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Panchromatic
A panchromatic emulsion is a type of photographic emulsion that is sensitive to all wavelengths of visible light, and produces a monochrome photograph—typically black and white. Most modern commercially available film is panchromatic, and the technology is usually contrasted with earlier methods that cannot register all wavelengths, especially orthochromatic film. In digital imaging, a panchromatic sensor is an image sensor or array of sensors that combine the visible spectrum with non-visible wavelengths, such as ultraviolet or infrared. Images produced are also black and white, and the system is used for its ability to produce higher resolution images than standard digital sensors. Description A panchromatic emulsion renders a realistic reproduction of a scene as it appears to the human eye, although with no colors. Almost all modern photographic film is panchromatic. Some older types of film were orthochromatic and were not sensitive to certain wavelengths of light. As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthochromasia
In chemistry, orthochromasia is the property of a dye or stain to not change color on binding to a target, as opposed to ''metachromatic'' stains, which do change color. The word is derived from the Greek '' orthos'' (correct, upright), and chromatic (color). Toluidine blue is an example of a partially orthochromatic dye, as it stains nucleic acids by its orthochromatic color (blue), but stains mast cell granules in its metachromatic color (red). In spectral terms, orthochromasia refers to maintaining the position of spectral peaks, while metachromasia refers to a shift in wavelength, becoming either shorter or longer. In photography, an orthochromatic light spectrum is one devoid of red light. Orthochromatic photography Orthochromatic photography refers to a photographic emulsion that is sensitive to blue and green light but not red light. This type of emulsion was a significant advancement in early photography, as it allowed for the production of images with more accu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartosat
The Cartosat is a series of Indian optical Earth observation satellites built and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The Cartosat series is a part of the Indian Remote Sensing Program. They are used for Earth's resource management, defence services and monitoring. History The Department of Space (DoS) had launched and managed the IRS series of remote sensing satellites for Earth's resource management and monitoring. These satellites were very successful in providing data in various scales ranging from 1:1 Million to 1:12,500 scale. Each of the IRS missions ensured data continuity while introducing improvements in the spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions. Considering increased demand for large scale and topographic mapping data, the DoS launched the expanded Cartosat series of remote sensing satellites. The first satellite of the series, Cartosat-1, was launched in 2005. Satellites Cartosat-1 Cartosat-1 was launched by PSLV-C6 on 5 May ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthochromatic Film
In chemistry, orthochromasia is the property of a dye or stain to not change color on binding to a target, as opposed to ''metachromatic'' stains, which do change color. The word is derived from the Greek '' orthos'' (correct, upright), and chromatic (color). Toluidine blue is an example of a partially orthochromatic dye, as it stains nucleic acids by its orthochromatic color (blue), but stains mast cell granules in its metachromatic color (red). In spectral terms, orthochromasia refers to maintaining the position of spectral peaks, while metachromasia refers to a shift in wavelength, becoming either shorter or longer. In photography, an orthochromatic light spectrum is one devoid of red light. Orthochromatic photography Orthochromatic photography refers to a photographic emulsion that is sensitive to blue and green light but not red light. This type of emulsion was a significant advancement in early photography, as it allowed for the production of images with more accu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IKONOS
IKONOS was a commercial Earth observation satellite, and was the first to collect publicly available high-resolution imagery at 1- and 4-meter resolution. It collected multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) imagery. The capability to observe Earth via space-based telescope has been called "one of the most significant developments in the history of the space age", and IKONOS brought imagery rivaling that of military spy satellites to the commercial market. IKONOS imagery began being sold on 1 January 2000, and the spacecraft was retired in 2015. History IKONOS originated under the Lockheed Corporation as the Commercial Remote Sensing System (CRSS) satellite. In April 1994 Lockheed was granted one of the first licenses from the U.S. Department of Commerce for commercial satellite high-resolution imagery. On 25 October 1995 partner company Space Imaging received a license from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to transmit telemetry from the satellite in the eight-gigah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Headless Horseman (1922 Film)
''The Headless Horseman'' is a 1922 American silent film adaptation of Washington Irving's 1820 short story " The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" directed by Edward D. Venturini. It stars Will Rogers, Lois Meredith (in her last major on-screen appearance) and Ben Hendricks Jr. It was the first panchromatic black-and-white feature film. There were three silent film adaptations of the story, but this 1922 version is the longest of the three, as well as the only one that survives today. Film critic Christopher Workman states: "The obvious day-for-night shooting foreshadows the work of Edward D. Wood Jr. he filmis a motion picture that wavers between irritating and flat-out dull." He says the Headless Horseman only appears in two all-too-brief sequences in the film, once at the beginning and again in the finale. Plot The village of Sleepy Hollow, New York is getting ready to greet the new schoolteacher, Ichabod Crane, who is coming from New York. Crane has already heard of the village ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prizma
