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Maṭarta
In Mandaean cosmology, a maṭarta (; plural form: ' ) is a "station" or "toll house" that is located between the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') from Tibil (Earth). It has variously been translated as "watch-station", "toll-station", "way-station", or "purgatory". Maṭartas are guarded by various uthras (celestial beings from the World of Light) and demons. Ruha, the queen of the underworld, is the ruler or guardian of one of the maṭartas. To reach the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') from Tibil (Earth), souls must pass through the various maṭartas that are situated in between. Rituals such as the ''masiqta'' can help guide souls past the various maṭarta so that they could reach the World of Light. In the Ginza Rabba In the Ginza Rabba, s:Translation:Ginza Rabba/Right Ginza/Book 5/Chapter 3, Chapter 3 in Book 5 of the ''Right Ginza'', s:Translation:Ginza Rabba/Right Ginza/Book 6, Book 6 of the ''Right Ginza'' (also known as the "Book of Dinanukht"), and s:Transla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MS DC 8 - Nbu Wolves
MS, ms, Ms, M.S., etc. may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Ms. (magazine), ''Ms.'' (magazine), an American feminist magazine * Metal Storm (webzine), a heavy metal website based in Estonia Businesses and organizations * MS-13, criminal gang * Young Socialists (Poland), Młodzi Socjaliści (Young Socialists), a former Polish socialist youth organization * Morgan Stanley, a US investment bank (NYSE stock symbol: MS) * Mjólkursamsalan, an Icelandic dairy company * Microsoft, an American multinational corporation and technology company * Motorola Solutions, an American communications equipment manufacturer Educational qualifications * Master of Science, a master's degree in the field of science * Master of Surgery, an advanced medical degree * Master Sommelier, a terminal degree in the field of wine * '' Mastère spécialisé'', a French postgraduate ''grande école'' master's degree Medicine * Mitral valve stenosis, Mitral stenosis, narrowing of the mitral valve of the heart * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haza-Zban
An uthra or ʿutra (, Neo-Mandaic ''oṯrɔ'', traditionally transliterated ''eutra''; plural: ʿuthrē, traditionally transliterated ''eutria'') is a "divine messenger of the light" in Mandaeism. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath translate it as "excellency". Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley defines them as "Lightworld beings, called 'utras (sing.: 'utra 'wealth', but meaning 'angel' or 'guardian')." p8 Aldihisi (2008) compares them to the ''yazata'' of Zoroastrianism. According to E. S. Drower, "an 'uthra is an ethereal being, a spirit of light and Life." Uthras are benevolent beings that live in '' škinas'' (, "celestial dwellings") in the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') and communicate with each other via telepathy. Uthras are also occasionally mentioned as being in '' anana'' ("cloud"; e.g., in ''Right Ginza'' Book 17, Chapter 1), which can also be interpreted as female consorts. Many uthras also serve as guardians (''naṭra''); for instance, Shilmai and Nidbai are the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Book Of Enoch
The Second Book of Enoch (abbreviated as 2 Enoch and also known as Slavonic Enoch, Slavic Enoch, or the Secrets of Enoch) is a pseudepigraphic text in the apocalyptic genre. It describes the ascent of the patriarch Enoch, ancestor of Noah, through ten heavens of an Earth-centered cosmos. The Slavonic edition and translation of 2 Enoch is of Christian origin in the 8th century but is based on an earlier work. 2 Enoch is distinct from the Book of Enoch, known as 1 Enoch, and there is also an unrelated 3 Enoch, although none of the three books are considered canonical scripture by the majority of Jewish or Christian bodies. The numbering of these texts has been applied by scholars to distinguish each from the others. The cosmology of 2 Enoch corresponds closely with beliefs of the Early Middle Ages about the metaphysical structure of the universe. It may have been influential in shaping them. The text was lost for several centuries, then recovered and published at the end of the ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Cognate
