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Hīkoi
A ''hīkoi'' is a walk or march, and especially a protest march, in New Zealand. The word comes from the Māori language, and often implies a long journey taking many days or weeks. The most famous hīkoi was the 1975 Māori land march, on which supporters and protestors travelled the length of the North Island, from Te Hāpua to Parliament in Wellington, organised by Whina Cooper. In 2004, a large hīkoi was organised during the 2004 foreshore and seabed controversy in opposition to the nationalisation of New Zealand's foreshore and seabed along the coastline. Marchers travelled on foot through cities and towns and in motor vehicles in rural areas. A hīkoi with between 500 and 700 participants took place in Auckland on 25 May 2009, following an indication by the National government that it would not heed a royal commission recommendation that the proposed council for the Auckland supercity include dedicated Māori seats. The hīkoi mō te Tiriti protesting the Treaty P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hīkoi Mō Te Tiriti
were protests in New Zealand against the Treaty Principles Bill that occurred from 10 November to 19 November 2024. The bill would redefine the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi. The bill was introduced in November 2024 by the Right-wing politics, right-wing coalition government as a key policy goal of David Seymour (leader of the libertarian ACT New Zealand, ACT party). Seymour rejected the idea that the Treaty of Waitangi was a partnership between the New Zealand Crown and Māori iwi. He also argued that the original treaty did not sufficiently define the legal rights of New Zealanders, and that this had never been rectified. Seymour is himself of Māori descent. The bill provoked opposition from several disparate groups, including senior lawyers, opposition parties and supporters of Māori rights. Opponents argue that Māori rights would be eroded and that insufficient consultation took place; proponents say the bill would enshrine equal rights for all New Zealanders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Principles Bill
The Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi Bill, commonly known as the Treaty Principles Bill, was a government bill (law), government Bill introduced by David Seymour of the ACT New Zealand party. It aimed to define the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi and put them to a nationwide referendum for confirmation. The Bill was promoted by ACT, who campaigned against the co-governance policies of the Sixth Labour Government of New Zealand, Sixth Labour Government and advocated a binding referendum on co-governance. ACT and Seymour said the current principles had distorted the original intent of the treaty and created different rights for some New Zealanders, resulting in Māori people, Māori having different political and legal rights and privileges compared to non-Māori, and provided an opportunity for New Zealand Parliament, Parliament, rather than the courts, to define the principles of the treaty. A 1News-Verian poll conducted from 30 November to 4 December 2024 showed that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Foreshore And Seabed Controversy
The New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy is a debate in the politics of New Zealand. It concerns the ownership of the country's foreshore and seabed, with many Māori groups claiming that Māori have a rightful claim to title ( indigenous title). These claims are based around historical possession and the Treaty of Waitangi. On 18 November 2004, the New Zealand Parliament passed a law which deems the title to be held by the Crown. This law, the Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, was enacted on 24 November 2004. Some sections of the act came into force on 17 January 2005. It was repealed and replaced by the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011. Origins ''Ngati Apa v Attorney-General'' In 1997, an application was made to the Māori Land Court requesting, amongst other matters, that "the foreshore and seabed of the Marlborough Sounds, extending the limits of New Zealand's territorial sea" be defined as Māori customary land under the Te Ture Whenua Māori A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māori Protest Movement
The Māori protest movement is a broad indigenous rights movement in New Zealand (). While there was a range of conflicts between Māori and Pākehā, European immigrants prior to the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, the signing provided one reason for protesting. Disagreements in the decades following the signing sometimes included New Zealand Wars, war. In its modern form, the Māori protest movement emerged in the early 1970s as part of a broader Māori renaissance and has focused on issues such as the redressing Treaty of Waitangi grievances, Māori land-rights, the Māori language, Māori culture, culture, and racism in New Zealand. It has generally allied with the Left-wing politics, left-wing, although it differs from the mainstream left in a number of ways. Most members of the movement have been Māori people, Māori but it has attracted some support from non-Māori New Zealanders and from other indigenous peoples around the world. Notable successes of the mov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māori Land March
The Māori land march of 1975 was a protest led by the group , created by Dame Whina Cooper. The hīkoi (march) started in Northland on 14 September, travelled the length of the North Island, and arrived at the parliament building in Wellington on 13 October 1975. The purpose of the march was to protest the loss of Māori rights and land through the actions of (Europeans). Over the course of the march it grew from 50 to approximately 5,000 people. Background In 1953, the government under Prime Minister Sidney Holland introduced the Maori Affairs Act to enable the use of what was called "unproductive Māori land". Applicants to the Māori Land Court could apply to have land vested in trustee ownership. The Maori Affairs Amendment Act 1967 introduced compulsory conversion of Māori freehold land with four or fewer owners into general land. It increased the powers of the Māori Trustee to compulsorily acquire and sell so-called uneconomic interests in Māori land. Māori wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māori People
