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Group Representation Constituencies
A group representation constituency (GRC) is a type of electoral division or constituency in Singapore in which teams of candidates, instead of individual candidates, compete to be elected into Parliament as the Members of Parliament (MPs) for the constituency. Synonymous to the party block voting (PBV) or the general ticket used in other countries, the Government stated that the GRC scheme was primarily implemented to enshrine minority representation in Parliament: at least one of the MPs in a GRC must be a member of the Malay, Indian or another minority community of Singapore. In addition, it was economical for town councils, which manage public housing estates, to handle larger constituencies. The GRC scheme came into effect on 1 June 1988, and was first introduced at the general election that same year. Prior to that date, all constituencies were Single Member Constituencies (SMCs). The Parliamentary Elections Act (Cap. 218, 2008 Rev. Ed.) ("PEA") states that there must b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawi Alphabet
Jawi (; ; ; ) is a writing system used for writing several languages of Southeast Asia, such as Acehnese language, Acehnese, Banjarese language, Banjarese, Betawi language, Betawi, Maguindanao language, Magindanao, Malay language, Malay, Maranao language, Mëranaw, Minangkabau language, Minangkabau, Tausug language, Tausūg, Ternate language, Ternate and many other languages in Southeast Asia. Jawi is based on the Arabic script, consisting of all 31 original Arabic letters, six letters constructed to fit phonemes native to Malay, and one additional phoneme used in foreign loanwords, but not found in Classical Arabic, which are ''ca'' ( ), ''nga'' ( ), ''pa'' ( ), ''ga'' ( ), ''va'' ( ), and ''nya'' ( ). Jawi was developed during the Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia, advent of Islam in Maritime Southeast Asia, supplanting the earlier Brahmic scripts used during Hindu-Buddhist era. The oldest evidence of Jawi writing can be found on the 14th century Terengganu Inscription Ston ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Action Party
The People's Action Party (PAP) is a major Conservatism, conservative political party in Singapore and is the governing contemporary political party represented in the Parliament of Singapore, followed by the opposition Workers' Party of Singapore, Workers' Party (WP). The PAP was established in 1954 as a conventional centre-left party. Following its initial electoral success in 1959 Singaporean general election, 1959, Prime Minister of Singapore, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew sought to reposition the party ideologically toward the centrism, centre. In pursuit of this objective, he expelled the party's Barisan Sosialis, leftist faction in 1961, during the period of Singapore in Malaysia, Singapore's merger with Malaysia. Over the course of the 1960s and since then, the PAP continued its ideological shift towards the centre-right. After Independence of Singapore Agreement 1965, Singapore's separation from Malaysia and subsequent independence in 1965, the majority of opposition part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minority Group
The term "minority group" has different meanings, depending on the context. According to common usage, it can be defined simply as a group in society with the least number of individuals, or less than half of a population. Usually a minority group is disempowered relative to the majority, and that characteristic lends itself to different applications of the term minority. In terms of sociology, economics, and politics, a demographic that takes up the smallest fraction of the population is not necessarily labelled the "minority" if it wields dominant power. In the academic context, the terms "minority" and "majority" are used in terms of hierarchical power structures. For example, in South Africa, during Apartheid, white Europeans held virtually all social, economic, and political power over black Africans. For this reason, black Africans are the "minority group", despite the fact that they outnumber white Europeans in South Africa. This is why academics more frequently use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Straits Times
''The Straits Times'' (also known informally by its abbreviation ''ST'') is a Singaporean daily English-language newspaper owned by the SPH Media Trust. Established on 15 July 1845, it is the most-widely circulated newspaper in the country and has a significant regional audience. The newspaper is published in the broadsheet format and online, the latter of which was launched in 1994. It is regarded as the newspaper of record for Singapore. Print and digital editions of ''The Straits Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'' had a daily average circulation of 364,134 and 364,849 respectively in 2017, as audited by Audit Bureau of Circulations Singapore. In 2014, country-specific editions were published for residents in Brunei and Myanmar, with newsprint circulations of 2,500 and 5,000 respectively. History Early years The original conception for ''The Straits Times'' has been debated by historians of Singapore. Prior to 1845, the only English-language newspaper in Singapore was ''The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Development Council
The Community Development Council (CDC; ; zh, 社區發展理事會; ) is a government-led organisation to organise grassroot organisations and community programmes into smaller, local units as a bridge between the government and the community in Singapore. It encourages volunteerism from wider community, and organises community and social assistance programs with the help of a monetary grant from the government. They are governed by the ''Community Development Council Rules 1997''. Organisation These are the constituencies in each of the five Community Development Council districts as of 23 May 2025: The council boundaries follow that of the existing political divisions, with each handling between four and six GRCs and SMCs and roughly dividing the country's population into equal parts. Each CDC is managed by a Council, which in turn is headed by an appointed mayor and has between 12 and 80 members. The members are appointed by the chairman or deputy chairman of the People's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lee Kuan Yew
