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Maritime Zone
Territorial waters are informally an area of water where a sovereign state has jurisdiction, including internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, and potentially the extended continental shelf (these components are sometimes collectively called the maritime zones). In a narrower sense, the term is often used as a synonym for the territorial sea. Vessels have different rights and duties when passing through each area defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), one of the most ratified treaties. States cannot exercise their jurisdiction in waters beyond the exclusive economic zone, which are known as the high seas. Baseline Normally, the baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts that the coastal state recognizes. This is either the low-water mark closest to the shore or an unlimited distance from permanently exposed land, provided that some portion of elevations ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maritime Zones Under International Law
Maritime may refer to: Geography * Maritime Alps, a mountain range in the southwestern part of the Alps * Maritime Region, a region in Togo * Maritime Southeast Asia * The Maritimes, the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island * Maritime County, former county of Poland, existing from 1927 to 1939, and from 1945 to 1951 * Neustadt District, Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, known from 1939 to 1942 as ''Maritime District'', a former district of Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, Nazi Germany, from 1939 to 1945 * The Maritime republics, Maritime Republics, thalassocratic city-states on the Italian peninsula during the Middle Ages Museums * Maritime museum (sometimes nautical museum), a museum for the display of objects relating to ships and travel on large bodies of water. * Maritime Museum (Belize) * Maritime Museum (Macau), China * Maritime Museum (Malaysia) * Maritime Museum (Stockholm), Sweden Music * Maritime (album), ''Maritime'' (album), a 2005 alb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Boundary Delimitation
In international law, national boundary delimitation (also known as national delimitation and boundary delimitation) is the process of legally establishing the outer limits ("borders") of a state within which full territorial or functional sovereignty is exercised. National delimitation involves negotiations surrounding the modification of a state's borders and often takes place as part of the negotiations seeking to end a conflict over resource control, popular loyalties, or political interests. Occasionally this is used when referring to the maritime boundaries, in which case it is called maritime delimitation. The term "maritime delimitation" is a form of national delimitation that can be applied to the disputes between nations over maritime claims. An example is found at Maritime Boundary Delimitation in the Gulf of Tonkin. In international politics, the Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea ( Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations Secretariat) is responsible for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finance Act 2006
The Finance Act 2006 (c 25) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom prescribing changes to Excise Duties; Value Added Tax; Income Tax; Corporation Tax; and Capital Gains Tax. It enacts the 2006 Budget speech made by Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In the UK, the Chancellor delivers an annual Budget speech outlining changes in spending, tax and duty. The respective year's Finance Act is the mechanism to enact the changes. The rules governing the various taxation methods are contained within the various taxation acts. (For instance Capital Gains Tax Legislation is contained within Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992.) The Finance Act details amendments to be made to a variety of such Acts. The Act made changes to the treatment of trusts for Inheritance Tax International tax law distinguishes between an estate tax and an inheritance tax. An inheritance tax is a tax paid by a person who inherits money or property of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petroleum Act 1998
The Petroleum Act 1998 (c. 17) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which consolidated arrangements for the licensing, operation and abandonment of offshore installations and pipelines. As a consolidation Act, it did not change the substantive law, although certain Acts were amended and repealed. Background This was a consolidation act which brought together a number of enactments on petroleum. It dealt with rights and licences to search for and get petroleum; the application of criminal and civil law to offshore activities; authorisations for submarine pipelines; and the decommissioning of offshore installations and pipelines. The main acts which were to be consolidated were the Petroleum (Production) Act 1934 ( 24 & 25 Geo. 5. c. 36); the Petroleum and Submarine Pipe-lines Act 1975 (c. 74); the Oil and Gas (Enterprise) Act 1982; and the Petroleum Act 1987 (c. 12), parts I and II. The Act vested all rights to the UK’s petroleum resources in the Crown; a rig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coal Industry Act 1994
The Mining Remediation Authority is a non-departmental public body of the United Kingdom government sponsored by the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ). It owns the vast majority of unworked coal in Great Britain, as well as former coal mines, and undertakes a range of functions including: * licensing coal mining operations * matters with respect to coal mining subsidence damage outside the areas of responsibility of coal mining licensees * dealing with property and historical liability issues; for example environmental projects, mine water treatment schemes and surface hazards relating to past coal mining * providing public access to information held by the Mining Remediation Authority on coal mining The Mining Remediation Authority changed its public name from the Coal Authority in November 2024. , the Coal Authority remains the legal name of the organisation, as set by law. Purpose The Mining Remediation Authority’s stated purpose is to: * keep people safe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Acts Of The Parliament Of The United Kingdom From 1987 ...
