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Irfan
In Islam, irfan (Arabic/ Persian/Urdu: ; ), literally 'knowledge, awareness, wisdom', is a concept in Islamic mysticism akin to gnosis, or spiritual knowledge. Sunni mysticism According to the founder of the Qadiriyya Sufi order, Abdul Qadir Gilani ''irfan'' is the acknowledgement of God's unity. This acceptance is achieved by studying under Islamic scholars who give insight on the internal meanings of Islamic rituals, such as the salah. Reflection upon the practice of Islam with the guidance of respected Islamic scholars is a form of "nearness to God". Shi'ite mysticism Ali al-Sistani defines true ''irfan'' as the practice of reciting prescribed duas (prayers) taught by the Twelve Imams, praying the night prayer, and seeking God's pleasure through mustahabb (recommended) actions. Among the best-known modern Shia proponents of ''irfan'' were Usuli theologians Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai, Ruhollah Khomeini Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Irfan (name)
Irfan (also transliterated as Erfan, ) is an Arabic/Persian male given name, meaning "knowledge", "awareness", "learning", and "wisdom". Given name Irfan * Irfan Khan (born 1982), Pakistani singer * Irfan Ahmed (born 1989), Pakistani cricketer * Irfan Bachdim (born 1988), Indonesian footballer * İrfan Başaran (born 1989), Turkish footballer * Irfan Habib (born 1931), Indian Marxist historian of ancient and medieval India * Irfan Husain (1944-2020), Pakistani writer and journalist * İrfan Kahveci (born 1995), Turkish footballer * Irfan Khan (actor) (1967-2020), Indian actor * Irfan Khoosat Irfan Khoosat (Punjabi language, Punjabi, ) (born 9 June 1952) is a Pakistani actor, director, producer and comedian. He is famous for his comic role as ''Hawaldar Karamdad'' in the TV series ''Andhera Ujala'' (1984–1985) in which he portraye ... (born 1952), Pakistani actor, producer and comedian * Irfan Ljubijankić (1952-1995), Bosnian doctor and surgeon, classical music co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Urdu Language
Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India, Eighth Schedule language, the status and cultural heritage of which are recognised by the Constitution of India. Quote: "The Eighth Schedule recognizes India's national languages as including the major regional languages as well as others, such as Sanskrit and Urdu, which contribute to India's cultural heritage. ... The original list of fourteen languages in the Eighth Schedule at the time of the adoption of the Constitution in 1949 has now grown to twenty-two." Quote: "As Mahapatra says: "It is generally believed that the significance for the Eighth Schedule lies in providing a list of languages from which Hindi is directed to draw the appropriate forms, style and expressions for its enrichment" ... Being recognized in the Constitution, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Husayn Tabatabai
Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (; 16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was an Iranian scholar, theorist, philosopher and one of the most prominent thinkers of modern Shia Islam. He is perhaps best known for his '' Tafsir al-Mizan'', a twenty-seven-volume work of tafsir (Quranic exegesis), which he produced between 1954 and 1972. He is commonly known as Allameh Tabataba'i and the Allameh Tabataba'i University in Tehran is named after him. Biography He received his earlier education in his native Tabriz, mastering the elements of Arabic and the religious sciences, and at about the age of twenty set out for the Shiite seminary of Najaf to continue more advanced studies. He studied under masters such as Ali Tabatabaei (in gnosis), Mirza Muhammad Husain Na'ini, Sheykh Muhammad Hossein Qaravi Esfahani (in Fiqh and Jurisprudence), Sayyid Abu'l-Qasim Khwansari (in Mathematics), as well as studying the standard texts of Avicenna's ''Shifa'', the ''Asfar'' of Sadr al-Din Shirazi, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma'rifa
