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Phytosaur
Phytosaurs (Φυτόσαυροι in Greek, meaning 'plant lizard') are an extinct group of large, mostly semiaquatic Late Triassic archosauriform or basal archosaurian reptiles. Phytosaurs belong to the order Phytosauria and are sometimes referred to as parasuchians. Phytosauria, Parasuchia, Parasuchidae, and Phytosauridae have often been considered equivalent groupings containing the same species. Some recent studies have offered a more nuanced approach, defining Parasuchidae and Phytosauridae as nested clades within Phytosauria as a whole. The clade Phytosauria was defined by Paul Sereno in 2005 as '' Rutiodon carolinensis'' and all taxa more closely related to it than to '' Aetosaurus ferratus'', '' Rauisuchus tiradentes'', '' Prestosuchus chiniquensis'', '' Ornithosuchus woodwardi'', or '' Crocodylus niloticus'' (the Nile crocodile). Phytosaurs were long-snouted and heavily armoured, bearing a remarkable resemblance to modern crocodilians in size, appearance, and lifesty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Redondasaurus
''Redondasaurus'' is an extinct genus or subgenus of phytosaur from the Late Triassic (late Norian or Rhaetian) of the southwestern United States. It was named by Hunt & Lucas in 1993, and contains two species, ''R. gregorii'' and ''R. bermani''. It is the youngest and most evolutionarily-advanced of the phytosaurs. Specimens Original specimens (1939-1992) Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, OMNH 1250, the first ''Redondasaurus'' specimen to be discovered, was a slender skull found in 1939 by D.E. Savage. Savage discovered the skull in the Travesser Formation of New Mexico, and originally referred it to the genus ''Machaeroprosopus''. In 1947, another phytosaur skull (Yale Peabody Museum, YPM 3294) was discovered by Edwin H. Colbert, E.H. Colbert and J.T. Gregory in the Redonda Formation of New Mexico. Colbert & Gregory (1947) were the first to recognize that both skulls may represent a new taxon. In addition, they proposed that the skulls represented the most derived phytosaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytosauridae
Parasuchidae is a clade of phytosaurs more derived than '' Diandongosuchus'', a basal phytosaur. This family was phylogenetically defined by Christian Kammerer and colleagues in 2015 as the last common ancestor and all descendants of '' Wannia scurriensis'', '' Parasuchus hislopi'', and '' Mystriosuchus planirostris''. It encompasses nearly all phytosaurs, including early ''Parasuchus''-grade forms as well as a more restricted clade of more specialized phytosaurs. This more restricted clade is traditionally known as the family Phytosauridae and more recently as the subfamily Mystriosuchinae, defined by Kammerer ''et al.'' 2015 as the last common ancestor and all descendants of '' Mystriosuchus planirostris'' and ''Angistorhinus grandis''. Parasuchids have been recovered from Late Triassic deposits in Europe, North America, India, Morocco, Thailand, Brazil, Greenland and Madagascar. In their osteology of ''Parasuchus ''Parasuchus'' is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur known ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archosaur
Archosauria () or archosaurs () is a clade of diapsid sauropsid tetrapods, with birds and crocodilians being the only extant taxon, extant representatives. Although broadly classified as reptiles, which traditionally exclude birds, the cladistics, cladistic sense of the term includes all living and extinct relatives of birds and crocodilians such as non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, phytosaurs, aetosaurs and rauisuchians as well as many marine reptile#Extinct groups, Mesozoic marine reptiles. Modern paleontologists define Archosauria as a crown group that includes the most recent common ancestor of living birds and crocodilians, and all of its descendants. The base of Archosauria splits into two clades: Pseudosuchia, which includes crocodilians and their extinct relatives; and Avemetatarsalia, which includes birds and their extinct relatives (such as non-avian dinosaurs and pterosaurs). Older definitions of the group Archosauria rely on shared morphology (biology), morphological ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phytosaurus
''Phytosaurus'' (meaning "plant lizard") is a dubious genus of extinct parasuchid phytosaur found in an outcrop of the Keuper (likely the Exter Formation) in Germany. ''Phytosaurus'' was the first phytosaur to be described, being done so by Georg Friedrich von Jaeger in 1828.G. F. Jaeger. (1828). Über die Fossile Reptilien, Welche in Württemberg Aufgefunden Sind n the Fossil Reptiles That Are Found in Württemberg ''Verlag der Metzler'schen Buchhandlung, Stuttgart'' 1-48 The type species is ''P. cylindricodon'' and a second species, ''P. cubicodon'', is also known. Discovery and naming In 1826, the holotypes of both species were discovered in Wurttemburg, Germany at the "Neckar" site at the base of the hill which Wildenau Castle stands upon. The holotype of ''P. cylindricodon'' consists of parts of the skull and jaws, with natural casts of the teeth which, however, did not preserve their conical form but were flattened which led to the misunderstanding they were spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diandongosuchus
''Diandongosuchus'' is an extinct genus of archosauriform reptile, possibly a member of the Phytosauria, known from the Middle Triassic of China. The type species ''Diandongosuchus fuyuanensis'' was named in 2012 from the Zhuganpo Formation of Yunnan Province. It is a marine species that shows similarities with another Chinese Triassic species called '' Qianosuchus mixtus'', although it has fewer adaptations toward marine life. It was originally classified as the basal-most member of the pseudosuchian clade Poposauroidea. However, a subsequent study conducted by Stocker ''et al.'' (2016, 2017) indicated it to be the basalmost known phytosaur instead. Description ''Diandongosuchus'' is known from a nearly complete articulated skeleton ( ZMNH M8770) missing most of the tail. The total length of ZMNH M8770 is and the estimated body length of the animal in life is around . The specimen is preserved on its right side, with the underside of the lower jaws and the trunk showing. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francosuchus
