|
Phreaking Boxes
A phreaking box is a device used by Phreaking, phone phreaks to perform various functions normally reserved for operators and other telephone company employees. Most phreaking boxes are named after colors, due to folklore surrounding the earliest boxes which suggested that the first ones of each kind were housed in a box or casing of that color. However, very few physical specimens of phreaking boxes are actually the color for which they are named. Most phreaking boxes are electronic devices which interface directly with a telephone line and manipulate the line or the greater system in some way through either by generating audible tones that invoke switching functions (for example, a Blue box (phreaking), blue box), or by manipulating the electrical characteristics of the line to disrupt normal line function (for example, a Black box (phreaking), black box). However a few boxes can use mechanical or acoustic methods - for example, it is possible to use a pair of properly tuned wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phreaking
Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a culture of people who study, experiment with, or explore telecommunication systems, such as equipment and systems connected to public telephone networks. The term ''phreak'' is a sensational spelling of the word '' freak'' with the ''ph-'' from '' phone'', and may also refer to the use of various audio frequencies to manipulate a phone system. ''Phreak'', ''phreaker'', or ''phone phreak'' are names used for and by individuals who participate in phreaking. The term first referred to groups who had reverse engineered the system of tones used to route long-distance calls. By re-creating the signaling tones, phreaks could switch calls from the phone handset while avoiding long-distance calling charges which were common then. These fees could be significant, depending on the time, duration and destination of the call. To ease the creation of the routing tones, electronic tone generators known as blue boxes became a stap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amiga 500
The Amiga 500, also known as the A500, was the first popular version of the Amiga home computer, "redefining the home computer market and making so-called luxury features such as multitasking and colour a standard long before Microsoft or Apple sold these to the masses." It contains the same Motorola 68000 as the Amiga 1000, as well as the same graphics and sound coprocessors, but is in a smaller case similar to that of the Commodore 128. Commodore International, Commodore announced the Amiga 500 at the January 1987 winter Consumer Electronics Showat the same time as the high-end Amiga 2000. It was initially available in the Netherlands in April 1987, then the rest of Europe in May. In North America and the UK it was released in October 1987 with a list price. It competed directly against models in the Atari ST line. The Amiga 500 was sold in the same retail outlets as the Commodore 64, as opposed to the computer store-only Amiga 1000. It proved to be Commodore's best-selling m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pearl Box
A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carbonate (mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite) in minute crystalline form, which has deposited in concentric layers. More commercially valuable pearls are perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes, known as baroque pearls, can occur. The finest quality of natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries. Because of this, ''pearl'' has become a metaphor for something rare, fine, admirable, and valuable. The most valuable pearls occur spontaneously in the wild but are extremely rare. These wild pearls are referred to as ''natural'' pearls. ''Cultured'' or ''farmed'' pearls from pearl oysters and freshwater mussels make up the majority of those currently sold. Imitation pearls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orange Box
An orange box is a piece of hardware or software that generates caller ID frequency-shift keying (FSK) signals to spoof caller ID information on the target's caller ID terminal. Phreakers typically use them and other phreaking boxes to perform their attacks. See also * Blue box A blue box is an Electronics, electronic device that produces tones used to generate the in-band signaling tones formerly used within the North American long-distance telephone network to send line status and called number information over voi ... * Mult box References Caller ID Phreaking boxes {{Telephony-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magenta Box
Ringing is a telecommunication signal that causes a telephone to emit a noise (or other signal), indicating an incoming call. Historically, this entailed sending a high-voltage alternating current over the line to a customer’s telephone, which contained an electromagnetic bell. It is thus referred to as ''power ringing'' when distinguishing it from another signal, audible or tone ringing, which is sent to the caller’s handset to indicate that the recipient’s phone is in fact ringing. Specifications In landline telephones, bells or ringtones are rung by impressing a 60 to 105-volt RMS 15 to 25 Hertz sine wave (depending on manufacturer and telecoms administration) across the conductor pair of the subscriber line, typically represented by tip and ring, in series with the (typically) −48 VDC loop supply. This signal is produced by a ringing generator at the central office. When the switching system directs a call to a particular subscriber line, a relay on the line card ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vermilion Box
A vermilion box is a (hypothetical) portable telephone line emulator used for phreaking, whose function is to Caller ID spoofing, spoof all of the aspects of an incoming Telephone call, phone call—Direct current, DC Voltage, line voltage, an Alternating current, AC Ringing (telephony), ringing signal and caller ID—while the line is disconnected from the public switched telephone network (PSTN), as well as allow the user to communicate with the recipient if the call is answered. Its use requires a physical connection to the circuit somewhere between the target premises and the Telephone exchange, exchange (in either the local loop or the access network), but when properly applied, results in a stealth-intensive incoming call that appears completely genuine but which cannot be electronically traced. Typically, the user physically disconnects the target line from the network or causes an outage in the system, connects the vermilion box, and then initiates the illicit call. Compone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frequency-shift Keying
