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Nuclear And Radiation Accidents
A nuclear and radiation accident is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "an event that has led to significant consequences to people, the environment or the facility." Examples include radiation poisoning, lethal effects to individuals, large ionizing radiation, radioactivity release to the environment, or a nuclear meltdown, reactor core melt. The prime example of a "major nuclear accident" is one in which a nuclear reactor core, reactor core is damaged and significant amounts of Radionuclide, radioactive isotopes are released, such as in the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. The impact of nuclear accidents has been a topic of debate since the first nuclear reactors were constructed in 1954 and has been a key factor in Anti-nuclear movement, public concern about nuclear facilities.M.V. Ramana. Nuclear Power: Economic, Safety, Health, and Environmental Issues of Near-Term Technologies, ''Annual Review of Environment and R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fukushima I By Digital Globe
may refer to: Japan * Fukushima Prefecture, Japanese prefecture **Fukushima, Fukushima, capital city of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan *** Fukushima University, national university in Japan ***Fukushima Station (Fukushima) in Fukushima, Fukushima ** Fukushima Airport, airport serving northern and central Fukushima Prefecture, Japan **Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant, another nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. Now being decommissioned **Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, a disabled nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan *** Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, 2011 nuclear accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant, Japan *** Fukushima disaster cleanup, clean-up activities following the nuclear accidents, Fukushima, Japan ** 2016 Fukushima earthquake ** 2021 Fukushima earthquake Hokkaido *Fukushima, Hokkaido Osaka *Fukushima-ku, Osaka, ward * Fukushima Station Nagano Prefecture *Kiso-Fukushima Station *Fukushima-juku, former post to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SL-1
Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One, also known as SL-1, initially the Argonne Low Power Reactor (ALPR), was a United States Army experimental nuclear reactor in the Western United States, western United States at the Idaho National Laboratory#History, National Reactor Testing Station (NRTS) in Idaho about west of Idaho Falls, Idaho, Idaho Falls, now the Idaho National Laboratory. On January 3, 1961, at 9:01 pm MST, an operator fully pulled out the reactor's central control rod, causing the reactor to go from fully shut down to prompt critical. The intense heat from the nuclear reaction expanded the water inside the reactor core, producing extreme water hammer and causing water, steam, reactor components, debris, and fuel to vent from the top of the reactor where the three operators were working. As the water struck the top of the reactor vessel, it propelled the entire reactor vessel to the ceiling of the reactor room where it struck the overhead crane. A supervisor who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiotherapy Accident In Costa Rica
The radiotherapy accident in Costa Rica occurred within the Alcyon II radiotherapy unit at San Juan de Dios Hospital in San José, Costa Rica. It was related to a cobalt-60 source that was being used for radiotherapy in 1996. An accidental overexposure of radiotherapy patients treated during August and September 1996 was detected. During the calibration process done after the change of 60Co source on 22 August 1996, a mistake was made in calculating the dose rate, leading to severe overexposure of patients. The error of calibration was detected on 27 September 1996, after which treatments ceased. In the course of the accident, 115 patients received an overdose of radiation and 13 died of radiation-related injuries. The San Juan de Dios Hospital, located in Costa Rica, was one of the major medical facilities offering radiotherapy services in the country. In the mid-1990s, this facility introduced cobalt-60 therapy machines as a means of treating cancer. Radiotherapy is a critical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windscale Fire
The Windscale fire of 10 October 1957 was the worst nuclear accident in the United Kingdom's history, and one of the worst in the world, ranked in severity at level 5 out of 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The fire was in Unit 1 of the two-pile Windscale site on the north-west coast of England in Cumberland (now Sellafield). The two graphite-moderated reactors, referred to at the time as "piles", had been built as part of the British post-war atomic bomb project. Windscale Pile No. 1 was operational in October 1950, followed by Pile No. 2 in June 1951. The fire burned for three days and released radioactive fallout which spread across the UK and the rest of Europe. The radioactive isotope iodine-131, which may lead to cancer of the thyroid, was of particular concern at the time. It has since come to light that small but significant amounts of the highly dangerous radioactive isotope polonium-210 were also released. It is estimated that the radiation leak ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyshtym Disaster
The Kyshtym disaster, ( Russian: Кыштымская авария), sometimes referred to as the Mayak disaster or Ozyorsk disaster in newer sources, was a radioactive contamination accident that occurred on 29 September 1957 at Mayak, a plutonium reprocessing production plant for nuclear weapons located in the closed city of Chelyabinsk-40 (now Ozyorsk) in Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia in the Soviet Union. The disaster is the second worst nuclear incident by radioactivity released, after the Chernobyl disaster and was regarded as the worst nuclear disaster in history until Chernobyl. It is the only disaster classified as Level 6 on the International Nuclear Event Scale (INES). It is the third worst nuclear disaster by population impact after the two Level 7 events: the Chernobyl disaster, which resulted in the evacuation of 335,000 people, and the Fukushima Daiichi disaster, which resulted in the evacuation of 154,000 people. At least 22 villages were exposed to radiation fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time (magazine)
