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Pilottone
Pilottone (or Pilotone) and the related neo-pilot tone are specialized synchronization signals used in analog audio recording systems. These signals, often associated with double-system recordings, were primarily developed for motion picture production to maintain synchronization between sound and film when recorded on separate media. Before the widespread adoption of timecode in the film industry, pilotone synchronization was the standard method used on nearly all 1/4-inch magnetic double-system sound recordings for motion pictures from the late 1950s through the late 1980s. Prior to the use of 1/4-inch audio tape, sound recordings were made on 35mm optical film and later on 16mm or 35mm magnetic film. The first 1/4-inch recorder capable of recording a sync track to regulate playback speed was developed by Rangertone, which introduced a precursor to the Pilotone system. History According to Carsten Diercks, a camera operator and filmmaker at West-German ''Nordwestdeutscher R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pilot Signal
In telecommunications, a pilot signal is a signal, usually a single frequency, transmitted over a communications system for supervisory, control, equalization, continuity, synchronization, or reference purposes. Uses in different communication systems FM Radio In FM stereo broadcasting, a pilot tone of 19 kHz indicates that there is stereophonic information at 38 kHz (the second harmonic of the pilot tone). The receiver doubles the frequency of the pilot tone and uses it as a frequency and phase reference to demodulate the stereo information. If no 19 kHz pilot tone is present, then any signals in the 23–53 kHz range are ignored by a stereo receiver. A guard band of ±4 kHz (15–23 kHz) protects the pilot tone from interference from the baseband audio signal (50 Hz–15 kHz) and from the lower sideband of the double sideband stereo information (23–53 kHz). The third harmonic of the pilot (57 kHz) is used for Radio Data System. The fourth harmonic (76 kH ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cinéma Vérité
Cinéma vérité (, , ) is a style of documentary filmmaking developed by Edgar Morin and Jean Rouch, inspired by Dziga Vertov's theory about '' Kino-Pravda''. It combines improvisation with use of the camera to unveil truth or highlight subjects hidden behind reality. It is sometimes called observational cinema, if understood as pure direct cinema: mainly without a narrator's voice-over. There are subtle, yet important, differences between terms expressing similar concepts. Direct cinema is largely concerned with the recording of events in which the subject and audience become unaware of the camera's presence: operating within what Bill Nichols, an American historian and theoretician of documentary film, calls the "observational mode", a fly on the wall. Many therefore see a paradox in drawing attention away from the presence of the camera and simultaneously interfering in the reality it registers when attempting to discover a cinematic truth. History Cinéma vérité can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nagra
Nagra is a brand of portable audio recorders produced from 1951 in Switzerland. Beginning in 1997 a range of high-end equipment aimed at the audiophile community was introduced, and Nagra expanded the company's product lines into new markets. Originally a product of the Kudelski Group, Nagra recorders are now developed, produced and sold by independently owned company ''Audio Technology Switzerland S.A.'', based in Romanel-sur-Lausanne. History The machines were initially designed by Polish inventor Stefan Kudelski, and his company won numerous technical awards for their precision and reliability. Nagra means "[it will] record" in Polish language, Polish, Kudelski's native language. Nagra-brand tape recorders were the ''de facto'' standard sound recording systems for motion picture and (non-video) Single camera setup, single-camera television production from the 1960s until the 1990s. Synchronization Originally, a physical sync lead tethered the Nagra recorder to the camera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carsten Diercks
Carsten Diercks (19212 November 2009''Hamburger Abendblatt'', 7 November 2009death notice/ref>) was a German Documentary film, documentary filmmaker. Diercks started his career after World War II at the radio station of the Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk. 1952 he became cinematographer with NWDR TV station. In 1953, he participated in the first tests of pilot tone. During his long occupation for the network, he made some 500 documentaries as cinematographer, director or executive producer. He was the driving representative of the so-called Hamburgian school, which aimed to comply the documentary genre with new requirements of television broadcasting. In 1959, he worked as a consultant for Minister of Information and Broadcasting Indira Gandhi to build up a national TV network in India He was decorated with the Bundesverdienstkreuz. Filmography * 1955: Netz über Bord - Heringsfang auf der Nordsee (1955), Netz über Bord - Heringsfang auf der Nordsee References External links Sho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movietone Sound System
The Movietone sound system is an optical sound, optical sound-on-film method of recording sound for motion pictures, ensuring synchronization between sound and picture. It achieves this by recording the sound as a variable-density optical track on the same strip of film that records the pictures. The initial version of this system was capable of reproducing sounds up to 8500 Hz. Although modern sound films use variable-area tracks instead, modern motion picture theaters (excluding those that have transitioned to digital cinema) can play a Movietone film without modification to the projector (though if the projector's sound unit has been fitted with red LED or laser light sources, the reproduction quality from a variable density track will be significantly impaired). Movietone was one of four motion picture sound systems under development in the U.S. during the 1920s. The others were DeForest's Phonofilm, Warner Brothers' Vitaphone, and RCA Photophone. However, Phonofilm was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Film And Video Technology
