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Mithraeum
A Mithraeum , sometimes spelled Mithreum and Mithraion (), is a Roman temple, temple erected in classical antiquity by the Mithraism, worshippers of Mithras. Most Mithraea can be dated between 100 BC and 300 AD, mostly in the Roman Empire. The Mithraeum was either an adapted natural cave, cavern, or building imitating a cave. Where possible, the Mithraeum was constructed within or below an existing building, such as the Mithraeum found beneath the Basilica di San Clemente, Basilica of San Clemente in Rome. While most Mithraea are underground, some feature openings in the ceiling to allow light to enter, a reminder of the connection to the universe and the passage of time. The site of a Mithraeum may also be identified by its singular entrance or vestibule, which stands across from an apse at the back of which stands an altar on a pedestal, often in a recess, and its "cave," called the ''Spelaeum'' or ''Spelunca'', with raised benches along the side walls for the ritu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithras
Mithraism, also known as the Mithraic mysteries or the Cult of Mithras, was a Roman Empire, Roman mystery religion focused on the god Mithras. Although inspired by Iranian peoples, Iranian worship of the Zoroastrian divinity (''yazata'') Mithra, the Roman Mithras was linked to a new and distinctive imagery, and the degree of continuity between Persian and Greco-Roman practice remains debatable. The mysteries were popular among the Imperial Roman army from the 1st to the 4th century AD. Worshippers of Mithras had a complex system of seven grades of initiation and communal ritual meals. Initiates called themselves ''syndexioi'', those "united by the handshake". They met in dedicated ''mithraeum, mithraea'' (singular ''mithraeum''), underground Roman temple, temples that survive in large numbers. The cult (religious practice), cult appears to have had its centre in ancient Rome, Rome, and was popular throughout the Western Roman Empire, western half of the empire, as far so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jajce Mithraeum
The Jajce Mithraeum, or Jajački Mithraeum () is a mithraeum, or temple of Mithraism. It was rediscovered in an archaeological dig in 1931 in Jajce, Bosnia and Herzegovina. History Mithra was worshipped throughout the Roman era, from the late Republic to the later Imperial era. The cult of Mithraism spread from the Middle East to other parts of the Roman Empire throughout the Mediterranean basin, at first by military-political adventurers, travelers, slaves and merchants from the Orient. Later, Mithraism was spread by soldiers whose legions came into contact with the followers of the cult in the East. The temple dates back to the early 4th century, although it could be as ancient as the 2nd century with repairs undertaken during the early 4th century. This particular Mithraeum is one of the best-preserved sites in Europe. The Jajce site is a typical spelaea. Mithraism followers typically sought to set up their places of worship in caves. In the absence of such topographic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tienen Mithraeum
The Tienen Mithraeum is a Mithraic temple constructed in the Belgian municipality of Tienen in the third century CE. History The rise of the Cult of Mithras was the temple's most active time in the Roman Empire during the 1st century. The ruins were not discovered until 1998 through excavation of the site labeled, Grijpenveld. It now one of a total of four mithraea found in Belgium alone. Through excavation, the ruins help determine the building's original form. The remains found in the ritual pits were believed to be parts of the religious practices of the cult because of their close proximity to the mithraeum in comparison to the remainder of the excavation. Site The Mithraic temple is located in the southwestern region of Tienen, on the edge of the town's border. Beside the mithraeum is a pebble road that leads to the center of Tienen as well as a discovered tumulus, built a century before the temple. Along the same path, a bronze plaque declaring the cult's devotion to M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mackwiller
Mackwiller (; ) is a Communes of France, commune in the Bas-Rhin Departments of France, department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. Archaeology In 1955, substantial fragments of a large Mithraeum were unearthed in Mackwiller by Jean-Jacques Hatt, archaeologist and director of the Musée archéologique (Strasbourg), Musée archéologique de Strasbourg. The find is still prominently displayed in that museum. See also * Communes of the Bas-Rhin departmentReferences Communes of Bas-Rhin {{BasRhin-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biesheim
Biesheim (; ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. Population Archaeology Remains of a Mithraeum have been unearthed in Biesheim in 1977. See also * Communes of the Haut-Rhin department The following is a list of the 366 Communes of France, communes of the French Departments of France, department of Haut-Rhin. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 2025): References Communes of Haut-Rhin Haut-Rhin communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia {{HautRhin-geo-stub ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angers
