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Partial Veil
In mycology, a partial veil (also called an inner veil, to differentiate it from the "outer", or universal veil) is a temporary structure of tissue found on the fruiting bodies of some Basidiomycota, basidiomycete fungus, fungi, typically agarics. Its role is to isolate and protect the developing Hymenium, spore-producing surface, represented by lamella (mycology), gills or tubes, found on the lower surface of the Pileus (mycology), cap. A partial veil, in contrast to a universal veil, extends from the stipe (mycology), stem surface to the pileus (mycology), cap edge. The partial veil later disintegrates, once the fruiting body has matured and the spores are ready for dispersal. It might then give rise to a annulus (mycology), stem ring, or fragments attached to the stem or cap edge. In some mushrooms, both a partial veil and a universal veil may be present. Structure In the immature basidiocarp, fruit bodies of some basidiomycete fungi, the partial veil extends from the stem surf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricus
''Agaricus'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi containing both edible and poisonous species, with over 400 members worldwide and possibly again as many disputed or newly discovered species. The genus includes the common ("button") mushroom ('' A. bisporus'') and the field mushroom ('' A. campestris''), the dominant cultivated mushrooms of the West. Taxonomy Several origins of genus name ''Agaricus'' have been proposed. It possibly originates from ancient Sarmatia Europaea, where people Agari, promontory Agarum and a river Agarus were known (all located on the northern shore of Sea of Azov, probably, near modern Berdiansk in Ukraine). Note also Greek , agarikón, "a sort of tree fungus" (There has been an ''Agaricon'' Adans. genus, treated by Donk in ''Persoonia'' 1:180.) For many years, members of the genus ''Agaricus'' were given the generic name ''Psalliota'', and this can still be seen in older books on mushrooms. All proposals to conserve ''Agaricus' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortinarius Claricolor
''Cortinarius'' is a globally distributed genus of fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. Its members are commonly known by the names cortinar and webcap. It is suspected to be the largest genus of agarics, containing over 2,000 widespread species. Young specimens have a cortina (veil) between the cap and the stem, hence the name. Most of the fibres of the cortina are ephemeral and leave no more than limited remnants on the stem or cap edge. All species have a rusty brown spore print. Several species (such as '' C. orellanus'') are highly toxic and many species are difficult to distinguish, making their consumption inadvisable. Taxonomy Molecular studies of members of the genus ''Rozites'', including its most famous member ''R. caperata'', have shown them nested within ''Cortinarius'' and have been sunk into this genus. This genus was erected on the basis of a double veil, yet its members do not form a discrete lineage and lie nested within ''Cortinarius''. Hence the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricus Augustus
''Agaricus augustus'', known commonly as the prince, is a basidiomycete fungus of the genus ''Agaricus''. It is generally edible, but bioaccumulates the metal cadmium. Taxonomy According to Heinemann's (1978) popular division of ''Agaricus'', ''A. augustus'' belongs to section ''Arvenses''. The system proposed by Wasser (2002) classifies ''A. augustus'' within subgenus ''Flavoagaricus'', section ''Majores'', subsection ''Flavescentes''. Moreover, there have been attempts to recognise distinct varieties, namely ''A. augustus'' var. ''augustus'' Fr., and ''A. augustus'' var. ''perrarus'' (Schulzer) Bon & Cappelli. The specific epithet ''augustus'' is a Latin adjective meaning noble. Description ''Agaricus augustus'' forms large and distinctive agarics. The cap shape is hemispherical during the so-called button stage, and then expands, becoming convex and finally flat, with a diameter from . The cap cuticle is dry, and densely covered with concentrically ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 μm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenium
The hymenium is the tissue layer on the hymenophore of a fungal fruiting body where the cells develop into basidia or asci, which produce spores. In some species all of the cells of the hymenium develop into basidia or asci, while in others some cells develop into sterile cells called cystidia ( basidiomycetes) or paraphyses ( ascomycetes). Cystidia are often important for microscopic identification. The subhymenium consists of the supportive hyphae from which the cells of the hymenium grow, beneath which is the hymenophoral trama, the hyphae that make up the mass of the hymenophore. The position of the hymenium is traditionally the first characteristic used in the classification and identification of mushrooms. Below are some examples of the diverse types which exist among the macroscopic Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. * In agarics, the hymenium is on the vertical faces of the gills. * In boletes and polypores, it is in a spongy mass of downward-pointing tubes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Francis Atkinson
