|
Fideicommis
A ''fideicommissum'' is a type of bequest in which the beneficiary is encumbered to convey parts of the decedent's estate to someone else. For example, if a father leaves the family house to his firstborn, on condition that they will bequeath it to their first child. It was one of the most popular legal institutions in ancient Roman law for several centuries. The word is a conjunction of the Latin words '' fides'' (trust) and ''committere'' (to commit), and thus denotes that something is committed to one's trust. Text and translation Exegesis This fragment dates to the reign of Caesar Augustus, who first decreed certain requirements for the institution of the ''fideicommissum''. The institution itself was first mentioned in 200 BC by Terence in '' Andria'', 290–98: "''tuae mando fide''". It functioned thus: the testator nominated an heir to act as ''fiduciarius'', entrusted with devising the inheritance to a beneficiary denominated the "''fideicommisarius''". Purpo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codicil (will)
A codicil is a testamentary or supplementary document similar but not necessarily identical to a will. In some jurisdictions, it may serve to amend, rather than replace, a previously executed will. In others, it may serve as an alternative to a will. In still others, there is no recognized distinction between a codicil and a will. Etymology Latin codicillus meaning a short additional text or a small writing tablet. The diminutive of codex see also code Origins The concept of a testamentary document as similar to but distinct from a will originated in Roman law. In the pre-classical period, a testator was required to nominate an heir in order for his will to be valid (''heredis institutio''). Failure to nominate an heir or failure to observe the proper formalities for nomination of an heir resulted in an estate divided pursuant to the rules of intestacy. However, a testator was also able to institute a '' fideicommissum'', a more flexible and less formal indication of the test ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lex Voconia
''Lex Voconia'' (The Voconian Law) was a law established in ancient Rome in 169 BC. Introduced by Q. Voconius Saxa with support from Cato the Elder, Voconius being tribune of the people in that year, this law prohibited those who owned property valued at 100,000 asses (or perhaps sesterces) from making a woman their heir. This particular limit was not arbitrary but was apparently the traditional property qualification for admission to the highest class in the Comitia Centuriata, and thus the minimum qualification for the Equestrian Order. In addition, it prohibited extraordinary legacies in a will of a greater value than the inheritance of the ordinary heirs. This intention of this legislation according to Gellius was sumptuary in that it limited the wealth available to women, who were presumed to expend it on useless luxury goods. The law only applied to inheritances by testament and did not affect the intestate law of succession of women, although later this was limited to inh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the '' Corpus Juris Civilis'' (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously. The historical importance of Roman law is reflected by the continued use of Latin legal terminology in many legal systems influenced by it, including common law. After the dissolution of the Western Roman Empire, the Roman law remained in effect in the Eastern Roman Empire. From the 7th century onward, the legal language in the East was Greek. ''Roman law'' also denoted the legal system applied in most of Western Europe until the end of the 18th century. In Germany, Roman law practice remained in place longer under the Holy Roman Empire (963–1806). Roman law thus served as a basis f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mancipatio
In Roman law, ''mancipatio'' (f. Latin ''manus'' "hand" and ''capere'' "to take hold of") was a solemn verbal contract by which the ownership of certain types of goods, called ''res mancipi'', was transferred. ''Mancipatio'' was also the legal procedure for drawing up wills, emancipating children from their parents, and adoption. ''Res mancipi'' were goods important in an early agrarian society, like land, rights over land, horses, cattle and slaves. The right of ownership (''dominium'') for such goods was reserved to Roman citizens ( Quirites) and therefore called a "quiritian" or a "quiritary" right. The procedure of acquisition of property ''by scales and bronze'' (''per aes et libram'') is described as follows by Gaius: "Mancipatio is effected in the presence of not less than five witnesses, who must be Roman citizens and of the age of puberty, and also in the presence of another person of the same condition, who holds a pair of brazen scales and hence is called ''Libripens''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legates
A ''legatus'' (; anglicised as legate) was a high-ranking Roman military officer in the Roman Army, equivalent to a modern high-ranking general officer. Initially used to delegate power, the term became formalised under Augustus as the officer in command of a legion. From the times of the Roman Republic, legates received large shares of the military's rewards at the end of a successful campaign. This made the position a lucrative one, so it could often attract even distinguished consuls or other high-ranking political figures within Roman politics (e.g., the consul Lucius Julius Caesar volunteered late in the Gallic Wars as a legate under his first cousin, Gaius Julius Caesar). History Roman Republic The rank of legatus existed as early as the Samnite Wars, but it was not until 190 BC that it started to be standardized, meant to better manage the higher numbers of soldiers the Second Punic War had forced to recruit. The legatus of a Roman Republican army was essentially a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penates