Angers (, , ;) is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris. It is the Prefectures of France, prefecture of the Maine-et-Loire department and was the capital of the province of Duchy of Anjou, Anjou until the French Revolution. The inhabitants of both the city and the province are called ''Angevins'' or, more rarely, ''Angeriens''. Angers proper covers and has a population of 154,508 inhabitants, while around 432,900 live in its metropolitan area (''aire d'attraction''). The Communauté urbaine Angers Loire Métropole, Angers Loire Métropole is made up of 29 communes covering with 299,500 inhabitants (2018).Comparateur de territoire INSEE Not including the broader metropolitan area, Angers is the third most populous Communes of France, commune in northwes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crypt
A crypt (from Greek κρύπτη (kryptē) ''wikt:crypta#Latin, crypta'' "Burial vault (tomb), vault") is a stone chamber beneath the floor of a church or other building. It typically contains coffins, Sarcophagus, sarcophagi, or Relic, religious relics. Originally, crypts were typically found below the main apse of a church, such as at the Abbey of Saint-Germain en Auxerre, but were later located beneath chancel, naves and transepts as well. Occasionally churches were raised high to accommodate a crypt at the ground level, such as St. Michael's Church, Hildesheim, St Michael's Church in Hildesheim, Germany. Etymology The word "crypt" developed as an alternative form of the Latin "vault" as it was carried over into Late Latin, and came to refer to the ritual rooms found underneath church buildings. It also served as a Bank vault, vault for storing important and/or sacred items. The word "crypta", however, is also the female form of ''crypto'' "hidden". The earliest known origin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basilica Di San Clemente
The Basilica of Saint Clement () is a Latin Catholic minor basilica dedicated to Pope Clement I located in Rome, Italy. Archaeologically speaking, the structure is a three-tiered complex of buildings: (1) the present basilica built just before the year 1100 during the height of the Middle Ages; (2) beneath the present basilica is a 4th-century basilica that had been converted out of the home of a Roman nobleman, part of which had in the 1st century briefly served as an early church, and the basement of which had in the 2nd century briefly served as a mithraeum; (3) the home of the Roman nobleman had been built on the foundations of republican era villa and warehouse that had been destroyed in the Great Fire of AD 64. History This ancient church was transformed over the centuries from a private home that was the site of clandestine Christian worship in the 1st century to a grand public basilica by the 6th century, reflecting the emerging Catholic Church's growing legitimacy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosmos
The cosmos (, ; ) is an alternative name for the universe or its nature or order. Usage of the word ''cosmos'' implies viewing the universe as a complex and orderly system or entity. The cosmos is studied in cosmologya broad discipline covering scientific, religious or philosophical aspects of the cosmos and its nature. Religious and philosophical approaches may include the cosmos among spiritual entities or other matters deemed to exist outside the physical universe. Etymology The verb wikt:κοσμέω, κοσμεῖν (''kosmein'') meant generally "to dispose, prepare", but especially "to order and arrange (troops for battle), to set (an army) in array"; also "to establish (a government or regime)", "to adorn, dress" (especially of women). Thus ''kosmos'' meant "ornaments, decoration" (compare ''kosmokomes'' "dressing the hair," and cosmetic). The philosopher Pythagoras used the term ''kosmos'' for the order of the universe. Anaxagoras further introduced the concept of a C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandria
Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile Delta, Nile River delta. Founded in 331 BC by Alexander the Great, Alexandria grew rapidly and became a major centre of Hellenic civilisation, eventually replacing Memphis, Egypt, Memphis, in present-day Greater Cairo, as Egypt's capital. Called the "Bride of the Mediterranean" and "Pearl of the Mediterranean Coast" internationally, Alexandria is a popular tourist destination and an important industrial centre due to its natural gas and petroleum, oil pipeline transport, pipelines from Suez. The city extends about along the northern coast of Egypt and is the largest city on the Mediterranean, the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second-largest in Egypt (after Cairo), the List of largest cities in the Arab world, fourth- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konjic
Konjic ( sr-Cyrl, Коњиц) is a List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, city located in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, one of two entities that make up Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in northern Herzegovina, around southwest of Sarajevo, in a mountainous, heavily wooded area, and is above sea level. The municipality extends on both sides of the Neretva River. According to the 2013 census, the city of Konjic has a population of 10,732 inhabitants, whereas the municipality has 25,148. The city is one of the oldest permanent settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, dating back almost 4,000 years; it arose in its current incarnation in the late 14th century. History The area near the Konjic is believed to have been settled up to 4,000 years ago, and settlements around 2,000 years ago by Illyrian tribes travelling upstream along the Neretva river have been found. Konjic was earliest recorded by name in the records of the Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
