|
Pantun
''Pantun'' ( Jawi: ) is a Malayic oral poetic form used to express intricate ideas and emotions. It generally consists of an even number of lines and is based on ABAB rhyming schemes. The shortest consists of two lines, known as the in Malay, while the longest, the , can have 16 lines. is a disjunctive form of poetry that always comes in two parts: the first part is a prefatory statement called or which has no immediate logical or narrative connection with the second or closing statement called or . However, they are always connected by rhyme and other verbal associations, such as puns and repeating sounds. There is also an oblique but necessary relationship, and the first statement often serves as a metaphor for the second. The most popular forms of are the quatrain (four lines) and the couplet (two lines), which both feature prominently in literature and modern popular culture. The earliest literary records of date back to the 15th century Malacca Sultanate, althoug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea, Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the List of countries and dependencies by area, 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 280 million people, Indonesia is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fourth-most-populous country and the most populous Islam by country, Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's List of islands by population, most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia operates as a Presidential system, presidential republic with an elected People's Consultative Assembly, legislature and consists of Provinces of Indonesia, 38 provinces, nine of which have Autonomous administrative divisi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peranakans
The Peranakan Chinese () are an ethnic group defined by their genealogical descent from the first waves of Southern Chinese settlers to maritime Southeast Asia, known as Nanyang (region), Nanyang (), namely the British Empire, British, Portuguese Empire, Portuguese, and Dutch Empire, Dutch colonial ports in the Malay Peninsula and the List of islands of Indonesia, Indonesian Archipelago, as well as Singapore Island, Singapore. The Peranakan Chinese are often simply referred to as the Peranakans. Peranakan culture, especially in the dominant Peranakan centres of Malacca, Singapore, Penang, Phuket, and Tangerang, is characterized by its unique hybridization of ancient Chinese culture with the local cultures of the Nusantara (archipelago), Nusantara region, the result of a centuries-long history of transculturation and interracial marriage. Immigrants from the southern provinces of China arrived in significant numbers in the region between the 14th and 17th centuries, taking abode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Malay Literature
Classical Malay literature, also known as traditional Malay literature, refers to the Malay-language literature from the Malay world, consisting of areas now part of Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia; works from countries such as the Philippines and Sri Lanka have also been included. It shows considerable influences from Indian literature (such as in the tales of ''Ramayana'' and ''Mahabharata'') as well as Arabic and Islamic literature (including tales of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his companions). The term denotes a variety of works, including the ''hikayat'', poetry (in two major forms, the ''syair'' and the ''pantun''), history, and legal works. Selected works *'' Syair Siti Zubaidah Perang Cina'' *''Syair Abdul Muluk'' *''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' *'' Hikayat Amir Hamzah'' *''Sejarah Melayu'' *'' Hikayat Bayan Budiman'' *'' Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai'' *''Hikayat Banjar'' *'' Hikayat Abdullah'' *''Undang-Undang Melaka'' Selected authors * Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir * Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Featuring the Tanjung Piai, southernmost point of continental Eurasia, it is a federation, federal constitutional monarchy consisting of States and federal territories of Malaysia, 13 states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two regions: Peninsular Malaysia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo. Peninsular Malaysia shares land and maritime Malaysia–Thailand border, borders with Thailand, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia; East Malaysia shares land borders with Brunei and Indonesia, and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. Kuala Lumpur is the country's national capital, List of cities and towns in Malaysia by population, largest city, and the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia, legislative branch of the Government of Malaysia, federal government, while Putrajaya is the federal administrative capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kristang People
The Kristang (otherwise known as "Portuguese-Eurasians" or "Malacca Portuguese") are a creole and indigenous ethnic group of people of primarily Portuguese and Malay descent, with substantial Dutch, British, Jewish, Chinese, and Indian ancestry. They are based mostly in Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia, the last being due to significant emigration in the second half of the twentieth century. People of this ethnicity also have, besides Malay and Portuguese, Dutch ancestry due to intermarriages, which is common among the Kristang. In addition, due to persecution by the Portuguese Inquisition in the region, a lot of the Jews of Malacca assimilated into the Kristang community. The creole group arose in Malacca (part of present-day Malaysia) between the 16th and 17th centuries, when the city was a port and base of the Portuguese Empire. Today the Malaysian government classifies them as Portuguese-Eurasians; in Singapore, they are primarily known as Kristang. Today, element ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chitty
The Chitty, also known as the Chetty or Chetti Melaka, are an ethnic group whose members are of primarily Tamil descent, found mainly and initially in Melaka, Malaysia, where they settled around the 16th century, and in Singapore where they migrated to in the 18th and 19th centuries from Melaka. Also known colloquially as "Indian Peranakans", the culture of the Chitty has drawn significant influence from the Nusantara region and to a small extent the Chinese, whilst also retaining their Hindu faith and heritage. In the 21st century, their population stands at 2,000. The Chitty/Chetti community are different from Chettiar, bankers brought from Tamil Nadu to British Malaya. They are practising Hindus. Language Like the Peranakans, the Chitty speak a Malay patois proper to their community, which is mixed with many Tamil loan words. Most of the Chitty are unable to communicate in Tamil. History Historical records stated that the Tamil traders from Panai in Tamil Nadu settled d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Southeast Asia