Māori () are the Indigenous peoples of Oceania, indigenous Polynesians, Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand. Māori originated with settlers from East Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of Māori migration canoes, canoe voyages between roughly 1320 and 1350. Over several centuries in isolation, these settlers developed Māori culture, a distinct culture, whose language, mythology, crafts, and performing arts evolved independently from those of other eastern Polynesian cultures. Some early Māori moved to the Chatham Islands, where their descendants became New Zealand's other indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, the Moriori. Early contact between Māori and Europeans, starting in the 18th century, ranged from beneficial trade to lethal violence; Māori actively adopted many technologies from the newcomers. With the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, Treaty of Waitangi/Te Tiriti o Waitangi in 1840, the two cultures coexisted for a generation. Rising ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Whina Cooper
Dame Whina Cooper (born Hōhepine Te Wake; 9 December 1895 – 26 March 1994) was a New Zealand ( Māori elder), who worked for many years for the rights of her people, and particularly to improve the lot of Māori women. She is remembered for leading the 1975 Māori land march from Te Hāpua to Wellington, a distance of , at the age of 79. Her wide influence and nationally recognised activity led her to be acknowledged with awards in both the British (Imperial) and New Zealand Royal Honours Systems, and by her own people, who bestowed the title ('Mother of the Nation') upon her. She is the subject of the 2022 film '' Whina''. Early life Whina Cooper was born Hōhepine Te Wake, daughter of community leader and Catholic catechist Heremia Te Wake and Kare Pauro Kawatihi, of the Te Rarawa iwi, at Te Karaka, Hokianga. From an early age, she showed an interest in her father's role, and in history and genealogy. Her education began at Whakarapa Native School. In 1907, she ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protests In New Zealand
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public act of objection, disapproval or dissent against political advantage. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass political demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. When protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as civil resistance or nonviolent resistance. Various forms of self-expression and protest are sometimes restricted by government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māori Politics
Māori politics () is the politics of the Māori people, who were the original inhabitants of New Zealand and who are now the country's largest minority. Before the arrival of Pākehā (Europeans) in New Zealand, Māori society was based largely around tribal units, and chiefs (') provided political leadership. With the British settlers of the 19th century came a new British-style government. From the outset, Māori sought representation within this government, seeing it as a vital way to promote their people's rights and improve living standards. Modern Māori politics can be seen as a subset of New Zealand politics in general, but has a number of distinguishing features, including advocacy for indigenous rights and Māori sovereignty. Many Māori politicians are members of major, historically European-dominated political parties, while others have formed separate Māori parties. For example, Te Pāti Māori, holding six of seven Māori electorates, is one such party. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hapū
In Māori language, Māori and New Zealand English, a ' ("subtribe", or "clan") functions as "the basic political unit within Māori society". A Māori person can belong to or have links to many hapū. Historically, each hapū had its own chief and normally operated independently of its iwi (tribe). Etymology The word literally means "pregnant", and its usage in a socio-political context is a metaphor for the genealogical connection that unites hapū members. Similarly, the Māori word for land, , can also mean "placenta", metaphorically indicating the connection between people and land, and the Māori word for tribe, iwi, can also mean "bones", indicating a link to ancestors. Definition As named divisions of (tribes), hapū membership is determined by genealogical descent; a hapū consists of a number of (extended family) groups. The Māori scholar Sidney Moko Mead, Hirini Moko Mead states the double meanings of the word hapū emphasise the importance of being born into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nga Wai Hono I Te Po
Nga wai hono i te po (born 13 January 1997) has been the Māori King movement, Māori queen since 2024, when 2024 Kīngitanga election, she was elected to succeed her father King Tūheitia. The youngest child and only daughter of Tūheitia, she is a direct descendant of the first Māori king, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, who was installed in 1858. Titled Te Arikinui Kuīni, she is the eighth monarch and the second queen of the . Nga wai hono i te po was born into the Kīngitanga royal family during the reign of her paternal grandmother Te Atairangikaahu, Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu. Her parents are Kīngi Tūheitia Pōtatau Te Wherowhero VII and Queen consort, Makau Ariki Atawhai Paki. Her early life was steeped in the cultural and spiritual practices of the Māori people, with a particular focus on the traditions of the Kīngitanga movement. Following the Death of Tūheitia, death of her father, Nga wai hono i te po was selected as the Māori queen by a ''wānanga'' (forum) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
