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Implosive
Implosive consonants are a group of stop consonants (and possibly also some affricates) with a mixed glottalic ingressive and pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. That is, the airstream is controlled by moving the glottis downward in addition to expelling air from the lungs. Therefore, unlike the purely glottalic ejective consonants, implosives can be modified by phonation. Contrastive implosives are found in approximately 13% of the world's languages. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, implosives are indicated by modifying the top of a letter (voiced stop) with a rightward-facing hook: . Articulation During the occlusion of the stop, pulling the glottis downward rarefies the air in the vocal tract. The stop is then released. In languages whose implosives are particularly salient, that may result in air rushing into the mouth before it flows out again with the next vowel. To take in air sharply in that way is to implode a sound. However, probably more typically, there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Airstream Mechanism
In phonetics, the airstream mechanism is the method by which airflow is created in the vocal tract. Along with phonation and articulation, it is one of three main components of speech production. The airstream mechanism is mandatory for most sound production and constitutes the first part of this process, which is called initiation. The organ generating the airstream is called the ''initiator'' and there are three initiators used phonemically in non-disordered human oral languages: * the diaphragm together with the ribs and lungs ''(pulmonic'' mechanisms), * the glottis ''(glottalic'' mechanisms), and * the tongue ''(lingual'' or ''"velaric"'' mechanisms). There are also methods of making sounds that do not require the glottis. These mechanisms are collectively called alaryngeal speech mechanisms (none of these speech mechanisms are used in non-disordered speech): * the cheeks ''(buccal'' mechanisms, notated in VoQS). See buccal speech. * after a laryngectomy, the esophagus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. The IPA is used by linguists, lexicography, lexicographers, foreign language students and teachers, speech–language pathology, speech–language pathologists, singers, actors, constructed language creators, and translators. The IPA is designed to represent those qualities of speech that are part of lexical item, lexical (and, to a limited extent, prosodic) sounds in oral language: phone (phonetics), phones, Intonation (linguistics), intonation and the separation of syllables. To represent additional qualities of speechsuch as tooth wikt:gnash, gnashing, lisping, and sounds made with a cleft lip and cleft palate, cleft palatean extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet, extended set of symbols may be used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Bilabial Implosive
The voiced bilabial implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is b_<. Features Features of the voiced bilabial implosive: Occurrence See also * Index of phonetics articles * Voiceless bilabial implosive The voiceless bilabial implosive is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is or . A dedicated IPA letter, , was withdrawn in 1993. Features Featur ... * B̤ē Notes References * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * {{IPA navigation Bilabial consonants Implosives Voiced oral consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ejective Consonant
In phonetics, ejective consonants are usually voiceless consonants that are pronounced with a Airstream mechanism#Glottalic initiation, glottalic egressive airstream. In the phonology of a particular language, ejectives may contrast with Aspirated consonant, aspirated, voiced and tenuis consonants. Some languages have glottalized sonorants with creaky voice that pattern with ejectives phonologically, and other languages have ejectives that pattern with Implosive consonant, implosives, which has led to phonologists positing a phonological class of glottalic consonants, which includes ejectives. Description In producing an ejective, the stylohyoid muscle and digastric muscle contract, causing the hyoid bone and the connected glottis to rise, and the forward articulation (at the velum in the case of ) is held, raising air pressure greatly in the mouth so when the oral articulators separate, there is a dramatic burst of air. The Adam's apple may be seen moving when the sound is prono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Retroflex Implosive
The voiced retroflex implosive is a type of consonantal sound. Wadiyara Koli phonemically distinguishes it from the alveolar . Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation, while Oromo, Saraiki and Ngad'a have but not . The 'implicit' symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is (a D with a tail for retroflex and a hook-top for implosive).''Handbook of the International Phonetic Association'', 1999, p. 166, 179.Kirk Miller & Michael AshbyL2/20-252RUnicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic Features Features of the voiced retroflex implosive: Occurrence See also * List of phonetics topics A * Acoustic phonetics * Active articulator * Affricate * Airstream mechanism * Alexander John Ellis * Alexander Melville Bell * Alfred C. Gimson * Allophone * Alveolar approximant () * Alveolar click () * Alveolar consonant * Alveolar e ... References External links * {{IPA navigation Implosives Central consonan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Palatal Implosive