The Prizma Color system was a color motion picture process, invented in 1913 by William Van Doren Kelley and Charles Raleigh. Initially, it was a two-color additive color system, similar to its predecessor, Kinemacolor. However, Kelley eventually transformed Prizma into a bi-pack color system that itself became the predecessor for future color processes such as Multicolor and Cinecolor. Experimental Prizma gave a demonstration of color motion pictures in 1917 that used an additive four-color process, using a disk of four filters acting on a single strip of panchromatic film in the camera. The colors were red, yellow, green, and blue, with overlapping wavelengths to prevent pulsating effects on the screen with vivid colors. The film was photographed at 26 to 32 frames per second, and projected at 32 frame/s. The disk used in projection consisted mainly of two colors, red-orange and blue-green, adapted to the four-color process by the superimposition of two small magenta filters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick Wratten
Frederick Charles Luther Wratten (1840, England – 8 April 1926,Macmillan Biographical Encyclopedia of Photographic Artists & Innovators. By Turner Browne and Elaine Partnow. London: Collier Macmillan Publishers, . (MacBEP) London) was an English inventor. Wratten started his career as a school teacher and organist, and moved to London in 1861 to become a clerk at Joseph Solomon's Photographic & Optical Warehouse. His work at the warehouse stimulated his interest in photography, and while there he learned how to use gelatin in a sensitized emulsion and began experimenting on his own. In 1876, Wratten developed the use of alcohol in drying gelatin emulsion and removing unwanted silver nitrate. This process was described in the '' British Journal of Photography'' of 1877 and 1878. During the course of his experiments, Wratten formed a partnership with Henry Wainwright (1877~) for the manufacturing and sale of photographic supplies. ''Wratten & Wainwright'' were the first firm i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenneth Mees
Charles Edward Kenneth Mees FRS (26 May 1882 – 15 August 1960) was a British scientist and photographic researcher. Early life and education Mees was born in Wellingborough, England, the son of a Wesleyan minister. He attended the University of London. In 1906 he was awarded his D.Sc. with a dissertation on photographic theory. Career From 1906 until 1912, Mees worked for Wratten and Wainwright, Ltd., assisting Frederick Wratten in developing the first panchromatic photographic plates, as well as light filters and safelights for the darkroom. In 1912, Eastman Kodak Company acquired Wratten and Wainwright because they were interested in the skills Mees provided. George Eastman convinced Mees to move to Rochester, New York, United States, where Mees created the Kodak Research Laboratories, becoming its first director. Mees helped the US military in World War I in its instruction of photography. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Mees became an American citizen so tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanine
Cyanines, also referred to as tetramethylindo(di)-carbocyanines are a synthetic dye family belonging to the polymethine group. Although the name derives etymologically from terms for shades of blue, the cyanine family covers the electromagnetic spectrum from infrared, near IR to ultraviolet, UV. Chemically, cyanines are a Conjugated system, conjugated system between two nitrogen atoms; in each resonance structure, exactly one nitrogen atom is oxidized to an iminium. Typically, they form part of a nitrogenous heterocycle, heterocyclic system. The main application for cyanine dyes is in Fluorescence microscopy, biological labeling. Nevertheless, there is a wide literature on both their synthesis and uses, and cyanines are common in some CD and DVD media. Structure Cyanines have been classified in many ways: * ''Streptocyanines'' or ''open chain cyanines'': : R2N+=CH[CH=CH]''n''-NR2 (I) * ''Hemicyanines'': : Aryl=N+=CH[CH=CH]''n''-NR2 (II) * ''Closed chain cyanines'': :Ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monochrome Photograph
Monochrome photography is photography where each position on an image can record and show a different ''amount'' of light ( value), but not a different color (hue). The majority of monochrome photographs produced today are black-and-white, either from a gelatin silver process, or as digital photography. Other hues besides grey can be used to create monochrome photography, but brown and sepia tones are the result of older processes like the albumen print, and cyan tones are the product of cyanotype prints. As monochrome photography provides an inherently less accurate reproduction than color photography, it is mostly used for artistic purposes and certain technical imaging applications. Description Although methods for photographing in color emerged slowly starting in the 1850s, monochrome imagery dominated photography until the mid–twentieth century. From the start, photographic recording processes such as the daguerreotype, the paper negative and the glass collodion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrome Yellow
Chrome yellow is a bright, warm yellow pigment that has been used in art, fashion, and industry. It is the premier orange pigment for many applications. Production of chrome yellow and related pigments The raw pigment precipitates as a fine solid upon mixing lead(II) salts and a source of chromate. Approximately 90,000 tons of chrome yellow are produced annually as of 2001. Chrome yellow pigments are usually encapsulated by coating with transparent oxides that protect the pigment from environmental factors that would diminish their colorant properties. Related lead sulfochromate pigments are produced by the replacement of some chromate by sulfate, resulting in a mixed lead-chromate-sulfate compositions Pb(CrO4)1-x(SO4)x. This replacement is possible because sulfate and chromate are isostructural. Since sulfate is colorless, sulfochromates with high values of x are less intensely colored than lead chromate. In some cases, chromate is replaced by molybdate. Permanence Chro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
