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Five-second Rule
The five-second rule, or sometimes the three-second rule, is a food hygiene urban legend that states a defined time window after which it is not safe to eat food (or sometimes to use cutlery) after it has been dropped on the floor or on the ground and thus exposed to contamination. While the amount of microbes transferred to a dropped food does increase over time, and in some situations floors may be relatively clean of pathogens, the scientific consensus is opposed to such a general applied rule, and the origin of the idea is unclear. It is speculated to have originated from legends about Genghis Khan. It was first mentioned in print in 1995. History The origins of the five-second rule are unclear. Food scientist Pawl Dawson and microbiologist Brian Sheldon have traced the origins to legends surrounding Genghis Khan in the 15th century. He is rumoured to have implemented the "Khan Rule" at his banquets. "If food fell on the floor, it could stay there as long as Khan allowed ...
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Spilled Strawberries
A spill occurs when the contents of something, usually in liquid form, are emptied out onto a surface, person or clothes, often unintentionally. Spill may also refer to: *Oil spill *Chemical spill *Data spill *Leadership spill *Spill (audio), where audio from one source is picked up by a microphone intended for a different source *Variable spilling, a side effect of register allocation *Thin sticks of wood or tightly rolled paper tapers, used for transferring fire, and stored in a spill vase *SPILL – an acronym for St Pancras International Low Level, the Thameslink platforms at St Pancras railway station St Pancras railway station (), officially known since 2007 as London St Pancras International, is a major central London railway terminus on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden. It is the terminus for Eurostar services from Belgium, F ... in London As a proper name * Thomas Spilsbury, soccer player nicknamed ''Spill'' * Spill (band), a British dance duo * Spill.co ...
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Bologna Sausage
Bologna ( , , ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different nationalities. Its metropolitan province is home to more than 1 million people. Bologna is most famous for being the home to the oldest university in continuous operation,Top Universities
''World University Rankings'' Retrieved 6 January 2010
Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, , p. 55f.de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde

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Food Safety
Food safety (or food hygiene) is used as a scientific method/discipline describing handling, food processing, preparation, and food storage, storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness. The occurrence of two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of a common food is known as a food-borne disease outbreak. This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potential health, health hazards. In this way, food safety often overlaps with food defense to prevent harm to consumers. The tracks within this line of thought are safety between industry and the market and then between the market and the consumer. In considering industry-to-market practices, food safety considerations include the origins of food including the practices relating to Food labelling regulations, food labeling, food hygiene, food additives and pesticide residues, as well as policies on biotechnology and food and guidelines for the management of governmental imp ...
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American Cultural Conventions
American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" ** American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States ** Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label that was previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams ...
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Food Detectives
''Food Detectives'' is a food science show hosted by Ted Allen that aired in North America on Food Network from July to September 2008. Ted Allen, backed by research conducted by ''Popular Science'' magazine, investigated food-related beliefs, such as the validity of the five-second rule or the effectiveness of ginger in relieving motion sickness. In addition to support from scientists such as molecular biologist Dr. Adam Ruben and ''Popular Science'' staff members, Allen was assisted on-screen by a group of "food techs," often-silent assistants who were the participants in simple experiments exploring food-related myths, beliefs, practices, and folkways. ''Food Detectives'' has 23 episodes. Allen said the series was "''MythBusters'' meets '' Good Eats'' meets '' atchMr. Wizard''." Filming for the show's inaugural episode took place in Little Italy, Baltimore. Reception Melissa Camacho of ''Common Sense Media'' had a positive review of the show, writing, "The show's unique co ...
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MythBusters
''MythBusters'' is a science entertainment television series created by Peter Rees (producer), Peter Rees and produced by Beyond International in Australia. The series premiered on the Discovery Channel on January 23, 2003. It was broadcast internationally by many television networks and other Discovery channels worldwide. The show's original hosts, special effects experts Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman, used elements of the scientific method to Debunker, test the validity of rumors, myths, movie scenes, adages, Internet videos, and news stories. Filmed in San Francisco and edited in Artarmon, Sydney, ''MythBusters'' aired 282 total episodes before its cancellation at the end of the MythBusters (2016 season), 2016 season in March. Planning and some experimentation took place at Hyneman's workshops in San Francisco; experiments requiring more space or special accommodations were filmed on location, typically around the San Francisco Bay Area and other locations in Northern Califo ...