The voiced palatal implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is J\_<. Typographically, the IPA symbol is a dotless lowercase letter ''j'' with a horizontal stroke that was initially created by turning the type for a lowercase letter ''f'' (the symbol for the voiced palatal stop) and a rightward hook (the diacritic for implosives). A very similar-looking letter, (an with a tail), is used in Ewe for . Features Features of the voiced palatal implosive: Occurrence See also * List of phonetics topics A * Acoustic phonetics * Active articulator * Affricate * Airstream mechanism * Alexander John Ellis * Alexander Melville Bell * Alfred C. Gimson * Allophone * Alveolar approximant () * Alveolar click () * Alveolar consonant * Alveolar e ... * Voiceless palatal implosive Notes References * * * * External link ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Alveolar Implosive
The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The IPA symbol is lowercase letter ''d'' with a rightward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter. The voiced dental implosive may be found in the Jhangvi dialect of Punjabi and has the symbol . Features Features of the voiced alveolar implosive: Occurrence Alveolar Dental See also * Index of phonetics articles A * Acoustic phonetics * Active articulator * Affricate * Airstream mechanism * Alexander John Ellis * Alexander Melville Bell * Alfred C. Gimson * Allophone * Alveolar approximant () * Alveolar click () * Alveolar consonant * Alveolar ej ... * Voiceless alveolar implosive Notes References * * * * * * * * * External links * {{IPA navigation Alveolar consonants Implosives Central consonants Voiced oral consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Velar Implosive
The voiceless velar implosive is a very rare consonantal sound. The symbol for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation ... is or . A dedicated IPA letter, , was withdrawn in 1993. Features Features of the voiceless velar implosive: Occurrence A phonemic has not been confirmed for any language. It has been claimed for Lendu, but it is more likely to be creaky-voiced , as in Hausa. Some English speakers use a voiceless velar implosive to imitate the " glug-glug" sound of liquid being poured from a bottle, though others use a voiced implosive [] or an uvular one [].Pike, ''Phonetics,'' 1943:40 In Uspantek language, Uspantek, and perhaps other Mayan languages of Guatemala, is a rare allophone of . Of the consona ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Palatal Implosive
The voiceless palatal implosive is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation ... that represents this sound is or . A dedicated IPA letter, , was withdrawn in 1993. Features Features of the voiceless palatal implosive: Occurrence See also * Voiced palatal implosive References External links * {{IPA navigation Palatal consonants Implosives Voiceless oral consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Alveolar Implosive
The voiceless alveolar implosive is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is or . A dedicated IPA letter, , was withdrawn in 1993. Features Features of the voiceless alveolar implosive: Occurrence See also * Voiced alveolar implosive The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is . The IPA symbol is lowercase letter ''d'' with a rightward hook protru ... References Works cited * External links * {{IPA navigation Alveolar consonants Implosives Voiceless oral consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiceless Bilabial Implosive
The voiceless bilabial implosive is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is or . A dedicated IPA letter, , was withdrawn in 1993. Features Features of the voiceless bilabial implosive: Occurrence A rare and evidently unstable sound, is found in the Serer of Senegal and in the Owere dialect of Igbo in Nigeria. It can also be found in Ngiti in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is also found in multiple Mayan languages The Mayan languages In linguistics, it is conventional to use ''Mayan'' when referring to the languages, or an aspect of a language. In other academic fields, ''Maya'' is the preferred usage, serving as both a singular and plural noun, and a ..., such as Kaqchikel, Mam, and Akatek. See also * Voiced bilabial implosive References Works cited * External links * {{IPA navigation Bilabial consonants Implosives Voiceless oral co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voiced Uvular Implosive
The voiced uvular implosive is an extremely rare type of consonantal sound. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , a small capital letter G with a rightward pointing hook extending from the upper right of the letter. Features Here are the features of the voiced uvular implosive: Occurrence See also * List of phonetics topics * Voiceless uvular implosive The voiceless uvular implosive is a rare consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is or . A dedicated IPA letter, , was withdrawn in 1993. Features Occ ... Notes References * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Voiced Uvular Implosive Uvular consonants Implosives Central consonants Voiced oral consonants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