Public general acts Local acts Private and personal acts See also * List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom References * * * * Halsbury's Statutes of England. Third EditionBinder 57: Continuation Binder 1987 Butterworths. London. 1988. {{UK legislation 1987 Events January * January 1 – Bolivia reintroduces the Boliviano currency. * January 2 – Chadian–Libyan conflict – Battle of Fada: The Military of Chad, Chadian army destroys a Libyan armoured brigade. * January 3 – Afghan leader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bathymetry
Bathymetry (; ) is the study of underwater depth of ocean floors ('' seabed topography''), river floors, or lake floors. In other words, bathymetry is the underwater equivalent to hypsometry or topography. The first recorded evidence of water depth measurements are from Ancient Egypt over 3000 years ago. Bathymetry has various uses including the production of bathymetric charts to guide vessels and identify underwater hazards, the study of marine life near the floor of water bodies, coastline analysis and ocean dynamics, including predicting currents and tides. Bathymetric charts (not to be confused with '' hydrographic charts''), are typically produced to support safety of surface or sub-surface navigation, and usually show seafloor relief or terrain as contour lines (called '' depth contours'' or '' isobaths'') and selected depths ('' soundings''), and typically also provide surface navigational information. Bathymetric maps (a more general term where navigational safet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Continental Margin
A continental margin is the outer edge of continental crust abutting oceanic crust under coastal waters. It is one of the three major zones of the ocean floor, the other two being deep-ocean basins and mid-ocean ridges. The continental margin consists of three different features: the continental rise, the continental slope, and the continental shelf. Continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. Subzones The continental shelf is the relatively shallow water area found in proximity to continents; it is the portion of the continental margin that transitions from the shore out towards to ocean. Continental shelves are believed to make up 7% of the sea floor. The width of continental shelves worldwide varies in the range of 0.03–1500 km. The continental shelf is generally flat, and ends at the shelf break, where there is a drastic increase in slope angle: The mean angle of continental shelves worldwide is 0° 07′, and typically steeper closer to the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cod Wars
The Cod Wars (; also known as , ; ) were a series of 20th-century confrontations between the United Kingdom (with aid from West Germany) and Iceland about Exclusive economic zone, fishing rights in the North Atlantic. Each of the disputes ended with an Icelandic victory. Fishing industry in England, Fishing boats from Britain had been sailing to waters near Iceland in search of catch since the 14th century. Agreements struck during the 15th century started a centuries-long series of intermittent disputes between the two countries. Demand for seafood and consequent competition for fish stocks grew rapidly in the 19th century. The modern disputes began in 1952 after Iceland expanded its territorial waters from 3 to . The United Kingdom responded by banning Icelandic ships landing their fish in British ports. In 1958, Iceland expanded its territorial waters to and banned foreign fishing fleets. Britain refused to accept this decision, which led to a series of confrontations over 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrocarbon Exploration
Hydrocarbon exploration (or oil and gas exploration) is the search by petroleum geologists and geophysicists for hydrocarbon deposits, particularly petroleum and natural gas, in the Earth's crust using petroleum geology. Exploration methods Visible surface features such as oil seeps, natural gas seeps, pockmarks (underwater craters caused by escaping gas) provide basic evidence of hydrocarbon generation (be it shallow or deep in the Earth). However, most exploration depends on highly sophisticated technology to detect and determine the extent of these deposits using exploration geophysics. Areas thought to contain hydrocarbons are initially subjected to a gravity survey, magnetic survey, passive seismic or regional seismic reflection surveys to detect large-scale features of the sub-surface geology. Features of interest (known as ''leads'') are subjected to more detailed seismic surveys which work on the principle of the time it takes for reflected sound waves to travel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Of Sidra Incident (1989)
On 4 January 1989, two Grumman F-14A Tomcats of the United States Navy shot down two Libyan-operated Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23ML Flogger-G which the American aircrews believed were attempting to engage and attack them, as had happened eight years prior during the 1981 Gulf of Sidra incident. The engagement took place over the Mediterranean Sea, about north of Tobruk, Libya.Stanik 2003, p.229. Background In 1973, Libya claimed much of the Gulf of Sidra (south of Latitude 31° 30′) as its territorial waters and subsequently declared a "line of death", the crossing of which would invite a military response. The United States did not recognize Libya's territorial claims and continued to challenge the line, leading to military hostilities in August 1981 and March 1986. A terrorist attack in Germany which killed two American soldiers and one Turkish civilian on 5 April 1986 was linked to Libya and prompted the U.S. to carry out retaliatory air strikes against targets in Libya t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulf Of Sidra Incident (1981)
In the first Gulf of Sidra incident, 19 August 1981, two Libyan Sukhoi Su-17, Sukhoi Su-22M3 Fitter-G fired upon two United States, U.S. F-14 Tomcat, Grumman F-14A Tomcats and were subsequently shot down off the Libyan coast. Libya had claimed that the entire Gulf of Sidra, Gulf was their territory, at 32° 30′ N, with an exclusive fishing zone, which Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi asserted as "The Line of Death" in 1973. Two further incidents occurred in the area Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986), in 1986 and 1989 air battle near Tobruk, in 1989. Background In 1973, Libya claimed the Gulf of Sidra as a closed bay and part of its territorial waters."Congressional Research Service Issue Brief for Congress: Libya" (2002, April 10). Foreign Press Centers, U.S. Department of State, R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