In Sufism, maʿrifa ("experiential knowledge" or " gnosis") is the mystical understanding of God or Divine Reality. It has been described as an immediate recognition and understanding of the true nature of things as they are. Ma'rifa encompasses a deep understanding of the ultimate Truth, which is essentially God, and extends to the comprehension of all things in their connection to God. Sufi mystics attain maʿrifa by embarking on a spiritual journey, typically consisting of various stages referred to as "stations" and "states." In the state of ma'rifa, the mystic transcends the temptations of the self and is absorbed in God, experiencing a sense of alienation from their own self. The term arif'', "gnostic" has been used to designate advanced mystics who have attained the spiritual station of ''ma'rifa''. Concept Ma'rifa is a central tenet of Sufism that embodies the notions of "gnosis" or "experiential knowledge." It is considered the ultimate pinnacle of the spiritual path. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnosis
Gnosis is the common Greek noun for knowledge ( γνῶσις, ''gnōsis'', f.). The term was used among various Hellenistic religions and philosophies in the Greco-Roman world. It is best known for its implication within Gnosticism, where it signifies a spiritual knowledge or insight into humanity's real nature as divine, leading to the deliverance of the divine spark within humanity from the constraints of earthly existence. Etymology ''Gnosis'' is a feminine Greek noun which means "knowledge" or "awareness." Liddell Scottbr>entryγνῶσις, εως, ἡ, A. seeking to know, inquiry, investigation, esp. judicial, "τὰς τῶν δικαστηρίων γ." D.18.224; "τὴν κατὰ τοῦ διαιτητοῦ γdeetr." Id.21.92, cf. 7.9, Lycurg.141; "γ. περὶ τῆς δίκης" PHib.1.92.13 (iii B. C.). 2. result of investigation, decision, PPetr.3p.118 (iii B. C.). II. knowing, knowledge, Heraclit.56; opp. ἀγνωσίη, Hp. Vict.1.23 (dub.); opp. ἄγ� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hikmah
''Hikmah'' (also ''Hikmat'', , '')'' is an Arabic word that means wisdom, sagacity, philosophy, rationale or underlying reason. The Quran mentions "hikmah" in various places, where it is understood as knowledge and understanding of the Quran, fear of God, and a means of nourishing the spirit or intellect. Hikmah is sometimes associated with prophethood, faith, intelligence ( 'aql), comprehension (fahm), or the power of rational demonstration. In the Quran, God bestows wisdom upon whomever He chooses, and various individuals including the House of Abraham, David, Joseph, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad and Luqman are said to have received wisdom. The Quran also uses the term hikmah in connection with the Book or the scripture in general. The Quran also refers to itself as the Wise Book, and refers to God as The Wise in several places. Hadith literature also emphasizes the importance of acquiring hikmah, which is believed to have been reflected in the sunnah of the Prophet. Ibn Sina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world's Major religious groups, second-largest religious population after Christians. Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a Fitra, primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets and messengers, including Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, and Jesus in Islam, Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God in Islam, God and the unaltered, final revelation. Alongside the Quran, Muslims also believe in previous Islamic holy books, revelations, such as the Torah in Islam, Tawrat (the Torah), the Zabur (Psalms), and the Gospel in Islam, Injil (Gospel). They believe that Muhammad in Islam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Usuli
Usulism () is the majority school of Twelver Shia Islam in opposition to the minority Akhbarism. The Usulis favor the use of (reasoning) in the creation of new rules of jurisprudence; in assessing hadith to exclude traditions they believe unreliable; and in considering it obligatory to obey a ''mujtahid'' when seeking to determine Islamically correct behavior. Since the crushing of the Akhbaris in the late 18th century, it has been the dominant school of Twelver Shi'a and now forms an overwhelming majority within the Twelver Shia denomination. The name ''Usuli'' derives from the term '' Uṣūl al-fiqh'' (principles of jurisprudence). In Usuli thought, there are four valid sources of law: the Quran, hadith, ijma' and 'aql. Ijma' refers to a unanimous consensus. Aql, in Shia jurisprudence, is applied to four practical principles which are applied when other religious proofs are not applicable: ''bara'at'' (immunity), '' ihtiyat'' (recommended precautions), ''takhyir'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcendent Theosophy
