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Panachage
Panachage (, from French meaning "blend, mixture") is a mixed single vote variant of list proportional representation. In panachage, voters support individual candidates (rather than parties). Voters have multiple votes, which they can split between individual candidates in different party lists. Seats are allocated to each party based on the number of votes for all of its candidates. Seats allocated to a party go to that party's most-popular candidates (assuming a fully open list). The system is used in legislative elections for Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Mauritius and Switzerland; in national elections in Ecuador, El Salvador, and Honduras; and in local elections in a majority of German states, in Czechia, and in French communes with under 1,000 inhabitants. Fictitious example The North Staulsaw constituency in the Wafonian Republican Parliament elects six members using a fully open list. Three lists, containing twenty-two candidates in total, are vying for its seats. in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open List
Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a Political party, party's candidates are elected. This is as opposed to closed list, in which party lists are in a predetermined, fixed order by the time of the election and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list. An open list system allows voters to select individuals rather than, or in addition to parties. Different systems give the voter different amounts of influence to change the default ranking. The voter's candidate choices are usually called preference vote; the voters are usually allowed one or more preference votes for the open list candidates. Open lists differ from mixed-member proportional representation, also known as "personalized proportional representation" in Germany. Some Mixed electoral system, mixed systems, however, may use open lists in their list-PR compon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open List Proportional Representation
Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. This is as opposed to closed list, in which party lists are in a predetermined, fixed order by the time of the election and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party list. An open list system allows voters to select individuals rather than, or in addition to parties. Different systems give the voter different amounts of influence to change the default ranking. The voter's candidate choices are usually called preference vote; the voters are usually allowed one or more preference votes for the open list candidates. Open lists differ from mixed-member proportional representation, also known as "personalized proportional representation" in Germany. Some mixed systems, however, may use open lists in their list-PR component. Variants Relatively closed A "rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Luxembourg
Elections in Luxembourg are held to determine the political composition of the representative institutions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Luxembourg is a liberal representative democracy, with universal suffrage guaranteed under its constitution. Elections are held regularly, and are considered to be fair and free. Separate elections are held to elect representatives at municipal, national and European levels. The main institution to which members are elected is the Chamber of Deputies, the national legislature and the sole source of membership, confidence and supply of the government. Luxembourg is represented by six MEPs to the European Parliament, who are elected simultaneously with elections held in other European Union member states. The country has a multi-party system, traditionally defined by the existence of three large political parties: the Christian Social People's Party (CSV), the Democratic Party (DP), and the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP). Hist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Mauritius
Since 1967, Mauritius has experienced 13 free and fair democratic general elections to choose a government. The National Assembly (Mauritius), National Assembly has 70 members elected for a five-year term, 62 by plurality in 21 multi-member constituency, constituencies (plurinominal first-past-the-post with panachage) and, a maximum of, 8 additional members nominated by the Best Loser System. The government is formed by the party or group which controls a majority on the unicameral legislature. The president and vice-president are then elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term by the parliament. On a regional level, the country has village and district councils, and municipal elections every 6 years. Mauritius has a multi-party system which is mainly dominated by three parties namely Militant Socialist Movement, Militant Socialist Movement (MSM), the Labour Party (Mauritius), Labour Party and Mauritian Militant Movement, Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM). Out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Single Vote
A mixed single vote (MSV) is a type of ballot in mixed-member electoral systems, where voters cast a single vote in an election, which is used both for electing a local candidate and as a vote for a party affiliated with that candidate according to the rules of the electoral system. Unlike most mixed proportional and mixed majoritarian systems (such as parallel voting) where voters cast two votes, split-ticket voting is not possible under MSV. This significantly reduces the possibility of manipulating compensatory mixed systems,Bochsler, Daniel. "Bending the rules: electoral strategies under mixed electoral systems." ''Representation'' 51.2 (2015): 261-267. at the price of reducing voter choice. An alternative based on the mixed single vote that still allows for indicating different preferences on different levels is the mixed ballot, which functions as a preferential (mixed) single vote. With MSV, voters usually cast their single vote for a local candidate in a single-m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusion Of The Belgian Municipalities
The fusion of the Belgian municipalities (French: ''fusion des communes'', Dutch: ''fusie van Belgische gemeenten'') was a Belgian political process that rationalized and reduced the number of municipalities in Belgium between 1964 and 1983. In 1961, there were 2,663 such municipalities; by 1983, these had been re-arranged and combined into 589 larger municipalities. French and Dutch periods (1796–1830) The annexation by France of the Austrian Netherlands, the principalities of Liège and Stavelot-Malmedy and the Duchy of Bouillon on 4 Brumaire of Year IV of the Revolution (26 October 1795) led to territorial reorganization, with the commune as the basic territorial unit. In 1800, there were 2,741 communes in what is now Belgium.Page 45. However, the French authorities wanted to reduce the number of communes in the Belgian départements, and urged the departmental prefects to take measures to that effect. A total of 127 communes were abolished during this period in the Je ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1962 Argentine Legislative Election
