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Krai
A krai or kray (; , , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR. Etymologically, the word is related to the verb "" (''kroit'''), "to cut". Historically, krais were vast territories located along the periphery of the Russian state, since the word ''krai'' also means ''border'' or ''edge'', i.e., ''a place of the cut-off''. In English the term is often translated as "territory". , the administrative usage of the term is mostly traditional, as some oblasts also fit this description and there is no difference in constitutional legal status in Russia between the krais and the oblasts. See also * Krais of the Russian Empire * Krais of Russia * Governorate-General (Russian Empire), a general term for Krais, Oblasts, and special city municipalities in the Russian Empire *Oblast ;Foreign terms (in relation to the Russian "Krai") with similar designation *K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Subjects Of Russia
The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation () or simply as the subjects of the federation (), are the administrative division, constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions. According to the Constitution of Russia, the federation consists of republics of Russia, republics, krais of Russia, krais, oblasts of Russia, oblasts, federal cities of Russia, cities of federal importance, an Jewish Autonomous Oblast, autonomous oblast, and autonomous okrugs of Russia, autonomous okrugs, all of which are equal subjects of the federation. Every federal subject has its own governor (Russia), head, a regional parliaments of Russia, parliament, and a constitutional court. Each subject has its own constitution or charter and legislation, although the authority of these organs differ. Subjects have equal rights in relations with federal government bodies. The subjects have equal representation – two delegates each – in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krais Of Russia
A krai ( rus, край, r=kray, p=krai, t=region, edge) is a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation. The country is divided into 85 federal subjects, of which nine are krais. Oblasts, another type of federal subject, are legally identical to krais and the difference between a political entity with the name "krai" or "oblast" is purely traditional; both are constituent entities equivalent in legal status in Russia with representation in the Federation Council. During the Soviet era, the autonomous oblasts could be subordinated to republics or krais, but not to oblasts. Outside of political terminology, both words have a very similar general meaning ("region" or "area" in English) and can often be used interchangeably. When a distinction is desirable, "krai" is sometimes translated into English as "territory", (closer to "edge" in literal translation, what is more related with the March meaning as a "borderland") while "oblast" can variously be translated to "pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Divisions Of Russia
Russia is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions. Federal districts The federal districts are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia, federal subjects of Russia. Federal districts are not mentioned in the nation's constitution, do not have competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between the federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure governmental control over the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in the regions. The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000. There are total eight federal districts. Federal subjects Since 30 September 2022, the Russian Federation has consisted of eighty-nine federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation.Constitution, Article 65 However, six of these federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea (Russia), Republic of Crimea, the Donetsk People's Republic, the Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast, Kherson ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krais Of The Russian Empire
The Russian Empire at various times included the subdivisions known as ''krais'', either formally or informally. Some of these krais were: * Caucasus Krai * Turkestan Krai *Privislinsky Krai * Uriankhaisky Krai *Western Krai **Northwestern Krai **Southwestern Krai See also *Krais of Russia A krai ( rus, край, r=kray, p=krai, t=region, edge) is a type of federal subject of the Russian Federation. The country is divided into 85 federal subjects, of which nine are krais. Oblasts, another type of federal subject, are legall ... {{Russia-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people, article I. was a socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous Republics of the Soviet Union, constituent republic of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR, sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR.The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marches
In medieval Europe, a march or mark was, in broad terms, any kind of borderland, as opposed to a state's "heartland". More specifically, a march was a border between realms or a neutral buffer zone under joint control of two states in which different laws might apply. In both of these senses, marches served a political purpose, such as providing warning of military incursions or regulating cross-border trade. Marches gave rise to the titles marquess (masculine) or marchioness (feminine). Etymology The word "march" derives ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European root *''merg-'', meaning "edge, boundary". The root *''merg-'' produced Latin ''margo'' ("margin"), Old Irish ''mruig'' ("borderland"), Welsh ''bro'' ("region, border, valley") and Persian and Armenian '' marz'' ("borderland"). The Proto-Germanic ''*marko'' gave rise to the Old English word ''mearc'' and Frankish ''marka'', as well as Old Norse ''mǫrk'' meaning "borderland, forest", and derived from ''merki'' "boundary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Governorate-General (Russian Empire)