Transcendent theosophy or al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah (حكمت متعاليه), the doctrine and philosophy developed by Persian philosopher Mulla Sadra (d.1635 CE), is one of two main disciplines of Islamic philosophy that are currently live and active. Overview The expression ''al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah'' comprises two terms: ''al-hikmat'' (meaning literally, ''wisdom''; and technically, ''philosophy'', and by contextual extension ''theosophy'') and ''muta’āliyah'' (meaning ''exalted'' or ''transcendent''). This school of Mulla Sadra in Islamic philosophy is usually called al-hikmat al-muta’āliyah. It is a most appropriate name for his school, not only for historical reasons, but also because the doctrines of Mulla Sadra are both hikmah or theosophy in its original sense and an intellectual vision of the transcendent which leads to the Transcendent Itself. So Mulla Sadra’s school is transcendent for both historical and metaphysical reasons. When Mulla Sadra talked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Tabatabaei
Ali Qazi Tabatabai, also known as "Allamah Qadi" and "Ayatollah Qazi" (1866–1947 CE; 1285–1366 AH), was an Iranian Ulama, alim (Islamic scholar) and mystic. He was the son of Husseyn and was born in Tabriz, Iran. He was born on 29 April 1866 in Tabriz. His father Sayyed Hosein Qazi was a prominent pupil of the grand Mirza Shirazi. His maternal grandfather, Mirza Mohsen, was a great jurist. Teachers He learned under supervision of great scholars. Some of them were: Mirza Mousa Tabrizi, Muhammad Ali Qarcheh Daghi, Sayyed Hosein Qazi, Mirza Muhammad Taqi Tabrizi. Muhammad Kazem Khorasani ( Akhoond Khorasani), Mirza Fathollah Shariati, Mirza Hosein Tehrani, Sheykh Muhammad Kazem Yazdi, Fazel Sharabyani, Sheykh Muhammad Bahari and Sayyed Ahmad Karbalaei. Students Some of his Students included: Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, Allameh Sayyed Muhammad Hossein Tabatabaei,Shining Sun [in Memory of Allamah Tabataba'i (A translation of Mihr-i-Taban)], by Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Husayni T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassan Hassanzadeh Amoli
Hasan Hasanzade Amoli (: 10 February, 1927 – 25 September, 2021) was an Iranian Schools of Islamic theology#Shia schools of theology, Shi'ite theologian known for his Mysticism, mystical tendencies and Islamic philosophy. He was among clerics who overcame the traditional opposition to teaching philosophy courses at Hawza, Shi'ite seminaries. He wrote many books in philosophy, mysticism, mathematics, astronomy, Persian and Arabic literature. He interpreted the Islamic philosophical tradition in a similar way to Mulla Sadra, which is a reconciliation of religion, reason and mysticism. His books include ''Sharh fusus al-hikam'', ''Tashih nahj al-balagha'', ''Insan dar 'urf-i 'irfan'', ''Tashih kalila wa dimna''. He died on Saturday, 25 September 2021, at the age of 94. Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, Ayatollah Khamenei offered prayers on his body. Hassanzadeh Amoli was elected as one of the "Immortal figures of Iran" in 2003. Hassanzadeh-Amoli was father-in-law of Iranian cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad-Taqi Bahjat Foumani () (24 August 1916 – 17 May 2009) was an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. Biography Ayatullah Mohammad-Taqi was born on 24 August 1916 in the Fouman, Gilan province in the north of Iran. Mohammad's mother died when he was at an early age and he lived with father. Bahjat's father sold cookies to gain as income. He started his primary education from Fouman. At the age 14, he went to Karbala then Najaf, Iraq to continue his advanced education. After returning to Iran on 1945, he resided in Qom and at the Qom Seminary, Mohammad-Taqi taught jurisprudence and theology. Teachers While he lived in Najaf, he was a student of Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani, Shaikh Muhammad Kadhim Shirazi, Mirza Hussein Naini, Agha Zia Addin Araghi, and Shaikh Muhammad Hussain al-Gharawi. Also, Ali Tabatabaei (known as Ayatollah Qadhi) was his teacher in spirituality and gnosticism. In Qom, he attended the class of Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi. Students ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