The Argentine legislative elections of 1962 was held on 18 March. Voters chose their legislators and governors; with a turnout of 85.7%. Background Peronism and its political vehicle, the Justicialist Party remained banned from political life, as they had been since 1955. Their exiled leader, Juan Perón had given President Arturo Frondizi a critical endorsement in 1958; but Frondizi's inability to lift the ban on Peronism had led Perón to support proxy political partes organized after his overthrow, notably Juan Atilio Bramuglia's Popular Union. The Popular Union nominated textile industry workers' leader Andrés Framini for governor of the Province of Buenos Aires (home to 38% of Argentines) and for vice-governor: Perón, himself. The leader believed this symbolic spot on the ticket (which, unable to return, he could never fill) would prove a powerful endorsement to Framini; but the move backfired when Frondizi was forced to declare Perón's candidacy null and void. Frami ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1900 Belgian General Election
Full general elections were held in Belgium on 27 May 1900. They were the first elections under a proportional system (using the D'Hondt method) instead of a majority system, with Belgium becoming the first country in the world to adopt proportional representation for parliamentary elections. Single-member constituencies were replaced with multi-member constituencies of between three and eighteen seats. The introduction of proportional representation was beneficial to the Liberal Party, which took significantly more seats. Although the Catholic Party lost seats, it retained its absolute majority, winning 86 of the 152 seats in the Chamber of Representatives and 44 of the 76 seats in the Senate. Constituencies The distribution of seats among the electoral districts was as follows for the Chamber of Representatives. As the electoral system changed to a proportional one, the electoral arrondissements with only one or two representatives were grouped together to form larger ones. E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elections In Belgium
Elections in Belgium are organised for legislative bodies only, and not for executive functions. Direct elections take place for the European Parliament, the Chamber of Representatives, the Parliaments of the Regions, the Parliaments of the Communities, the provincial councils, the municipal councils and the councils of Districts of Antwerp. Voting is mandatory in federal elections, and all elections use proportional representation which in general requires coalition governments. The method of election, the elected bodies, and the political party system have changed drastically since the founding of Belgium in 1830. At first, there were only municipal, provincial and national elections with only few people being able to vote on the national level. Over time, voting rights were extended and eventually made compulsory. In the second half the 20th century, political parties split along linguistic lines and the number of parties increased. In 1979, the European Parliament became a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Public Service Interior
The FPS Interior (, , ), formerly the Ministry of the Interior, is a Federal Public Service of Belgium. It was created by Royal Order on 14 January 2002, as part of the plans of the Verhofstadt I Government to modernise the federal administration. The FPS Interior employs approximately 4,300 persons and is responsible for guaranteeing the rule of law, the registration and identification of natural persons, the immigration policy and for guaranteeing public order and safety. The acronym IBZ comes from a mixture of its French and Dutch names, . The FPS Interior is responsible to the Federal Minister of the Interior, Institutional Reforms and Democratic Renewal, Annelies Verlinden, since October 2020. Organisations The FPS Interior is organised into five Directorates-General: *The Directorate-General for Institutions and Population ** National Register ** eID **Elections **Three freedom of information commissions *The Directorate-General for Civil Security **The Belgian Civil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bert Anciaux
Bert Jozef Herman Vic Anciaux (born 11 September 1959) is a Belgian politician and Vooruit faction leader in the Belgian Senate. He was one of the founders of Spirit (later known as the Flemish Progressives, then the Social Liberal Party, or SLP). Served as Minister for Culture, Youth and Sport in the Flemish Government from 2004 until 2009, he was also Minister for relations with the Brussels-Capital Region and the Brussels Parliament (). Political career Volksunie (1987–1998) Anciaux was born into a political family. His father Vic Anciaux was chairman of the Volksunie (VU), a nationalist party, from 1979 until 1985. Bert first held office as a councilman in the City of Brussels in 1987, and in 1991, became a member of the provincial council of Flemish Brabant. He became chairman of the Volksunie in 1992, serving until 1998. From 1995 to 1999, he sat in the Belgian Senate. Volksunie-iD21 (1998–2001) Following the 1998 White Marches provoked by the publication of offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate (Belgium)
The Senate ( ; ; ) is one of the two chambers of the bicameral Federal Parliament of Belgium, the other being the Chamber of Representatives. It is considered to be the "upper house" of the Federal Parliament. Created in 1831 as a chamber fully equal to the Chamber of Representatives, the Senate has undergone several reforms in the past, most notably in 1993 and 2014. The 2014 elections were the first without a direct election of senators. Instead, the new Senate is composed of members of community and regional parliaments and co-opted members. It is a chamber of the communities and regions and serves as a platform for discussion and reflection about matters between these federated entities. The Senate today plays a minor role in the federal legislative process. However, the Senate, together with the Chamber, has full competence for the Constitution and legislation on the organization and functioning of the Federal State and the federated entities. Since the reform of 2014, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