A film, also known as a movie or motion picture, is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, emotions, or atmosphere through the use of moving images that are generally, since the 1930s, synchronized with sound and (less commonly) other sensory stimulations. Etymology and alternative terms The name "film" originally referred to the thin layer of photochemical emulsion on the celluloid strip that used to be the actual medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion-picture, including "picture", "picture show", "moving picture", "photoplay", and "flick". The most common term in the United States is "movie", while in Europe, "film" is preferred. Archaic terms include "animated pictures" and "animated photography". "Flick" is, in general a slang term, first recorded in 1926. It originates in the verb flicker, owing to the flickering appearance of early films. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RealMedia
RealMedia is a proprietary multimedia container format (digital), container format created by RealNetworks with the filename extension . RealMedia is used in conjunction with RealVideo and RealAudio, while also being used for Streaming media, streaming content over the Internet. Typically these streams are in CBR (constant bitrate), but a container for VBR (variable bitrate) streams named RMVB (RealMedia variable bitrate) has been developed. Overview A RealMedia file consists of a series of chunks that can be of several different types: * ''.RMF'': RealMedia file header * ''PROP'': File properties header * ''MDPR'': Media properties header * ''CONT'': Content description header * ''DATA'': Data header * ''INDX'': Index header Supported audio formats * RealAudio 1.0 (VSELP), * RealAudio 2.0 (LD-CELP), 28_8 * Dolby AC-3, AC3, * Sipro, * cook Codec, cook, cook * ATRAC, ATRAC3, * RealAudio Lossless Format, * LC-AAC, * HE-AAC, Supported video formats * ClearVideo (fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Direct Cinema
Direct cinema is a documentary genre that originated between 1958 and 1962—principally in Quebec and the United States—and was developed in France by Jean Rouch. It is a cinematic practice employing lightweight portable filming equipment, hand-held cameras and live, synchronous sound that became available because of new, ground-breaking technologies developed in the early 1960s. These innovations made it possible for independent filmmakers to do away with a truckload of optical sound-recording, large crews, studio sets, tripod-mounted equipment and special lights, expensive necessities that severely hog-tied these low-budget documentarians. It has drawn comparisons with related ideas from other national cinemas and documentary movements like the French cinéma vérité genre and the contemporaneous British free cinema movement. As in cinéma vérité, direct cinema was initially characterized by filmmakers' desire to capture reality directly, to represent it truthfully, and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quentin Tarantino
Quentin Jerome Tarantino (; born March 27, 1963) is an American filmmaker, actor, and author. Quentin Tarantino filmography, His films are characterized by graphic violence, extended dialogue often featuring much profanity, and references to popular culture. His work has earned a cult following alongside critical and commercial success; he has been named by some as the most influential director of his generation and has received List of awards and nominations received by Quentin Tarantino, numerous awards and nominations, including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards. His films have grossed more than $1.9 billion worldwide. Tarantino began his career with the independent film, independent crime film ''Reservoir Dogs'' (1992). His second film, the crime comedy-drama ''Pulp Fiction'' (1994), was a major success and won numerous awards, including the Cannes Film Festival's and the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. He next wrote and starr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adobe Premiere Pro
Adobe Premiere Pro is a video editing application developed by Adobe Inc. and is distributed as part of the Adobe Creative Cloud suite. It is primarily used for producing high-quality videos across various industries. History Original Adobe Premiere In 1991, the first version of Adobe Premiere was developed by Adobe Inc''.'' Premiere was one of the first computer-based non-linear editing systems, with the first version being released on Apple Mac in 1991 and for Microsoft Windows in September 1993. The final version, version 6.5, was released in August 2002 for both Windows and Mac. The software originated at SuperMac Technology under the name Reel Time, a QuickTime-based video editor developed for the company’s Video Spigot capture card. In August 1991, Adobe Systems acquired the project and rebranded it as Adobe Premiere. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DaVinci Resolve
DaVinci Resolve is a proprietary color grading, color correction, visual effects, and audio post-production video editing application for macOS, Windows, and Linux, developed by Australian company Blackmagic Design. It was originally developed by American company Da Vinci Systems under the name da Vinci Resolve until 2009, when Blackmagic Design acquired the company. In addition to the commercial version of the software (known as DaVinci Resolve Studio), Blackmagic Design also distributes a free edition with reduced functionality, simply named DaVinci Resolve (formerly DaVinci Resolve Lite). Development Original da Vinci Systems development (2003–2009) The initial versions of DaVinci Resolve (known then as da Vinci Resolve) were resolution-independent software tools developed by da Vinci Systems (based in Coral Springs, Florida), who had previously produced other color correction systems such as da Vinci Classic (1985), da Vinci Renaissance (1990), and da Vinci 2K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMPTE Timecode
SMPTE timecode ( or ) is a set of cooperating standards to label individual frames of video or film with a timecode. The system is defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers in the SMPTE 12M specification. SMPTE revised the standard in 2008, turning it into a two-part document: SMPTE 12M-1 and SMPTE 12M-2, including new explanations and clarifications. Timecodes are added to film, video or audio material, and have also been adapted to synchronize music and theatrical production. They provide a time reference for editing, synchronization and identification. Timecode is a form of media metadata. The invention of timecode made modern videotape editing possible and led eventually to the creation of non-linear editing systems. Basic concepts SMPTE timecode is presented in ''hour:minute:second:frame'' format and is typically represented in 32 bits using binary-coded decimal. There are also ''drop-frame'' and ''color framing'' flags and three extra ''bin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
