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Gribble
A gribble () or gribble worm is any of about 56 species of marine isopod from the family Limnoriidae. They are mostly pale white and small ( long) crustaceans, although '' Limnoria stephenseni'' from subantarctic waters can reach . Classification The term "gribble" was originally assigned to the wood-boring species, especially the first species described from Norway by Jens Rathke in 1799, '' Limnoria lignorum''. The Limnoriidae are now known to include seaweed and seagrass borers, as well as wood borers. Those gribbles able to bore into living marine plants are thought to have evolved from a wood (dead plant) boring species. Ecology Gribbles bore into wood and plant material, and the material is ingested for food; the cellulose of wood is digested, most likely with the aid of cellulases produced by the gribbles themselves. The most destructive species are '' Limnoria lignorum'', '' L. tripunctata'' and '' L. quadripunctata''. Due to dispersal while inhabiting wooden ship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Lignorum
''Limnoria lignorum'', commonly known as the gribble, is a species of isopod in the family (biology), family gribble, Limnoriidae. It is found in shallow water in the North Atlantic and North Pacific Ocean where it tunnels into wood and attacks and destroys submerged wooden structures. Description ''Limnoria lignorum'' grows to a maximum length of but a more usual size range is . It is a yellowish colour and is about three times as long as it is broad. It has a woodlouse-like body with fourteen segments. It bores its way into wood to a depth of about . Distribution ''Limnoria lignorum'' is found in the boreal and temperate seas of the northern Atlantic Ocean and North Sea and it is also known from the west coast of North America. Its range extends from Norway southwards to France, and from the Gulf of St Lawrence southwards to Cobscook Bay and Cape Cod. Its depth range is from the littoral zone to a depth of about It is unclear from exactly where it originated because it has s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durvillaea
''Durvillaea'' is a genus of large brown algae in the monotypic family Durvillaeaceae. All members of the genus are found in the southern hemisphere, including Australia, New Zealand, South America, and various subantarctic islands. ''Durvillaea'', commonly known as southern bull kelps, occur on rocky, wave-exposed shorelines and provide a habitat for numerous intertidal organisms. Many species exhibit a honeycomb-like structure in their fronds that provides buoyancy, which allows individuals detached from substrates to raft alive at sea, permitting dispersal for hundreds of days over thousands of kilometres. ''Durvillaea'' species have been used for clothing, tools and as a food source by many indigenous cultures throughout the South Pacific, and they continue to play a prominent role in Chilean cuisine. Common name and etymology The common name for ''Durvillaea'' is southern bull kelp. This is often shortened to bull kelp, which can generate confusion with the North Pacific ke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Quadripunctata
''Limnoria quadripunctata'' is a species of isopod from the family Limnoriidae. Description ''Limnoria quadripunctata'' can reach up to 4 mm in length, however are more typically 3 mm or less. Anatomical structure of the species conforms to typical isopod patterns. The pleotelson has a square, anteromedial array of four punctae, characteristic to ''L. quadripunctata.'' Distribution The species has been reported in southwestern Ireland, southern UK, western France, Portugal, southwestern Italy, the West Coast of the US, Chile, New Zealand, southern Australia, the southern Indian Ocean in Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands, and between Table Bay and Port Elizabeth in South Africa. Habitat ''Limnoria quadripunctata'' lives in wooden structures, such as fallen trees or branches carried to the ocean by river. The species is mainly observed in the intertidal zone The intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limnoria Segnis
''Limnoria'' is a genus of isopods from the family Limnoriidae. Species *'' Limnoria agrostisa'' (Cookson, 1991) *'' Limnoria algarum'' (Menzies, 1957) *'' Limnoria andamanensis'' (Rao & Ganapati, 1969) *'' Limnoria antarctica'' (Pfeffer, 1887) *'' Limnoria bacescui'' (Ortiz & Lalana, 1988) *'' Limnoria bituberculata'' (Pillai, 1957) *'' Limnoria bombayensis'' (Pillai, 1961) *'' Limnoria borealis'' (Kussakin, 1963) *'' Limnoria carinata'' (Menzies & Becker, 1957) *'' Limnoria carptora'' (Cookson, 1997) *'' Limnoria chilensis'' (Menzies, 1962) *'' Limnoria clarkae'' (Kensley & Schotte, 1987) *'' Limnoria convexa'' (Cookson, 1991) *'' Limnoria cristata'' (Cookson & Cragg, 1991) *'' Limnoria echidna'' (Cookson, 1991) *'' Limnoria emarginata'' (Kussakin & Malyutina, 1989) *'' Limnoria foveolata'' (Menzies, 1957) *'' Limnoria gibbera'' (Cookson, 1991) *'' Limnoria glaucinosa'' (Cookson, 1991) *'' Limnoria hicksi'' (Schotte, 1989) *'' Limnoria indica'' (Becker & Kampf, 1958) *'' L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oceanic Dispersal