''Francosuchus'' is a dubious genus of probably basal phytosaur known from the Late Triassic (late Carnian stage) of Bavaria, southern Germany. It was named by Oskar Kuhn in 1933 and the type species is ''Francosuchus broilii''. In the same article Kuhn also named a second species ''Francosuchus latus''. Both species were known solely from their holotypes, two partial skulls that were housed at the Bavarian State Collection for Palaeontogy and Geology. Both specimens were collected at Ebrach Quarry, bed number 13 from the late Carnian-aged Blasensandstein Member of the Hassberge Formation.Kuhn, O. (1933). Labyrinthodonten und Parasuchier aus dem mittleren Keuper von Ebrach in Oberfranken. ''Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie, und Paläontologie, Beilage-Band, Abteilung B'', 69:94-144. As the holotypes were destroyed during World War II and poorly documented, ''Francosuchus'' and its species are usually considered to be nomina dubia. Kuhn (1936) described and named a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesorhinosuchus
''Mesorhinosuchus'' ("middle nose crocodile") is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur possibly known from the Early Triassic (early Olenekian stage) of Saxony-Anhalt, central-eastern Germany. It was first named by Otto Jaekel in 1910 and the type species is ''Mesorhinus fraasi''.Jaekel, O. (1910). Ueber einen neuen Belodonten aus dem Buntsandstein von Bernburg. ''Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin'', 5:197-229. The generic name ''Mesorhinus'' was preoccupied by '' Mesorhinus piramydatus'', a macraucheniid mammal, which is now considered to be a junior synonym of '' Oxyodontherium''. Thus, an alternative generic name, ''Mesorhinosuchus'', was proposed by Oskar Kuhn in 1961.Kuhn, O. (1961). Die Familien der rezenten und fossilen Amphibien und Reptilien. ''Verlaghus Meisenbach KG, Bamberg'', 1-79. The genus is occasionally misspelled as ''Mesorhinosaurus'', while Stocker and Butler's study in 2013 misspelled its original generic name as '' Mesos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centemodon
''Centemodon'' (meaning "point tooth") is an extinct genus of basal phytosaur from the Late Triassic Period. It lived in what is now Pennsylvania, United States. It is classified as a ''nomen dubium''. It was found in the Red Sandstone Formation near the Schuyklill River. at Paleofile.org ''Centemodon'' may have been related to '' Suchoprion''. It was a small phytosaur, weighing no more than when fully grown. Discovery and naming Sometime before the Bone Wars, a |
Archosauriform
Archosauriformes (Greek for 'ruling lizards', and Latin for 'form') is a clade of diapsid reptiles encompassing archosaurs and some of their close relatives. It was defined by Jacques Gauthier (1994) as the clade stemming from the last common ancestor of Proterosuchidae and Archosauria. Phil Senter (2005) defined it as the most exclusive clade containing '' Proterosuchus'' and Archosauria. Gauthier as part of the ''Phylonyms'' (2020) defined the clade as the last common ancestor of '' Gallus'', ''Alligator'', and '' Proterosuchus'', and all its descendants. Archosauriforms are a branch of archosauromorphs which originated in the Late Permian (roughly 252 million years ago) and persist to the present day as the two surviving archosaur groups: crocodilians and birds. Archosauriforms present several traits historically ascribed to the group Archosauria. These include serrated teeth set in deep sockets, a more active metabolism, and an antorbital fenestra (a hole in the skull in fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final epoch (geology), epoch of the Triassic geologic time scale, Period in the geologic time scale, spanning the time between annum, Ma and Ma (million years ago). It is preceded by the Middle Triassic Epoch and followed by the Early Jurassic Epoch. The corresponding series (stratigraphy), series of rock beds is known as the Upper Triassic. The Late Triassic is divided into the Carnian, Norian and Rhaetian Geologic time scale, ages. Many of the first dinosaurs evolved during the Late Triassic, including ''Plateosaurus'', ''Coelophysis'', ''Herrerasaurus'', and ''Eoraptor''. The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event began during this epoch and is one of the five major mass extinction events of the Earth. Etymology The Triassic was named in 1834 by Friedrich August von Namoh, Friedrich von Alberti, after a succession of three distinct rock layers (Greek meaning 'triad') that are widespread in southern Germany: the lower Buntsandstein (colourful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Termatosaurus
''Termatosaurus'' ("End Lizard", due to its appearance in the End Triassic) is a potentially dubious genus of archosaur known from several tooth specimens. Its remains come from the Upper Triassic of France, England, Germany and Switzerland. ''Termatosaurus'' was once thought to have survived until the Early Jurassic, but the attributed Jurassic remains were redescribed as plesiosaur material. Two species are known of this animal: the type species, ''T. albertii'', named by Meyer and T. Plieninger in 1844, and ''T. crocodilinus'', by Quenstedt (1858). According to Oskar Kuhn, ''Termatosaurus'' is a plesiosaur (of the Rhomaleosauridae), while according to other sources, it is a phytosaur.H. v. Meyer. (1845). System der fossilen Saurier axonomy of fossil saurians ''Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde'' 1845:278-285 Gallery File:Termatosaurus albertii.JPG, Tooth A tooth (: teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