Lee Kuan Yew (born Harry Lee Kuan Yew; 16 September 1923 – 23 March 2015), often referred to by his initials LKY, was a Singaporean politician who ruled as the first Prime Minister of Singapore from 1959 to 1990. He is widely recognised as the List of national founders, founding father of the modern Singaporean state. His leadership, often categorised by academics as being Benevolent dictatorship, dictatorial but benevolent, helped transform History of the Republic of Singapore, post-independence Singapore into a highly developed country during his tenure. In 1954, Lee co-founded the People's Action Party (PAP), which won significant support among the working class and trade unions. He secured a seat in the Tanjong Pagar SMC, Tanjong Pagar division during the 1955 Singaporean general election, 1955 general election, becoming the ''de facto'' Leader of the Opposition (Singapore), leader of the opposition. In 1959, Lee led to the 1959 Singaporean general election, PAP's fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goh Chok Tong
Goh Chok Tong (born 20 May 1941) is a Singaporean former politician who served as the second prime minister of Singapore from 1990 to 2004 and as a senior minister of Singapore from 2004 to 2011. He served as the secretary-general of the People's Action Party (PAP) from 1992 to 2004 and was the member of Parliament (MP) for Marine Parade SMC from 1976 to 1988, and Marine Parade GRC from 1988 to 2020. Prior to his appointment as prime minister, he was the country's deputy prime minister, where he advocated for the Medisave, a savings scheme that allows Singaporeans to set aside part of their income into a Medisave account to meet future medical expenses. Goh also advocated for the Edusave Awards, a monetary reward for students who did well in school based on either their academic achievements or character to enshrine meritocracy. Shortly before and during his tenure as prime minister, Goh proposed political reforms like the introduction of Non-Constituency Members of Par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Defence (Singapore)
The Ministry of Defence (MINDEF; ; zh, 新加坡國防部; ) is a ministry (government department), ministry under the Government of Singapore responsible for overseeing the National security, national defence of Singapore. History MINDEF, together with the Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore), Ministry of Home Affairs, was created on 11 August 1970 by splitting up the then Ministry of Interior and Defence. Responsibilities MINDEF's mission is to "enhance Singapore's peace and security through deterrence and diplomacy, and should these fail, to secure a swift and decisive victory over the aggressor." It has a policy of ''Total Defence (Singapore), Total Defence'' which consists of Military Defence, Civil Defence, Economic Defence, Social Defence, Psychological Defence and Digital Defence involving the people, public and private sectors of the country. Organisational structure MINDEF has one statutory board, the Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA). The Singapore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Singapore
The prime minister of Singapore, is the head of government of Singapore. The President of Singapore, president appoints the prime minister on the advice and consent of the Cabinet of Singapore. The incumbent prime minister is Lawrence Wong, who took office on 15 May 2024. Singapore is modelled after the Westminster system. The prime minister only governs with the Confidence and supply, confidence of the majority in Parliament of Singapore, Parliament; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a member of Parliament (MP) and leads the largest party or a Coalition government, coalition of parties. In practice, the prime minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament. History The office of prime minister succeeded the office of Chief Minister of Singapore, chief minister in 1959 after Singapore had attained Self-governance of Singapore, self-governance from the United Kingdom, as the State of Singapore, with Lee Kuan Yew being sworn in as the first prime minist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiracialism
Multiracialism is a conceptual framework for theorizing and interpreting identity formation in global multiracial populations. Multiracialism explores the tendency for multiracial individuals to identify with a third category of 'mixed' instead of being a fully accepted member of multiple, or any, Race (human categorization), racial group(s). As an analytical tool, multiracialism emphasizes that societies are increasingly composed of multiracial individuals, warranting a broader recognition of those who do not fit into a society's clear-cut notions of race. Additionally, multiracialism also focuses on what identity formation means in the context of oppressive histories and cultural erasure. Multiracial identities have manifested across cultural identities, historical moments, and social norms. What it means to be multiracial changes depending on the society in question. As a result, multiracialism is often used to critique the continuation of race as a means of social categorizati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Single-member District
A single-member district or constituency is an electoral district represented by a single officeholder. It contrasts with a multi-member district, which is represented by multiple officeholders. In some countries, such as Australia and India, members of the lower house of parliament are elected from single-member districts, while members of the upper house are elected from multi-member districts. In some other countries, such as Singapore, members of parliament can be elected from either single-member or multi-member districts. History in the United States The United States Constitution, ratified in 1789, states: "The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States...Representatives...shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers." In other words, the Constitution specifies that each state will be apportioned a number of representa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