Maritime Southeast Asia comprises the Southeast Asian countries of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and East Timor. The terms Island Southeast Asia and Insular Southeast Asia are sometimes given the same meaning as Maritime Southeast Asia. Other definitions restrict Island Southeast Asia to just the islands between mainland Southeast Asia and the continental shelf of Australia and New Guinea. There is some variability as to whether Taiwan is included in this. Peter Bellwood includes Taiwan in his definition, as did Robert Blust, whilst there are examples that do not. The 16th-century term " East Indies" and the later 19th-century term " Malay Archipelago" are also used to refer to Maritime Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, the Old Javanese term " Nusantara" is also used as a synonym for Maritime Southeast Asia. The term, however, is nationalistic and has shifting boundaries. It usually only encompasses Peninsular Malaysia, the Sunda Islands, Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Peninsula
The Malay Peninsula is located in Mainland Southeast Asia. The landmass runs approximately north–south, and at its terminus, it is the southernmost point of the Asian continental mainland. The area contains Peninsular Malaysia, Southern Thailand, and the southernmost tip of Myanmar (Kawthaung District, Kawthaung). The island country of Singapore also has historical and cultural ties with the region. The Titiwangsa Mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system and form the backbone of the peninsula and the southernmost section of the central cordillera, which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus, the peninsula's narrowest point, into the Malay Peninsula. The Strait of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra, and the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor. Etymology The Malay term ''Tanah Melayu'' is derived from the word ''Tanah'' (land) and ''Melayu'' (Malays (ethnic group), Malays), thus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kawi Language
Old Javanese or Kawi is an Austronesian language and the oldest attested phase of the Javanese language. It was natively spoken in the central and eastern part of Java Island, what is now Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java Provinces, Indonesia. As a literary language, Kawi was used across Java and on the islands of Madura, Bali, and Lombok. History The oldest example written entirely in Ancient Javanese, called the Sukabumi inscription, is dated 25 March 804 AD. This inscription, located in the district of Kepung in the Kediri Regency of East Java, is a copy of the original, dated some 120 years earlier (only this copy has been preserved). Its contents concern the construction of a dam for an irrigation canal near the river Śrī Hariñjing (now shortened to Srinjing). This inscription is the last of its kind to be written using Pallava script; all consequent examples of Old Javanese are written using Kawi script. Development Old Javanese was not static, and its us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malayisation
Malayisation (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth spelling) or Malayization (North American English, North American and Oxford spelling, Oxford spelling) is a process of Cultural assimilation, assimilation and acculturation, that involves acquisition (, literally "embracing Malayness") or imposition ( or ''Melayuisasi'') of elements of Ethnic Malays, Malay culture, in particular, Islam and the Malay language, as experienced by non-Malay populations of territories fully controlled or partially influenced by historical Malay sultanates and modern :Countries and territories where Malay is an official language, Malay-speaking countries. It is often described as a process of civilisational expansion, drawing a wide range of indigenous peoples into the Muslim, Malay-speaking polities of Maritime Southeast Asia. Examples of Malayisation have occurred throughout Asia including in Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Sri Lanka. Malayisation started to occ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hikayat Hang Tuah
''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' ( Jawi: حکاية هڠ تواه) is a Malay work of literature that tells the tale of the legendary Malay warrior Hang Tuah and his four warrior friends – Hang Jebat, Hang Kasturi, Hang Lekir and Hang Lekiu – who lived during the height of the Sultanate of Malacca in the 15th century. The author is unknown and it has been accepted that it was written and compiled by several different authors from the 17th century to the early 18th century. The writer Kassim Ahmad argued that each writer aimed to adapt the tale to suit the society in which they lived during that specific period of time. ''Hikayat Hang Tuah'' was first published by the Methodist Publishing House, Singapore in 1908 and was listed in UNESCO's Memory of the World Programme International Register in 2001. Story The most memorable chapter in the work concerns a duel between Hang Tuah and his closest friend, Hang Jebat. Hang Tuah was falsely accused of adultery with one of his king's maid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melayu Kingdom
The Melayu Kingdom (also known as Malayu, Dharmasraya Kingdom or the Jambi Kingdom; , reconstructed Middle Chinese pronunciation ''mat-la-yu kwok'')Muljana, Slamet , (2006), ''Sriwijaya'', Yogyakarta: LKIS, . was a classical Buddhist kingdom located in what is now the Indonesian province of West Sumatra and Jambi. The primary sources for much of the information on the kingdom are the '' New History of the Tang'', and the memoirs of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yijing who visited in 671. The state was "absorbed" by Srivijaya by 692, but had "broken away" by the end of the 12th century according to Zhao Rukuo. The exact location of the kingdom is the subject of study among historians. One theory is that the kingdom was established around present-day Jambi on Sumatra, Indonesia, approximately 300 km north of Palembang. According to this theory, it was founded by ethnic groups in the Batanghari river area and gold traders from the Minangkabau hinterland of Pagarruy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