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Discovery Channel
Discovery Channel, known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery, is an American cable channel that is best known for its ongoing reality television shows and promotion of pseudoscience. It initially provided documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science, technology, and history, but by the 2010s had become increasingly dominated by programs that were reality television shows, promoted conspiracy theories, or advocated junk science. It is owned by Warner Bros. Discovery, a publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav. , Discovery Channel was the third most widely distributed subscription channel in the United States, behind now-sibling channel TBS and the Weather Channel; it is available in 409 million households worldwide, through its U.S. flagship channel and its various owned or licensed television channels internationally. , Discovery Channel is available to approximately 71,000,000 pa ...
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MythBusters (2005 Season)
The cast of the television series ''MythBusters'' perform experiments to verify or debunk urban legends, old wives' tales, and the like. This is a list of the various myths tested on the show, as well as the results of the experiments (the myth is busted, plausible, or confirmed). Episode overview Episode SP2 – "Buster Special" * Original air date: February 2, 2005 In this episode, Adam and Jamie relived Buster's finest moments, from his introduction in Exploding Toilet to his ultimate demise (supposedly in Ming Dynasty Astronaut), and showed the construction of the new "Buster 2.0". These moments include: * Exploding Toilet * Barrel of Bricks * Hammer Bridge Drop * Raccoon Rocket * The Mad Trombonist * Forest Fire Scuba Diver * Elevator of Death * Boom-Lift Catapult * Plywood Builder * Ming Dynasty Astronaut Episode SP3 – "Ultimate MythBusters" * Original air date: February 9, 2005 In this episode, Adam and Jamie competed in a series of arguably lud ...
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Aston University
Aston University (abbreviated as ''Aston'' for post-nominals) is a public university situated in the city centre of Birmingham, England. Aston began as the Birmingham Municipal Technical School in 1895, evolving into the UK's first College of advanced technology (United Kingdom), college of advanced technology in 1956. Aston University received its royal charter from Queen Elizabeth II on 22 April 1966. Aston pioneered the integrated placement year concept over 50 years ago, and more than 73% of Aston students take a placement year, the highest percentage in the UK. The annual income of the institution for 2021–22 was £197.7 million of which £19.3 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £219.4 million. In 2020, Aston University was named "University of the Year" by ''The Guardian'', and the newspaper also awarded Aston Students' Union its "Buildings That Inspire" award. The Times Higher Education, Times Higher Education Awards ...
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The Upshot
''The Upshot'' is a website published by ''The New York Times'' which spreads articles combining data visualization with conventional journalistic analysis of news. History ''The Upshot'' was first announced in March 2014 and was officially launched on April 22, 2014. Steve Duenes, a graphics director at the ''New York Times'', won a newsroom contest by coming up with the name "The Upshot". The site started with fifteen full-time staff, including founding editor David Leonhardt. Because ''The Upshot'' was launched soon after Nate Silver and ''FiveThirtyEight'' left the ''Times'', it was widely described as a planned replacement for ''FiveThirtyEight'' and Silver. However, Leonhardt stated in an April 2014 interview that ''The Upshot'' was not intended to replace Silver. In 2014, ''The Upshot'' produced two of the twenty most-read stories on the ''Times'' website, and it was responsible for 5% of the paper's web traffic in October of that year. Also in 2014, the site was a finalist ...
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The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'', locally known as ''The'' ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'' or ''WP'', is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital. It is the most widely circulated newspaper in the Washington metropolitan area and has a national audience. As of 2023, the ''Post'' had 130,000 print subscribers and 2.5 million digital subscribers, both of which were the List of newspapers in the United States, third-largest among U.S. newspapers after ''The New York Times'' and ''The Wall Street Journal''. The ''Post'' was founded in 1877. In its early years, it went through several owners and struggled both financially and editorially. In 1933, financier Eugene Meyer (financier), Eugene Meyer purchased it out of bankruptcy and revived its health and reputation; this work was continued by his successors Katharine Graham, Katharine and Phil Graham, Meyer's daughter and son-in-law, respectively, who bought out several rival publications. The ''Post ...
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Oversimplification
The fallacy of the single cause, also known as complex cause, causal oversimplification, causal reductionism, root cause fallacy, and reduction fallacy, is an informal fallacy of questionable cause that occurs when it is assumed that there is a single, simple cause of an outcome when in reality it may have been caused by a number of only jointly sufficient causes. Fallacy of the single cause can be logically reduced to: "X caused Y; therefore, X was the only cause of Y" (although A,B,C...etc. also contributed to Y.) Causal wikt:oversimplification, oversimplification is a specific kind of false dilemma where conjoint possibilities are ignored. In other words, the possible causes are assumed to be "A xor B xor C" when "A and B and C" or "A and B and not C" (etc.) are not taken into consideration; i.e. the "or" is not Exclusive_or#Exclusive or in natural language, exclusive. See also * * * * * * List of fallacies – List of Fallacies * * * References

{{Fallacies Ca ...
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