False cognates are pairs of words that seem to be cognates because of similar sounds or spelling and meaning, but have different etymologies; they can be within the same language or from different languages, even within the same family. For example, the English word '' dog'' and the Mbabaram word '' dog'' have exactly the same meaning and very similar pronunciations, but by complete coincidence. Likewise, English '' much'' and Spanish '' mucho'' came by their similar meanings via completely different Proto-Indo-European roots, and same for English '' have'' and Spanish '' haber''. This is different from false friends, which are similar-sounding words with different meanings, and may or may not be cognates. Within a language, if they are spelled the same, they are homographs; if they are pronounced the same, they are homophones. Cross-linguistic or interlingual homographs or homophones sometimes include cognates; non-cognates may more specifically be called homographic or homoph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Orthodoxy
Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, is one of the three main Branches of Christianity, branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholic Church, Catholicism and Protestantism. Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church, canonical") Eastern Orthodox Church is Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church, organised into autocephalous churches independent from each other. In the 21st century, the Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church#Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches, number of mainstream autocephalous churches is seventeen; there also exist Organization of the Eastern Orthodox Church#Unrecognised churches, autocephalous churches unrecognized by those mainstream ones. Autocephalous churches choose their own Primate (bishop), primate. Autocephalous churches can have Ecclesiastical jurisdiction, jurisdiction (authority) over other churches, som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aerial Toll House
Aerial toll houses (also called "telonia", from the / ''telonia'', customs) are a belief held by some in the Eastern Orthodox Church which states that "following a person's death the soul leaves the body, and is escorted to God by angels. During this journey the soul passes through an aerial realm, which is inhabited by Demons, wicked spirits (Ephesians 6:12). The soul encounters these demons at various points referred to as ''toll-houses'' where the demons then attempt to accuse it of Christian views on sin, sin and, if possible, drag the soul into Hell in Eastern Orthodox theology, hell". A number of the Eastern Orthodox saints, modern Starets, elders and theologians have openly endorsed it, but some theologians and bishops have condemned it as heresy, heretical and gnostic in origin. Aerial toll houses are part of the particular judgment. Teaching The most detailed account of the aerial toll-houses is found in the of Basil the Younger, found in the ''Lives of Saints'' for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pistis Sophia
''Pistis Sophia'' () is a Gnostic text discovered in 1773, possibly written between the 3rd and 4th centuries AD. The existing manuscript, which some scholars place in the late 4th century, relates one Gnostic group's teachings of the transfigured Jesus to the assembled disciples, including his mother Mary, Mary Magdalene, and Martha. (In this context, "transfigured" refers to Jesus after his death and resurrection, not the event during his life where he spoke to appearances of Moses and Elijah on a mountain.) In this text, the risen Jesus had spent eleven years speaking with his disciples, teaching them only the lower mysteries. After eleven years, he receives his true garment and is able to reveal the higher mysteries revered by this group. The prized mysteries relate to complex cosmologies and knowledge necessary for the soul to reach the highest divine realms. Much of the first two books of the manuscript are dedicated to outlining the myth of the fall and restoration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Book Of Thomas The Contender
The ''Book of Thomas the Contender'' or The ''Book of Thomas'' is a Gnostic revelation dialogue. It is the seventh tractate in Codex II of the Nag Hammadi library. The tractate is a Coptic translation of a Greek original, likely composed in Syria during the early 200s AD. The dialogue is between Jesus and Judas Thomas, whom Jesus calls "my twin" and "my brother." Scholars disagree on whether Judas Thomas is Thomas the Apostle, Jude the Apostle, and/or Jude, brother of Jesus. Judas is one of the brothers of Jesus named in Mark 6:3, and Thomas is Aramaic for 'twin.' The ending of the text is a monologue delivered by Jesus. Summary The text is introduced as secret words written down by Mathaias while listening to Jesus speaking with Judas Thomas. Jesus tells Thomas to listen because Jesus will reveal to Thomas the things he has pondered in his mind. Jesus urges Thomas to examine himself and learn who he is and how he will come to be, since it is not fitting for him to be ignorant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Apocalypse Of James