Oceanic dispersal is a type of biological dispersal that occurs when Terrestrial animal, terrestrial organisms transfer from one land mass to another by way of a sea crossing. Island hopping is the crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islands, as opposed to a single journey directly to the destination. Often this occurs via large rafts of floating vegetation such as are sometimes seen floating down major rivers in the tropics and washing out to sea, occasionally with animals trapped on them. Dispersal via such a raft is sometimes referred to as a rafting event. Colonization of land masses by plants can also occur via long-distance oceanic dispersal of floating seeds. History Rafting has played an important role in the colonization of isolated land masses by mammals. Prominent examples include Madagascar, which has been isolated for ~120 million years (Year#SI prefix multipliers, Ma), and South America, which was isolated for much of the Cenozoic. Both lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60th parallel south, 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. With a size of , it is the second-smallest of the five principal oceanic divisions, smaller than the Pacific Ocean, Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic and Indian Ocean, Indian oceans, and larger than the Arctic Ocean. The maximum depth of the Southern Ocean, using the definition that it lies south of 60th parallel, was surveyed by the Five Deeps Expedition in early February 2019. The expedition's multibeam sonar team identified the deepest point at 60° 28' 46"S, 025° 32' 32"W, with a depth of . The expedition leader and chief submersible pilot Victor Vescovo, has proposed naming this deepest point the "Factorian Deep", based on the name of the crewed submersible ''DSV Limiting Factor'', in which he successfully visited the bottom for the first time on February 3, 2019 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uropod
Uropods are posterior appendages found on a wide variety of crustaceans. They typically have functions in locomotion. Definition Uropods are often defined as the appendages of the last body segment of a crustacean. An alternative definition suggested by Frederick R. Schram restricts the term to those structures arising from the segment before the anal segment (the segment which carries the anus). Under this latter definition, the appendages of the anal segment are caudal ramus, caudal rami, which are analogy (biology), analogous to uropods. Form Uropods are typically biramous – comprising an endopod and an exopod. The exopod is typically the larger, and may be divided in two by a transverse suture known as the diaeresis. The uropods may work in concert with the telson to form a "tail fan". References {{Reflist, 32em Crustacean anatomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durvillaea Antarctica
''Durvillaea antarctica'', also known as ' and ', is a large, robust species of southern bull kelp found on the coasts of Chile, southern New Zealand, and Macquarie Island.Smith, J.M.B. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P. (1998). Kelp-plucking: coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp ''Durvillaea antarctica'' at subantarctic Macquarie Island, ''Antarctic Science'' 10 (4), 431–438. . ''D. antarctica'', an alga, does not have air bladders, but floats due to a unique honeycomb structure within the alga's blades, which also helps the kelp avoid being damaged by the strong waves.Maggy WassilieffSeaweed - Bull kelp’s honeycombed structure ''Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand'', Ministry of Culture and Heritage. Updated 2 March 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2010. Taxonomy The species was first described in 1822, as ''Fucus antarcticus'', and revised in 1892 as ''Durvillaea antarctica''. The genus name ''Durvillaea'' was given in memory of the French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville, while the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleotelson
The telson () is the hindmost division of the body of an arthropod. Depending on the definition, the telson is either considered to be the final segment of the arthropod body, or an additional division that is not a true segment on account of not arising in the embryo from teloblast areas as other segments. It never carries any appendages, but a forked "tail" called the caudal furca may be present. The shape and composition of the telson differs between arthropod groups. Crustaceans In lobsters, shrimp and other decapods, the telson, along with the uropods, forms the tail fan. This is used as a paddle in the caridoid escape reaction ("lobstering"), whereby an alarmed animal rapidly flexes its tail, causing it to dart backwards. Krill can reach speeds of over 60 cm per second by this means. The trigger time to optical stimulus is, in spite of the low temperatures, only 55 milliseconds. In the Isopoda and Tanaidacea (superorder Peracarida), the last abdominal body ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
