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Palmtop
A handheld computer, also called a palmtop computer, is a term that has variously been used to describe a small-sized personal computer (PC) typically built around a clamshell design, clamshell form factor and a laptop-like Computer keyboard, keyboard, including: Palmtop PC, Palmtop PCs, personal digital assistants (PDA), Ultra-mobile PC, ultra-mobile PCs (UMPC) or portable Gaming computer, gaming PCs. The brand Handheld PC specifically is a now-defunct class of computers introduced in the 1990s that was marketed by Microsoft, and is detailed below. History and definitions The term has been varyingly used and intermixed with other terms. The first "hand-held" device compatible with desktop IBM personal computers of the time was the Atari Portfolio of 1989; such devices were often called "Palmtop PCs" at the time, as they were IBM PC–compatible, IBM PC–compatibles that could fit in the palm of a human hand. Other early models were the Poqet PC of 1989 and the Hewlett Packard ...
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HP 200LX
The HP 200LX Palmtop PC (F1060A, F1061A, F1216A), also known as project ''Felix'', is a personal digital assistant introduced by Hewlett-Packard in August 1994. It was often called a Palmtop PC, and it was notable that it was, with some minor exceptions, a DOS-compatible computer in a palmtop format, complete with a monochrome graphic display, QWERTY keyboard, serial port, and PCMCIA expansion slot. The abbreviation "LX" stood for "Lotus Expandable". Description Input is accomplished via a small QWERTY-keyboard with a numeric keypad, enclosed in a clamshell-style case, less than about 25% of the size of a standard notebook computer. The palmtop runs for about 30–40 hours on two size AA alkaline or Ni-Cd rechargeable cells and can charge batteries (both Ni-Cd and NiMH) via a 12 V DC wall adapter. The HP 200LX has an Intel 80186 compatible embedded central processing unit named "Hornet", which runs at ~7.91 megahertz (which can be upgraded or overclocke ...
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Palmtop PC
A Palmtop PC is an obsolete, approximately pocket calculator-sized, battery-powered computer in a horizontal clamshell design with integrated keyboard and display. It could be used like a modern subnotebook, but was light enough to be comfortably used handheld as well. Most Palmtop PCs were small enough to be stored in a user's shirt or jacket pockets. Palmtop PCs distinguish from other palmtop computers by using a mostly IBM-compatible PC architecture, and Basic Input/Output System, BIOS as well as an Intel-compatible x86 processor. All such devices were DOS-based, with DOS stored in Read-only Memory, ROM. While many Palmtop PCs came with a number of Personal digital assistant, PDA and office applications pre-installed in ROM, most of them could also run generic, off-the-shelf PC software with no or little modifications. Some could also run other operating systems such as GEOS (16-bit operating system), GEOS, Windows 1.0-Windows 3.0, 3.0 (in Real mode only), or MINIX 2.0. Mos ...
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HP 95LX
The HP 95LX Palmtop PC (F1000A, F1010A), also known as project ''Jaguar'', is Hewlett Packard's first DOS-based pocket computer, or personal digital assistant, introduced in April 1991 in collaboration with Lotus Development Corporation. The abbreviation "LX" stood for "Lotus Expandable". The computer can be seen as successor to a series of larger portable PCs like the HP 110 and HP 110 Plus. Hardware HP 95LX has an Intel 8088-clone NEC V20 CPU running at 5.37 MHz with an Intel system on a chip (SoC) device. It cannot be considered completely PC-compatible because of its quarter-CGA (MDA)-resolution LCD screen. The device includes a CR2032 lithium coin cell for memory backup when the two AA main batteries run out. For mass storage, HP 95LX has a single PCMCIA slot which can hold a static RAM card with its own CR2025 back-up coin cell. An RS-232-compatible serial port is provided, as well as an infrared port for printing on compatible mo ...
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Subnotebooks
Subnotebook, also called ultraportable, superportable, handtop, mini notebook or mini laptop, is a type of laptop computer that is smaller and lighter than a typical notebook-sized laptop. Types and sizes As typical laptop sizes have decreased over the course of the 2010s, and other distinguishing features have become mainstream, the distinction between regular-size and 'subnotebook' laptops has largely disappeared. To the extent that it still exists, 'subnotebook' could be defined as machines with screen smaller than 13" but with a permanently-attached keyboard intended for two-handed typing. Prior to this convergence, subnotebooks were also distinguished from netbooks and ultra-mobile PCs, based on both size and market position. Subnotebooks run full desktop class operating systems, and their CPUs are usually the same as those in desktops although perhaps modified for lower power consumption. Classic subnotebooks were smaller than full-sized laptops but larger than handhe ...
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Personal Computer
A personal computer, commonly referred to as PC or computer, is a computer designed for individual use. It is typically used for tasks such as Word processor, word processing, web browser, internet browsing, email, multimedia playback, and PC game, gaming. Personal computers are intended to be operated directly by an end user, rather than by a computer expert or technician. Unlike large, costly minicomputers and mainframes, time-sharing by many people at the same time is not used with personal computers. The term home computer has also been used, primarily in the late 1970s and 1980s. The advent of personal computers and the concurrent Digital Revolution have significantly affected the lives of people. Institutional or corporate computer owners in the 1960s had to write their own programs to do any useful work with computers. While personal computer users may develop their applications, usually these systems run commercial software, free-of-charge software ("freeware"), which i ...