George Francis Atkinson (January 26, 1854 – November 14, 1918) was an American botanist and mycologist.Makers of American Botany, Harry Baker Humphrey, Ronald Press Company, Library of Congress Card Number 61-18435 He was born on January 26, 1854, in Raisinville, Michigan, and died on November 14, 1918. He was the son of Joseph and Josephine Atkinson (née Fish). He studied at Olivet College from 1878 to 1883 and obtained his bachelor's degree from Cornell University in 1885. He is best known for his contributions to the fields of mycology and botany. Career He was an assistant professor of entomology and zoology from 1885 to 1886, and associate professor in 1886 to 1888 at the University of North Carolina. He was a professor of botany and zoology at the University of South Carolina from 1888 to 1889 and a botanist at the Experiment Station of the University. From 1889 to 1892 he taught biology at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama; from 1892 to 1893 he was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armillaria Hinnulea
''Armillaria hinnulea'' is a species of mushroom in the family Physalacriaceae. This rare species is found only in Australia and New Zealand; in Australia, it is a secondary pathogen (i.e., causing disease only after a primary pathogen has damaged the host) of wet sclerophyll forests, and causes a woody root rot. A 2008 phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics () is the study of the evolutionary history of life using observable characteristics of organisms (or genes), which is known as phylogenetic inference. It infers the relationship among organisms based on empirical dat ... study of Australian and New Zealand populations of ''A. hinnulea'' suggests that the species was introduced to New Zealand from Australia on two occasions, once relatively recently and another time much longer ago. See also * List of ''Armillaria'' species References hinnulea Fungi of Australia Fungi native to Australia Fungal tree pathogens and diseases Fungi described in 1983 Taxa nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suillus
''Suillus'' is a genus of basidiomycete fungi in the family Suillaceae and order Boletales. Species in the genus are associated with trees in the pine family (Pinaceae), and are mostly distributed in temperate locations in the Northern Hemisphere, although some species have been introduced to the Southern Hemisphere. Taxonomy The genus ''Suillus'' was first defined by Pier Antonio Micheli in his 1729 work ''Nova plantarum genera'', however it is not valid as it predates the 1753 start of Linnean taxonomy. Fries sanctioned the use by British botanist Samuel Frederick Gray in the first volume of his 1821 work ''A Natural Arrangement of British Plants''. Setting ''Suillus luteus'' as the type species, he described the genus as those mushrooms with a centrally placed stipe, a distinct ring, a circular cap, and tubes that are stuck together. They have been commonly called "slippery jacks" because the cap of the fruit body is sometimes slimy. The genus name is derived from the Lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolete
A bolete is a type of mushroom, or fungal fruiting body. It can be identified thanks to a unique cap. On the underside of the cap there is usually a spongy surface with pores, instead of the gills typical of mushrooms. A similar pore surface is found in polypores, but these species generally have a different physical structure from boletes, and have different microscopic characteristics than boletes. Many polypores have much firmer, often woody, flesh. "Bolete" is the English common name for fungus species with caps that have this appearance. Some, but not all boletes bruise blue. Taxonomy The boletes are classified in the order Boletales. However, not all members of the order Boletales are boletes. The micromorphology and molecular phylogeny of the order Boletales have established that it also contains many gilled, puffball, and other fruit body shapes. Examples of these fungi include '' Chroogomphus'', '' Gomphidius'', ''Phylloporus'', ''Paxillus, Tapinella,'' '' Hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monograph
A monograph is generally a long-form work on one (usually scholarly) subject, or one aspect of a subject, typically created by a single author or artist (or, sometimes, by two or more authors). Traditionally it is in written form and published as a book, but it may be an artwork, audiovisual work, or exhibition made up of visual artworks. In library cataloguing, the word has a specific and broader meaning, while in the United States, the Food and Drug Administration uses the term to mean a set of published standards. Written works Academic works The English term ''monograph'' is derived from modern Latin , which has its root in Greek. In the English word, ''mono-'' means and ''-graph'' means . Unlike a textbook, which surveys the state of knowledge in a field, the main purpose of a monograph is to present primary research and original scholarship. This research is presented at length, distinguishing a monograph from an article. For these reasons, publication of a monograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harry D
Harry may refer to: Television * ''Harry'' (American TV series), 1987 comedy series starring Alan Arkin * ''Harry'' (British TV series), 1993 BBC drama that ran for two seasons * ''Harry'' (New Zealand TV series), 2013 crime drama starring Oscar Kightley * ''Harry'' (talk show), 2016 American daytime talk show hosted by Harry Connick Jr. People and fictional characters *Harry (given name), a list of people and fictional characters with the given name, including **Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex (born 1984) *Harry (surname), a list of people with the surname Other uses *"Harry", the tunnel used in the Stalag Luft III escape ("The Great Escape") of World War II * ''Harry'' (album), a 1969 album by Harry Nilsson *Harry (derogatory term) Harry is a Norwegian derogatory term used in slang, derived from the English name Harry. The best English translation may be "cheesy" or "tacky". '' Norsk ordbok'' defines "harry" as "tasteless, vulgar". The term "harry" was first used by upper ... ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