The First Apocalypse of James is a Gnostic Apocalypse, apocalyptic writing. Its initial rediscovery was a Coptic language, Coptic translation as the third Masekhet, tractate of Codex V in the Nag Hammadi library. Additional copies were later found in Coptic as part of the Codex Tchacos and in Greek language, Greek among the Oxyrhynchus Papyri. The text uses Valentinianism, Valentinian Theologoumenon, theologoumena, leading to the belief that the original document was written in c. 200 AD. The content of the text is a dialogue between Jesus and James, brother of Jesus, James the Just. The text takes a docetic view of Jesus via his statements "you are not my brother materially" and "never have I suffered in any way, nor have I been distressed." The text prepares James for his death as a martyr by emphasizing spiritual redemption over material existence. Summary The text begins immediately with dialogue between James and Jesus. Jesus refers to himself as an image of God and explains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coptic Apocalypse Of Paul
The Coptic ''Apocalypse of Paul'' (Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲁⲡⲟⲕⲁⲗⲩⲯⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲩⲗⲟⲥ), also known as the ''Revelation of Paul'', is a Gnostic apocalyptic writing. It was originally written in Koine Greek, but the surviving manuscript is a Coptic language translation. It is the second of five treatises in Codex V of the Nag Hammadi library texts. The text describes a Gnostic cosmogony and interpretation of Pauline epistles via its portrayal of Paul the Apostle as an apocalyptic hero. The content of the text can be divided into three parts: an epiphany scene, a scene of judgment and punishment, and a heavenly journey in which Paul ultimately ascends to the tenth level of heaven. The author was likely influenced by 2 Corinthians 12, where Paul says he knew of a man who went to the third heaven; the work presumes this man was Paul himself, and expands the journey to all of the layers of heaven. Several scholars have argued that the ideas presented in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nag Hammadi Library
The Nag Hammadi library (also known as the Chenoboskion Manuscripts and the Gnostic Gospels) is a collection of early Christian and Gnostic texts discovered near the Upper Egyptian town of Nag Hammadi in 1945. Thirteen leather-bound papyrus codices buried in a sealed jar were found by a local farmer named Muhammed al-Samman. The writings in these codices comprise 52 mostly Gnostic treatises, but they also include three works belonging to the '' Corpus Hermeticum'' and a partial translation/alteration of Plato's ''Republic''. In his introduction to ''The Nag Hammadi Library in English'', James Robinson suggests that these codices may have belonged to a nearby Pachomian monastery and were buried after Saint Athanasius condemned the use of non-canonical books in his Festal Letter of 367 A.D. The Pachomian hypothesis has been further expanded by Lundhaug & Jenott (2015, 2018) and further strengthened by Linjamaa (2024). In his 2024 book, Linjamaa argues that the Nag Hammadi l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazazban
An uthra or ʿutra (, Neo-Mandaic ''oṯrɔ'', traditionally transliterated ''eutra''; plural: ʿuthrē, traditionally transliterated ''eutria'') is a "divine messenger of the light" in Mandaeism. Charles G. Häberl and James F. McGrath translate it as "excellency". Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley defines them as "Lightworld beings, called 'utras (sing.: 'utra 'wealth', but meaning 'angel' or 'guardian')." p8 Aldihisi (2008) compares them to the ''yazata'' of Zoroastrianism. According to E. S. Drower, "an 'uthra is an ethereal being, a spirit of light and Life." Uthras are benevolent beings that live in '' škinas'' (, "celestial dwellings") in the World of Light (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') and communicate with each other via telepathy. Uthras are also occasionally mentioned as being in '' anana'' ("cloud"; e.g., in ''Right Ginza'' Book 17, Chapter 1), which can also be interpreted as female consorts. Many uthras also serve as guardians (''naṭra''); for instance, Shilmai and Nidbai are the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