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Personal Digital Assistant
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a multi-purpose mobile device which functions as a personal information manager. Following a boom in the 1990s and 2000s, PDAs were mostly displaced by the widespread adoption of more highly capable smartphones, in particular those based on iOS and Android (operating system), Android in the late 2000s, and thus saw a rapid decline. A PDA has an electronic visual display. Most models also have audio capabilities, allowing usage as a portable media player, and also enabling many of them to be used as telephones. By the early 2000s, nearly all PDA models had the ability to access the Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi-Fi or wireless WANs, and since then generally included a web browser. Sometimes, instead of buttons, later PDAs employ touchscreen technology. History The first PDA, the Psion Organiser, Organiser, was released in 1984 by Psion (company), Psion, followed by Psion Series 3, Psion's Series 3, in 1991. The latter began to ...
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Atari Portfolio
The Atari Portfolio (Atari PC Folio) is an IBM PC-compatible palmtop PC, released by Atari Corporation in June 1989. It was the first palmtop computer compatible with the IBM PC ever released. History DIP Research Ltd. based in Guildford, Surrey, UK released a product in the UK called the ''DIP Pocket PC'' in 1989. Soon after its release, DIP licensed this product to Atari for sale as the ''Portfolio'' in the UK and US. In Italy, Spain and Germany, it was originally marketed as ''PC Folio'' instead. DIP officially stood for "Distributed Information Processing", although secretly it actually stood for "David, Ian and Peter", the three founding members of the company who were former employees of Psion. The original founder of the company (first called "Crushproof Software") was Ian H. S. Cullimore, and the other two David Frodsham and Peter Baldwin. Cullimore was involved in designing the early Organiser products at Psion before the DIP Pocket PC project. The technologic succe ...
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Personal Digital Assistants
A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a multi-purpose mobile device which functions as a personal information manager. Following a boom in the 1990s and 2000s, PDAs were mostly displaced by the widespread adoption of more highly capable smartphones, in particular those based on iOS and Android in the late 2000s, and thus saw a rapid decline. A PDA has an electronic visual display. Most models also have audio capabilities, allowing usage as a portable media player, and also enabling many of them to be used as telephones. By the early 2000s, nearly all PDA models had the ability to access the Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi-Fi or wireless WANs, and since then generally included a web browser. Sometimes, instead of buttons, later PDAs employ touchscreen technology. History The first PDA, the Organiser, was released in 1984 by Psion, followed by Psion's Series 3, in 1991. The latter began to resemble the more familiar PDA style, including a full keyboard. The te ...
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Poqet PC
The Poqet PC is a line of palmtop PCs introduced in 1989 by Poqet Computer Corporation. The eponymous first model was the first IBM PC–compatible palmtop computer capable of running MS-DOS at CGA resolutions. The Poqet PC is powered by two AA batteries. Through the use of aggressive power management, which includes stopping the CPU between keystrokes, the batteries are able to power the computer for anywhere between a couple of weeks and a couple of months, depending on usage. The computer also uses an "instant on" feature, such that after powering it down, it can be used again immediately without having to go through a full booting sequence. The Poqet PC is comparable to the HP 95LX/HP 100LX/HP 200LX and the Atari Portfolio handheld computers. The computer originally sold for US$2,000; it was discontinued after Fujitsu Ltd. bought Poqet Computer Corp. Poqet PC, "Classic" and Prime Three variants were produced. The Poqet PC was the first to be introduced and the Poqet PC Prim ...
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Ultra-mobile PC
An ultra-mobile PC, or ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), is a miniature version of a pen computer, a class of laptop whose specifications were launched by Microsoft and Intel in Spring 2006. Sony had already made a first attempt in this direction in 2004 with its Vaio U series, which was only sold in Asia. UMPCs are generally smaller than subnotebooks, have a TFT display measuring (diagonally) about , are operated like tablet PCs using a touchscreen or a stylus, and can also have a physical keyboard. There is no clear boundary between subnotebooks and ultra-mobile PCs, but UMPCs commonly have major features not found in the common clamshell laptop design, such as small keys on either side of the screen, or a slide-out keyboard. The first-generation UMPCs were simple PCs running Linux or an adapted version of Microsoft's tablet PC operating system. With the announcement of the UMPC, Microsoft dropped the licensing requirement that tablet PCs must support proximity s ...
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GPD Win 2
The GPD Win 2 is a Windows-based palmtop computer that is the successor to the GPD Win. It is manufactured by Chinese company GamePad Digital and was crowdfunded. Announced in first-quarter 2017, the crowdfunding campaign officially kicked off on January 15, 2018, and it was released in May 2018. History GamePad Digital released the GPD Win in October 2016. This was meant to be an answer to the lack of x86 Windows-based mobile gaming devices. The Win met with success, surpassing its target funding. Building upon this success, they announced the GPD Win 2 in 2017. By December 2017, tech media outlets such as ''TechRadar'', ''The Verge'', Slash Gear, ExtremeTech, and more were providing write ups and technical specs of pre-production units. The Indiegogo campaign for the Win 2 was a success, and surpassed its stated $100,000 goal by roughly 1700% at almost $1.8 million with over 2,200 pre-order backers. By the end of the campaign, the project received $2,700,000 of backing. ...
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