Governorates-General () were a type of administrative-territorial division in the Russian Empire from 1775 to 1917. Governorates-General usually comprised a set of guberniyas and oblasts. The term was occasionally used to refer to krais or military guberniyas. Moscow and Saint-Petersburg Governorates were placed into a separate governorate-general. Description Governorates-General were governed by governor-general, governors-general, military leaders of a territory. Governors-General supervised governors, but did not directly participate in the administration of their subordinated guberniyas, except for Moscow and Saint-Petersburg. List of Governorates-General * Governorate-General of Saint-Petersburg * Governorate-General of Moscow * Governorate-General of Azov * Belorussian Governorate-General (1775–1856) * Siberian Governorate-General (1802–1822) ** East-Siberian Governorate-General (1822–1884), split *** Vladivostok Military Guberniya (April 28 – June 9, 1880) (Eugén ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oblast
An oblast ( or ) is a type of administrative division in Bulgaria and several post-Soviet states, including Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Historically, it was used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. The term ''oblast'' is often translated into English language, English as 'region' or 'province'. In some countries, oblasts are also known by cognates of the Russian term. Etymology The term ''oblast'' is Loanword, borrowed from Russian language, Russian область (), where it is inherited from Old East Slavic, in turn borrowed from Church Slavonic область ''oblastĭ'' 'power, empire', formed from the prefix (cognate with Classical Latin ''ob'' 'towards, against' and Ancient Greek ἐπί/ἔπι ''epi'' 'in power, in charge') and the stem ''vlastǐ'' 'power, rule'. In Old East Slavic, it was used alongside ''obolostǐ''—the equivalent of 'against' and 'territory, state, power' (cognate with English 'wield'; see volost). History Russian Empire In the Russia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraj
A '' Kraj'' ( ''kraje'') is the highest-level administrative unit in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. For lack of other English expressions, the Slavic term is often translated as "province", "region", or "territory", although it approximately means "(part of) country", or "(part of) countryside". A ''kraj'' is subdivided into ''okresy'' ("districts"). The first ''kraje'' were created in the Kingdom of Bohemia during the reign of Charles IV in the 14th century and they lasted till 1862/68. ''Kraje'' were reintroduced in 1949 in Czechoslovakia and still exist today (except for the early 1990s) in its successor states despite many rearrangements. In Russia nine of the 85 federal subjects are called krais (, ''kraya''), coequal to oblasts. The toponym Krajina refers to several historical regions in Slavic countries. Kraje in the Czech Republic Kraje in Slovakia Toponymy Kraj is also found as a toponym outside of Czech- and Slovak-speaking areas. * Almaški ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krajina
Krajina () is a Slavic languages, Slavic toponym, meaning 'country' or 'march (territory), march'. The term is related to ''kraj'' or ''krai'', originally meanings ''land'', ''country'' or ''edge''Rick Derksen (2008), ''Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon'', Brill: Leiden-Boston, page 244 and today denoting a region or province, usually remote from urban centers. Etymology The Serbo-Croatian word ''krajina'' derives from Proto-Slavic *''krajina'', derived from *''krajь'', related to *''krojiti'' 'to cut';''*krajina'' in Oleg Trubačóv (ed.) (1974–), ''Этимологический словарь славянских языков'' [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages], Moscow: Nauka, volume 12, pages 87-88 the original meaning of ''krajina'' thus seems to have been 'place at an edge, fringe, borderland', as reflected in the meanings of Church Slavonic , '. In Old East Slavic: Ѹкраина/Ꙋкраина, romanized: Oukraina [uˈkrɑjinɑ]) appear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Name Of Ukraine
The earliest known usage of the name ''Ukraine'' ( , , ; ) appears in the Hypatian Codex of 1425 under the year 1187 in reference to a part of the territory of Kievan Rus'. The use of "the Ukraine" has been officially deprecated by the Ukrainian government and many English-language media publications. ''Ukraine'' is the official full name of the country, as stated in Ukrainian Declaration of Independence, its declaration of independence and Constitution of Ukraine, its constitution; there is no official alternative long name. From 1922 until 1991, ''Ukraine'' was the informal name of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union (annexed by Germany as during 1941–1944). After the Russian Revolution in 1917–1921, there were the short-lived Ukrainian People's Republic and Ukrainian State, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers), recognized in early 1918 as consisting of nine governorates of the former Russian Empire (without Taurida Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
