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Glazing (window)
Glazing, which derives from the Middle English for 'glass', is a part of a wall or window, made of glass. Glazing also describes the work done by a professional "glazier". Glazing is also less commonly used to describe the insertion of ophthalmic lenses into an eyeglass frame. Common types of glazing that are used in architectural applications include clear and tinted float glass, tempered glass, and laminated glass as well as a variety of coated glasses, all of which can be glazed singly or as Insulated glazing, double, or even triple, glazing units. Ordinary clear glass has a slight green tinge, but special colorless glasses are offered by several manufacturers. Glazing can be mounted on the surface of a window Sash window, sash or door Frame and panel, stile, usually made of wood, aluminium or Polyvinyl chloride, PVC. The glass is fixed into a rabbet, rabbet (rebate) in the frame in a number of ways including triangular glazing points, putty, etc. Toughened and laminated glas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabbet
A rabbet (American English) or rebate (British English) is a recess or groove cut into the edge of a piece of machinable material, usually wood. When viewed in cross-section, a rabbet is two-sided and open to the edge or end of the surface into which it is cut. An example of the use of a rabbet is in a glazing bar where it makes provision for the insertion of the pane of glass and putty. It may also accommodate the edge of the back panel of a cabinet . It is also used in door and casement window jambs, and for shiplap planking. In a picture frame the rabbet may hide uneven or poor edges of a painting and its support, while for graphic art and photographs protective glazing is used. A rabbet can be used to form a joint with another piece of wood (often containing a dado). Rabbet joints are easy to construct, but are not as strong as some other joints. Nails and screws can be added to help increase the overall strength. Etymology The word ''rabbet'' is from Old French '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quadruple Glazing
file:QGU1.jpg, Standard quadruple glazed window - openable file:Renovation with quadruple-pane in Oslo.jpg, The quadruple glazing, Q-Air, on Deg 8 building in Oslo, Norway (2020). Renovation brings Ug value of 0.29 W/(m2K) [R-value 20 Quadruple glazing (quadruple-pane insulating glazing) is a type of insulated glazing comprising four glass panes, typically equipped with low emissivity coatings and insulating gases in the cavities between them. It is a subset of multipane (multilayer) glazing systems. Multipane glazing with up to six panes is commercially available. Multipane glazing improves thermal comfort by reducing downdraft convection currents near the window surface. It can also reduce greenhouse gas emissions by minimizing heating and cooling demands. Quadruple glazing may be necessary to achieve desired levels of Efficient energy use, energy efficiency in Arctic regions, or to allow higher glazing ratios in Curtain wall (architecture), curtain walling without increasing win ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fanlight
A fanlight is a form of lunette window (transom window), often semicircular or semi-elliptical in shape, with glazing (window), glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open Hand fan, fan. It is placed over another window or a doorway, and is sometimes hinged to a Transom (architecture), transom. The bars in the fixed glazed window spread out in the manner of a sunburst. It is also called a sunburst light. In federation architecture, federation housing it is also called a toplight or top light. References External links Doorways around the World Glass architecture Windows {{architecturalelement-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Architectural Glass
Architectural glass is glass that is used as a building material. It is most typically used as transparent glazing material in the building envelope, including windows in the external walls. Glass is also used for internal partitions and as an architectural feature. When used in buildings, glass is often of a safety type, which include reinforced, toughened and laminated glasses. History Timeline of modern architectural glass development * 1226: " Broad Sheet" first produced in Sussex. * 1330: " Crown glass" for art work and vessels first produced in Rouen, France. "Broad Sheet" also produced. Both were also supplied for export. * 1500s: A method of making mirrors out of plate glass was developed by Venetian glassmakers on the island of Murano, who covered the back of the glass with a mercury-tin amalgam, obtaining near-perfect and undistorted reflection. * 1620s: " Blown plate" first produced in London. Used for mirrors and coach plates. * 1678: " Crown glass" first produced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R-value (insulation)
The ''R''-value is a measure of how well a two-dimensional barrier, such as a layer of insulation, a window or a complete wall or ceiling, resists the conductive flow of heat, in the context of construction. R-value is the temperature difference per unit of heat flux needed to sustain one unit of heat flux between the warmer surface and colder surface of a barrier under steady-state conditions. The measure is therefore equally relevant for lowering energy bills for heating in the winter, for cooling in the summer, and for general comfort. The ''R-value'' is the building industry term for thermal resistance "per unit area." It is sometimes denoted RSI-value if the SI units are used. An R-value can be given for a material (e.g., for polyethylene foam), or for an assembly of materials (e.g., a wall or a window). In the case of materials, it is often expressed in terms of R-value per metre. R-values are additive for layers of materials, and the higher the R-value the better th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aluminium Window Detail
Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. It has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. Aluminium has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air. It visually resembles silver, both in its color and in its great ability to reflect light. It is soft, nonmagnetic, and ductile. It has one stable isotope, 27Al, which is highly abundant, making aluminium the 12th-most abundant element in the universe. The radioactivity of 26Al leads to it being used in radiometric dating. Chemically, aluminium is a post-transition metal in the boron group; as is common for the group, aluminium forms compounds primarily in the +3 oxidation state. The aluminium cation Al3+ is small and highly charged; as such, it has more polarizing power, and bonds formed by aluminium have a more covalent character. The strong af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcium Oxide
Calcium oxide (formula: Ca O), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term '' lime'' connotes calcium-containing inorganic compounds, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate. By contrast, ''quicklime'' specifically applies to the single compound calcium oxide. Calcium oxide that survives processing without reacting in building products, such as cement, is called free lime. Quicklime is relatively inexpensive. Both it and the chemical derivative calcium hydroxide (of which quicklime is the base anhydride) are important commodity chemicals. Preparation Calcium oxide is usually made by the thermal decomposition of materials, such as limestone or seashells, that contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3; mineral calcite) in a lime kiln. This is accomplished by heating the material to above , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Oxide
Sodium oxide is a chemical compound with the formula . It is used in ceramics and glasses. It is a white solid but the compound is rarely encountered. Instead "sodium oxide" is used to describe components of various materials such as glasses and fertilizers which contain oxides that include sodium and other elements. Sodium oxide is a component. Structure The structure of sodium oxide has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Most alkali metal oxides (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) crystallise in the antifluorite structure. In this motif the positions of the anions and cations are reversed relative to their positions in , with sodium ions tetrahedrally coordinated to 4 oxide ions and oxide cubically coordinated to 8 sodium ions. Preparation Sodium oxide is produced by the reaction of sodium with sodium hydroxide, sodium peroxide, or sodium nitrite: : To the extent that NaOH is contaminated with water, correspondingly greater amounts of sodium are employed. Excess sodium is disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silicon Dioxide
Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula , commonly found in nature as quartz. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product. Examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, opal, and aerogels. It is used in structural materials, microelectronics, and as components in the food and pharmaceutical industries. All forms are white or colorless, although impure samples can be colored. Silicon dioxide is a common fundamental constituent of glass. Structure In the majority of silicon dioxides, the silicon atom shows tetrahedral coordination, with four oxygen atoms surrounding a central Si atomsee 3-D Unit Cell. Thus, SiO2 forms 3-dimensional network solids in which each silicon atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to 4 oxygen atoms. In contrast, CO2 is a li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soda–lime Glass
Soda–lime glass, also called soda–lime–silica glass, is the transparent glass used for windowpanes and glass containers (bottles and jars) for beverages, food, and some commodity items. It is the most prevalent type of glass made. Some glass bakeware is made of soda-lime glass, as opposed to the more common borosilicate glass. Soda–lime glass accounts for about 90% of manufactured glass. Production The manufacturing process for soda–lime glass consists in melting the raw materials, which are the silica, soda (), hydrated lime (), dolomite (), which provides the magnesium oxide), and aluminium oxide; along with small quantities of fining agents (e.g., sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), etc.) in a glass furnace at temperatures locally up to 1675 °C.B. H. W. S. de Jong, "Glass"; in "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry"; 5th edition, vol. A12, VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany, 1989, , pp. 365–432. The soda and the lime serve as a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Float Glass
Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal of a low melting point, typically tin, although lead was used for the process in the past. This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and a very flat surface. The float glass process is also known as the Pilkington process, named after the British glass manufacturer Pilkington, which pioneered the technique in the 1950s at their production site in St Helens, Merseyside. Modern windows are usually made from float glass, though Corning Incorporated uses the overflow downdraw method. Most float glass is soda–lime glass, although relatively minor quantities of specialty borosilicate and flat panel display glass are also produced using the float glass process. History Until the 16th century, window glass or other flat glass was generally cut from large discs (or rondels) of crown glass. Larger sheets of glass were made by blowing large cylinders which were cut open and flattened, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
