrospectively calculated. Unusually a wartime opposition won a clear majority of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerrymander
Gerrymandering, ( , originally ) defined in the contexts of Representative democracy, representative electoral systems, is the political manipulation of Boundary delimitation, electoral district boundaries to advantage a Political party, party, group, or socioeconomic class within the constituency. The manipulation may involve "cracking" (diluting the voting power of the opposing party's supporters across many districts) or "packing" (concentrating the opposing party's voting power in one district to reduce their voting power in other districts). Gerrymandering can also be used to protect incumbents. Wayne Dawkins, a professor at Morgan State University, describes it as politicians picking their voters instead of voters picking their politicians. The term ''gerrymandering'' is a portmanteau of a salamander and Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States at the time of his death, who, as governor of Massachusetts in 1812, signed a bill that created a partisan distri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1975 South Australian State Election
State elections were held in South Australia on 12 July 1975. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election. The incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia Don Dunstan won a third term in government, defeating the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition Bruce Eastick. Background The drop in major party primary votes was due to the socially progressive Liberal Movement (LM) led by Robin Millhouse who achieved 18.3 percent of the primary vote and 2 seats. The party was a breakaway faction of the Liberal and Country League (LCL) which disbanded in 1973, the party which was the predecessor to the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia. Stemming from discontent within the ranks of the LCL, it was first formed by former premier Steele Hall as an internal group in 1972 in response to a lack of social and acceptance of electoral reform within the LCL. A year later, when tensions heightened ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral District Of Frome
Frome is a single-member Electoral districts of South Australia, electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. It is named after Edward Charles Frome, the third surveyor-general of South Australia. The electorate stretches north-eastwards from the Gawler River and Gulf St Vincent in the south, and includes many of the agricultural areas of the Clare Valley, Clare and Gilbert Valleys. It covers a total of and takes in the towns of Auburn, South Australia, Auburn, Clare, South Australia, Clare, Mintaro, South Australia, Mintaro, Port Broughton, South Australia, Port Broughton, Saddleworth, South Australia, Saddleworth, Snowtown, South Australia, Snowtown and Riverton, South Australia, Riverton. Prior to the 2020 redistribution, its main population centre was Port Pirie, since transferred to Electoral district of Stuart, Stuart. Frome has existed in three incarnations throughout the history of the House of Assembly: as a two-seat multi-member marginal electorate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