''Time'' (stylized in all caps as ''TIME'') is an American news magazine based in New York City. It was published Weekly newspaper, weekly for nearly a century. Starting in March 2020, it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce. A European edition (''Time Europe'', formerly known as ''Time Atlantic'') is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (''Time Asia'') is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Since 2018, ''Time'' has been owned by Salesforce founder Marc Benioff, who acquired it from Meredith Corporation. Benioff currently publishes the magazine through the company Time USA, LLC. History 20th century ''Time'' has been based in New York City since its first issue published on March 3, 1923 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Submarine K-431
''K-431'' (; originally the ''K-31'') was a Soviet nuclear-powered submarine that had a reactor accident on 10 August 1985. It was commissioned on 30 September 1965. The 1985 explosion occurred during refueling of the submarine at Chazhma Bay, Dunay, Vladivostok. There were ten fatalities and 49 other people suffered radiation injuries. ''Time'' magazine has identified the accident as one of the world's "worst nuclear disasters". Reactor refuelling disaster ''K-431'', completed around 1965 as unit ''K-31'', was a Project 675 or Echo II-class submarine with two pressurized water reactors, each of 70 MWt capacity and using 20%-enriched uranium as fuel. On 10 August 1985, the submarine was being refuelled at the Chazhma Bay naval facility near Vladivostok. The submarine had been refuelled and the reactor tank lid was being replaced. The lid was laid incorrectly and had to be lifted again with the control rods attached. A beam was supposed to prevent the lid from being lifte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Submarine K-222
''K-222'' was the sole Project 661 "''Anchar''" (Cyrillic: ) (NATO reporting name: Papa class) nuclear-powered cruise-missile submarine of the Soviet Navy during the Cold War. Although the Soviets saw ''K-222'' as an unsuccessful design, upon completion it was the world's fastest submarine and the first to be built with a titanium hull. The submarine was given several names over the course of its construction and service: she was originally designated ''K-18'', named ''K-162'' while under construction, and renamed to ''K-222'' in 1978. The Soviet government and Navy was dissatisfied with the Echo class of nuclear submarines, which had to surface to fire their missiles. In 1958 construction was authorized for an exceedingly ambitious program; the requirements called for a very fast boat equipped with missiles that could be launched while submerged. It accepted the preliminary design two years later and construction began in 1963; work proceeded very slowly as techniques for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Submarine K-429
''K-429'' (often incorrectly referred to as K-329) was a Project 670-A ''Скат'' (''Skat'', meaning " ray"; also known by its NATO reporting name of Charlie I-class) nuclear submarine of the Soviet Navy. Her keel was laid down on 26 January 1971 at Krasnoye Sormovo in Gorky. She was launched on 22 April 1972, and was commissioned on 31 October 1972 into the Soviet Pacific Fleet. Sinking incidents In early 1983, ''K-429'' returned to base needing overhaul after a long patrol. After turning their boat over to the shipyard, crew departed on leave. Her nuclear weapons remained aboard. Ordered to sea That June, Captain First Rank Nikolay Suvorov was ordered by Rear Admiral Oleg Yerofeyev to reassume command of ''K-429'' and to take part in an exercise. Suvorov questioned the order: the exercises had been planned for later in the year, the boat was being repaired, the crew was on leave, and Suvorov expected a transfer to Saint Petersburg. Yerofeyev explained that Suvorov's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Submarine K-140
The ''Yankee'' class, Soviet designations Project 667A ''Navaga'' (navaga) and Project 667AU ''Nalim'' (burbot) for the basic ''Yankee''-I, were a family of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. In total, 34 units were built: 24 in Severodvinsk for the Northern Fleet and the remaining 10 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur for the Pacific Fleet. Two Northern Fleet units were later transferred to the Pacific. The ''Yankee''-class were subject to a wide variety of modifications; these ships have a different designation to the original model. Design The Yankee-class nuclear submarines were the first class of Soviet ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) to have thermonuclear firepower comparable with that of their American and British Polaris submarine counterparts. The Yankee class were quieter in the ocean than were their predecessors, and had better streamlining that improved their underwater performance. The Yankee class were actually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Submarine K-27
''K-27'' was the only nuclear submarine of the Soviet Navy's Project 645. It was constructed by placing a pair of experimental VT-1 nuclear reactors that used a liquid-metal coolant ( lead-bismuth eutectic) into the modified hull of a Project 627A () vessel. A unique NATO reporting name was not assigned. Launch and operations The keel of ''K-27'' was laid down on 15 June 1958 at Severodvinsk Shipyard No. 402.K-27 Project 645 Deepstorm.ru. Retrieved on 8 November 2011. It was launched on 1 April 1962, and went into service as an experimental "attack submarine" on 30 October 1963. ''K-27'' was officially commissioned into the Soviet Northern Fleet on 7 September 1965. ''K-27'' was assigned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Submarine K-11
''K-11'' was a Soviet (Project 627A) nuclear-powered attack submarine that had two reactor accidents during loading of the nuclear reactor core in Severodvinsk on 7 and 12 February 1965. Reasons for the accidents included nonobservance of operating instructions by those participating in the lift of the reactor cover and the mistaken decision to continue refueling after the first accident. There were no fatalities but those accidents (ejection of radioactive steam and inappropriate fire extinguishing methods on 12 February) caused an unsafe release of radiation into the environment and nearby shipyard area. Seven men were treated for exposure to radiation. The reactor compartment holding the two damaged reactors was removed, partially decontaminated and sunk in Abrosimov Bay (east coast of Novaya Zemlya) in the Kara Sea in 1966. A new reactor compartment was installed and the submarine continued to perform her duties from August 1968 (performed five long-range cruises in 1968–1970 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