Frequency-shift keying (FSK) is a frequency modulation scheme in which digital information is encoded on a carrier signal by periodically shifting the frequency of the carrier between several discrete frequencies. The technology is used for communication systems such as telemetry, weather balloon radiosondes, caller ID, garage door openers, and low frequency radio transmission in the VLF and ELF bands. The simplest FSK is binary FSK (BFSK, which is also commonly referred to as 2FSK or 2-FSK), in which the carrier is shifted between two discrete frequencies to transmit binary (0s and 1s) information. Modulating and demodulating Reference implementations of FSK modems exist and are documented in detail. The demodulation of a binary FSK signal can be done using the Goertzel algorithm very efficiently, even on low-power microcontrollers. Variations Multiple frequency-shift keying Continuous-phase frequency-shift keying In principle FSK can be implemented by usin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caller ID
Caller identification (Caller ID) is a telephone service, available in analog and digital telephone systems, including voice over IP (VoIP), that transmits a caller's telephone number to the called party's telephone equipment when the call is being set up. The caller ID service may include the transmission of a name associated with the calling telephone number, in a service called Calling Name Presentation (CNAM). The service was first defined in 1993 in International Telecommunication UnionTelecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendation Q.731.3. The information received from the service is displayed on a telephone display screen, on a separately attached device, or on other displays, such as cable television sets when telephone and television service is provided by the same vendor. Value to society includes allowing suicide-prevention hotlines to quickly identify a caller, and enabling businesses (for an example, restaurants and florists) to quickly have co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orange Box
An orange box is a piece of hardware or software that generates caller ID frequency-shift keying (FSK) signals to spoof caller ID information on the target's caller ID terminal. Phreakers typically use them and other phreaking boxes to perform their attacks. See also * Blue box A blue box is an Electronics, electronic device that produces tones used to generate the in-band signaling tones formerly used within the North American long-distance telephone network to send line status and called number information over voi ... * Mult box References Caller ID Phreaking boxes {{Telephony-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magenta Box
Ringing is a telecommunication signal that causes a telephone to emit a noise (or other signal), indicating an incoming call. Historically, this entailed sending a high-voltage alternating current over the line to a customer’s telephone, which contained an electromagnetic bell. It is thus referred to as ''power ringing'' when distinguishing it from another signal, audible or tone ringing, which is sent to the caller’s handset to indicate that the recipient’s phone is in fact ringing. Specifications In landline telephones, bells or ringtones are rung by impressing a 60 to 105-volt RMS 15 to 25 Hertz sine wave (depending on manufacturer and telecoms administration) across the conductor pair of the subscriber line, typically represented by tip and ring, in series with the (typically) −48 VDC loop supply. This signal is produced by a ringing generator at the central office. When the switching system directs a call to a particular subscriber line, a relay on the line card ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autovon
The Automatic Voice Network (AUTOVON, military designation 490-L) was a worldwide American military telephone system. The system was built starting in 1963, based on the Army's existing Switch Communications Automated Network (SCAN) system. In June 1966, the Air Defense Command voice network was cut over to the new service. In 1969, AUTOVON switching centers opened in the United Kingdom, and later in other European countries, Asia, the Middle East, and Panama. It was a major part of the Defense Communications System (DCS), providing non-secure switched voice services. The system was replaced in the early 1990s by the Defense Switched Network. Circuits AUTOVON used a combination of its own constructed circuits and other lines operated by AT&T Corporation and smaller independent telephone companies, connected by high-speed switching centers produced by Automatic Electric Company to exchanges located far from other civilian or military targets. In the US the cables were predomi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Box
A silver box is a modified DTMF keypad that adds four additional keys. This gives four columns of four keys each (16 total) instead of three columns (in the standard 12-pushbutton handset). In the now-obsolete Autovon phone system these keys, used to set priority of a military call, were the red buttons in the photo on the right. Autovon included four precedence levels: Routine (no special tone), Priority (D), Immediate (C) and Flash (B) with Flash Override (A) as a capability. Each had the ability to interrupt lower-priority calls in progress if all trunks were busy. Each was activated using a button in an additional column of the keypad: * A (697+1633 Hz): Flash Override (FO) * B (770+1633 Hz): Flash (F) * C (852+1633 Hz): Immediate (I) * D (941+1633 Hz): Priority (P) Autovon was replaced in the early 1990s by the Defense Switched Network; much of its infrastructure is now dismantled. Amateur radio equipment continues to be manufactured with 16-key D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
