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Mammoth
A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus ''Mammuthus.'' They lived from the late Miocene epoch (from around 6.2 million years ago) into the Holocene until about 4,000 years ago, with mammoth species at various times inhabiting Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Mammoths are distinguished from living elephants by their (typically large) spirally twisted tusks and in some later species, the development of numerous adaptions to living in cold environments, including a thick layer of fur. Mammoths and Asian elephants are more closely related to each other than they are to African elephants. The oldest mammoth representative, '' Mammuthus subplanifrons'', appeared around 6 million years ago during the late Miocene in what is now southern and Eastern Africa.'''' Later in the Pliocene, by about three million years ago, mammoths dispersed into Eurasia, eventually covering most of Eurasia before migrating into North America around 1.5–1.3 million year ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woolly Mammoth
The woolly mammoth (''Mammuthus primigenius'') is an extinct species of mammoth that lived from the Middle Pleistocene until its extinction in the Holocene epoch. It was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with the African ''Mammuthus subplanifrons'' in the early Pliocene. The woolly mammoth began to diverge from the steppe mammoth about 800,000 years ago in Siberia. Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant. The Columbian mammoth (''Mammuthus columbi'') lived alongside the woolly mammoth in North America, and DNA studies show that the two Hybrid (biology), hybridised with each other. Mammoth remains were long known in Asia before they became known to Europeans. The origin of these remains was long debated and often explained as the remains of legendary creatures. The mammoth was identified as an extinct elephant species by Georges Cuvier in 1796. The appearance and behaviour of the woolly mammoth are among the best studied of any Prehistory, prehi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammuthus Columbi
A mammoth is any species of the extinct elephantid genus ''Mammuthus.'' They lived from the late Miocene epoch (from around 6.2 million years ago) into the Holocene until about 4,000 years ago, with mammoth species at various times inhabiting Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. Mammoths are distinguished from living elephants by their (typically large) spirally twisted tusks and in some later species, the development of numerous adaptions to living in cold environments, including a thick layer of fur. Mammoths and Asian elephants are more closely related to each other than they are to African elephants. The oldest mammoth representative, '' Mammuthus subplanifrons'', appeared around 6 million years ago during the late Miocene in what is now southern and Eastern Africa.'''' Later in the Pliocene, by about three million years ago, mammoths dispersed into Eurasia, eventually covering most of Eurasia before migrating into North America around 1.5–1.3 million years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammuthus Trogontherii
''Mammuthus trogontherii'', sometimes called the steppe mammoth, is an extinct species of mammoth that ranged over most of northern Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene, Early and Middle Pleistocene, approximately 1.7 million to 200,000 years ago. The evolution of the steppe mammoth marked the initial adaptation of the mammoth lineage towards cold environments, with the species probably being covered in a layer of fur. One of the largest mammoth species, it evolved in East Asia during the Early Pleistocene, around 1.7 million years ago, before migrating into North America around 1.3 million years ago, and into Europe during the Early/Middle Pleistocene transition, around 1 to 0.7 million years ago (replacing the earlier mammoth species ''Mammuthus meridionalis''). It was the ancestor of the woolly mammoth and Columbian mammoth of the later Pleistocene (as well as the dwarf Sardinian mammoth ''Mammuthus lamarmorai''). In Europe, its range overlapped with that of the temperate adapt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wrangel Island
Wrangel Island (, ; , , ) is an island of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is the List of islands by area, 92nd-largest island in the world and roughly the size of Crete. Located in the Arctic Ocean between the Chukchi Sea and East Siberian Sea, the island lies astride the 180th meridian, 180th meridian (geography), meridian. The International Date Line is therefore displaced eastwards at this latitude to keep the island, as well as the Chukchi Peninsula on the Russian mainland, on the same day as the rest of Russia. The closest land to Wrangel Island is the tiny and rocky Herald Island (Arctic), Herald Island located to the east.Kosko, M.K., M.P. Cecile, J.C. Harrison, V.G. Ganelin, N.V., Khandoshko, and B.G. Lopatin, 1993Geology of Wrangel Island, Between Chukchi and East Siberian Seas, Northeastern Russia.Bulletin 461, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa Ontario, 101 pp. Its straddling the 180th meridian makes its north shore at that point both the northeasternmost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammuthus Meridionalis