In ancient Roman religion, the Di Penates () or Penates ( ) were among the ''dii familiares'', or household deities, invoked most often in domestic rituals. When the family had a meal, they threw a bit into the fire on the hearth for the Penates. They were thus associated with Vesta, the Lares, and the Genius of the ''pater familias'' in the "little universe" of the '' domus''. Like other domestic deities, the Penates had a public counterpart. Function An etymological interpretation of the Penates would make them in origin tutelary deities of the storeroom, Latin ''penus'', the innermost part of the house, where they guarded the household's food, wine, oil, and other supplies. As they were originally associated with the source of food, they eventually became a symbol of the continuing life of the family. Cicero explained that they "dwell inside, from which they are also called ''penetrales'' by the poets". The 2nd-century AD grammarian Festus defined ''penus'', however, as "t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lex Papia Poppeia
Lex or LEX may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Lex'', a daily featured column in the ''Financial Times'' Games * Lex, the mascot of the word-forming puzzle video game ''Bookworm'' * Lex, the protagonist of the word-forming puzzle video game ''Bookworm Adventures'' Music * '' L.E.X.'', the third studio album by Liverpool Express * "Lex", a song from Ratatat's 2006 album ''Classics'' * ''Lex'' (album), a mini-album and partial soundtrack by Portland, Oregon duo Visible Cloaks * Lex Records, an independent record label Computing * Amazon Lex, a service for building conversational interfaces into any application using voice and text * LEX (cipher), a stream cipher based on the round transformation of AES * Lex (software), a computer program that generates lexical analyzers * lex (URN), a URN namespace that allows accurate identification of laws and other legal norms. Names * Lex (given name) * Lex (surname) Places * Lex, West Virginia, an unincorporated community in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lex Julia De Maritandis Ordinibus
A ''lex Julia'' (plural: ''leges Juliae'') was an ancient Roman law that was introduced by any member of the Julii, gens Julia. Most often, "Julian laws", ''lex Julia'' or ''leges Juliae'' refer to moral legislation introduced by Augustus in 23 BC, or to a law related to Julius Caesar. ''Lex Julia de civitate'' (90 BC) During the Social War (91–88 BC), Social War, a conflict between the Italians and the Romans over the withholding of Italian citizenship, the consul Lucius Julius Caesar (consul 90 BC), Lucius Julius Caesar passed a law to grant all Italians not under arms citizenship. At the instruction of the Senate, Lucius Caesar proposed a law providing that each Italian community would decide as to whether they would take Roman citizenship and establish new tribes – possibly eight – in the Tribal Assembly for the new citizens. This grant to citizenship had the effect of almost tripling the number of Roman citizens and annexing large swathes of Italy into the repub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leges Caducariae
Leges (plural of Latin lex: ''law'') may refer to: Literature * ''Laws'' (dialogue) Plato's last and longest dialogue Ancient Roman law * Leges regiae, early Roman laws introduced by the Kings of Rome * Lex Julia (Leges Juliae), ancient Roman laws, introduced by any member of the Julian family * Leges Clodiae, series of laws passed by the Plebeian Council of the Roman Republic * Leges provinciae, 146 BC laws concerning the regulation and administration of Roman provinces * Lex Antonia (Leges Antoniae), law established in ancient Rome in 44 BC * Lex Licinia Sextia (Leges Liciniae Sextiae), Roman law which restored the consulship in 367 BCE Laws in other governments * Leges Henrici Primi, legal treatise, written circa 1115, on legal customs of medieval England * Leges palatinae, laws governing the functioning of the royal court of the Kingdom of Majorca * Leges Edwardi Confessoris, early twelfth-century English collection of 39 laws * Leges Genuciae, laws proposed in 342 BCE ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leges Julia
Leges (plural of Latin lex: ''law'') may refer to: Literature * ''Laws'' (dialogue) Plato's last and longest dialogue Ancient Roman law * Leges regiae, early Roman laws introduced by the Kings of Rome * Lex Julia (Leges Juliae), ancient Roman laws, introduced by any member of the Julian family * Leges Clodiae, series of laws passed by the Plebeian Council of the Roman Republic * Leges provinciae, 146 BC laws concerning the regulation and administration of Roman provinces * Lex Antonia (Leges Antoniae), law established in ancient Rome in 44 BC * Lex Licinia Sextia (Leges Liciniae Sextiae), Roman law which restored the consulship in 367 BCE Laws in other governments * Leges Henrici Primi, legal treatise, written circa 1115, on legal customs of medieval England * Leges palatinae, laws governing the functioning of the royal court of the Kingdom of Majorca * Leges Edwardi Confessoris, early twelfth-century English collection of 39 laws * Leges Genuciae, laws proposed in 342 BCE ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Censor
The censor (at any time, there were two) was a magistrate in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government's finances. The power of the censor was absolute: no magistrate could oppose his decisions, and only another censor who succeeded him could cancel those decisions. The censor's regulation of public morality is the origin of the modern meaning of the words ''censor'' and ''censorship''. Early history of the magistracy The ''census'' was first instituted by Servius Tullius, sixth king of Rome, BC. After the abolition of the monarchy and the founding of the Republic in 509 BC, the consuls had responsibility for the census until 443 BC. In 442 BC, no consuls were elected, but tribunes with consular power were appointed instead. This was a move by the plebeians to try to attain higher magistracies: only patricians could be elected consuls, while some military tribunes were pleb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