''Mammuthus meridionalis'', sometimes called the southern mammoth, is an extinct species of mammoth native to Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene. Reaching a size exceeding modern elephants, unlike later Eurasian mammoth species, it was largely native to temperate climates and probably did not have a thick layer of fur. First appearing around 2.5 million years ago, probably descending from '' Mammuthus rumanus'', it survived latest in Europe until around 800,000 years ago when it was replaced by the steppe mammoth (''Mammuthus trogontherii'') and the straight-tusked elephant (''Palaeoloxodon antiquus''). It is the likely ancestor of the dwarf '' Mammuthus creticus'' on the island of Crete. Taxonomy ''Mammuthus meridionalis'' was originally named by Filippo Nesti in 1825 as ''Elephas meridionalis'' based on remains collected from the Upper Valdarno region in Tuscany, Italy. The taxonomy of extinct elephants was complicated by the early 20th century, and in 1942, Henry Fairfi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammuthus Lamarmorai
''Mammuthus lamarmorai'' is a species of dwarf mammoth which lived during the late Middle and Late Pleistocene (between 450,000 and perhaps 40,000 years ago) on the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean. It has been estimated to have had a shoulder height of around . Remains have been found across the western part of the island. Description ''M. lamaromorai'' is only known from a small number of remains, including a fragmentary partial skeleton, and isolated finds of other bones. Of the few known molars only one represents the rearmost tooth, which is 13 cm long and 6.9 cm wide, with at least eleven ridges on the enamel.Maria Rita Palombo: ''Elephants in miniature.'' In: Harald Meller (ed.): ''Elefantenreich – Eine Fossilwelt in Europa.'' Halle/Saale, 2010, pp. 275–295 The humerus reaches a length of . The few discovered tusk fragments exhibit only a small maximum diameter of . The length of the femur indicates a shoulder height of . Weight estimates have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammuthus Rumanus
''Mammuthus rumanus'' is a species of mammoth that lived during the Pliocene in Eurasia. It the oldest mammoth species known outside of Africa. Evolution ''Mammuthus rumanus'' is suggested to have originated in Africa. Material intermediate between African mammoths and ''Mammuthus rumanus'' has been reported from Bethlehem in the Levant, dating to sometime in the Late Pliocene, around 3-4 million years ago. The oldest calibrated dates for ''Mammuthus rumanus'' and mammoths outside Africa are from Romania, dating to around 3.2 million years ago. Remains have been reported spanning from Britain to China. It is probably ancestral to ''Mammuthus meridionalis.''A.M. Lister, H. van Esse''Mammuthus rumanus'' (Stefanescu), the earliest mammoth in EuropeA. Petculescu, E. Ştiucá (Eds.), Advances in Palaeontology ‘Hen to Panta’, Romanian Academy, ‘Emil Racovita’ Institut of Speleology, Bucharest (2003), pp. 47-52 Description ''Mammuthus rumanus'' is only known from fragmentary r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammuthus Creticus
''Mammuthus creticus'', or the Cretan dwarf mammoth, is an extinct species of dwarf mammoth endemic to Crete sometime during the Early Pleistocene to early Middle Pleistocene. It is known from fragmentary remains found in caves on the north coast of the island. It is the smallest known dwarf mammoth and among smallest known dwarf elephantids, with an estimated shoulder height of around in adults. It was probably descended from the large mammoth ''Mammuthus meridionalis'' native to mainland Europe during the Early Pleistocene. Discoveries The type locality is Cape Malekas on the Akrotiri peninsula northeast of Chania, which probably dates to the Early Pleistocene or early Middle Pleistocene. Other possible remains have been reported from Koutalas Cave to the west. Description ''Mammuthus creticus'' is only known from fragmentary remains, including molar teeth, an incisor, a humerus, rib fragments, and a partial vertebra. With an estimated shoulder height of about and wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantidae
Elephantidae is a family (biology), family of large, herbivorous proboscidean mammals which includes the living Elephant, elephants (belonging to the genera ''Elephas'' and ''Loxodonta''), as well as a number of extinct genera like ''Mammuthus'' (mammoths) and ''Palaeoloxodon''. They are large terrestrial animal, terrestrial mammals with a snout modified into a Elephant#Trunk, trunk and teeth modified into tusks. Most Genus, genera and species in the family are extinction, extinct. The family was first described by John Edward Gray in 1821, and later assigned to taxonomic ranks within the order Proboscidea. Elephantidae has been revised by various authors to include or exclude other extinct proboscidean genera. Description Elephantids are distinguished from more basal proboscideans like gomphotheres by their teeth, which have parallel lophs, formed from the merger of the cusps found in the teeth of more basal proboscideans, which are bound by cementum. In later elephantids, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
