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Employment Record Book
An employment record book is an official personal document recording the employment status of its owner over time. Some European countries issue such documents, others did earlier. The first employment record books are said to have been issued in German Reich in 1892 in the mining industry. Brazil The Carteira de Trabalho e Previdência Social ("Work and Social Security Booklet", CTPS in the Portuguese acronym) was created by the decree 21.175 on 21 March in 1932 and regulated by the decree 22.035 later in the same year. It ensures access to some of the main labor rights and social security network. In 1934 it was made mandatory for every employer to log in the worker's CTPS. It is considered to be an personal identification document, and also contains the registry of every employer, time of employment and wage. Since 2018 it has a digital version that can be access in smartphones. People's Republic of China France Similar to an internal passport, French apprentices and labo ...
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German Reich
German ''Reich'' (lit. German Realm, German Empire, from german: Deutsches Reich, ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German Volk ("national people"), with that authority and sovereignty being exercised at any one time over a unitary German "state territory" with variable boundaries and extent. Although commonly translated as "German Empire", the word ''Reich'' here better translates as "realm" or territorial "reach", in that the term does not in itself have monarchical connotations. The Federal Republic of Germany asserted, following its establishment in 1949, that within its boundaries it was the sole legal continuation of the German Reich, and consequently ''not'' a successor state. Nevertheless, the Federal Republic did not maintain the specific title ''German Reich'', and so consistently replaced the prefix ''Reich ...
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Working Book (Ukraine)
Working may refer to: * Work (human activity), intentional activity people perform to support themselves, others, or the community Arts and media * ''Working'' (musical), a 1978 musical * ''Working'' (TV series), an American sitcom * ''Working'' (Caro book), a 2019 book by Robert Caro * ''Working'' (Terkel book), a 1974 book by Studs Terkel * ''Working!!'', a manga by Karino Takatsu * "Working" (song), by Tate McRae and Khalid, 2021 Engineering and technology * Cold working or cold forming, the shaping of metal below its recrystallization temperature * Hot working, the shaping of metal above its recrystallization temperature * Multiple working, having more than one locomotive under the control of one driver * Live-line working, the maintenance of electrical equipment while it is energised * Single-line working, using one train track out of two Other uses * Holbrook Working (1895–1985), statistician and economist * Working the system, exploiting rules and procedures for un ...
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Unique Master Citizen Number
Unique Master Citizen Number ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Jedinstveni matični broj građana, Јединствени матични број грађана, separator=" / ", JMBG / ЈМБГ, mk, Единствен матичен број на граѓанинот, ЕМБГ, sl, Enotna matična številka občana, EMŠO) is a identification number that was assigned to every citizen of former Yugoslav republics of the SFR Yugoslavia. It continues to be used in almost all of the countries that were created after the dissolution of Yugoslavia – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia and Slovenia use it in its original form, while Croatia has switched to a new identification number called the Personal Identification Number (, OIB). History The JMBG was introduced in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on January 8, 1977 and applied to all citizens born before then and alive at the time. All six republics passed a law on the Unique Master Citizen Number. Although t ...
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Dual (grammatical Number)
Dual ( abbreviated ) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural. When a noun or pronoun appears in dual form, it is interpreted as referring to precisely two of the entities (objects or persons) identified by the noun or pronoun acting as a single unit or in unison. Verbs can also have dual agreement forms in these languages. The dual number existed in Proto-Indo-European and persisted in many of its descendants, such as Ancient Greek and Sanskrit, which have dual forms across nouns, verbs, and adjectives, Gothic, which used dual forms in pronouns and verbs, and Old English (Anglo-Saxon), which used dual forms in its pronouns. It can still be found in a few modern Indo-European languages such as Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Lithuanian, Slovene, and Sorbian languages. The majority of modern Indo-European languages, including modern English, however, have lost dual through their development and only show residual traces of it. In all these l ...
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Double-headed Eagle
In heraldry and vexillology, the double-headed eagle (or double-eagle) is a charge associated with the concept of Empire. Most modern uses of the symbol are directly or indirectly associated with its use by the late Byzantine Empire, originally a dynastic emblem of the Palaiologoi. It was adopted during the Late Medieval to Early Modern period in the Holy Roman Empire on the one hand, and in Orthodox principalities (Serbia and Russia) on the other, representing an augmentation of the (single-headed) eagle or '' Aquila'' associated with the Roman Empire. In a few places, among them the Holy Roman Empire and Russia, the motif was further augmented to create the less prominent triple-headed eagle. The motif has predecessors in Bronze Age art, found in Illyria, Mycenaean Greece, and in the Ancient Near East, especially in Hittite iconography. It re-appeared during the High Middle Ages, from around the 10th or 11th centuries, and was notably used by the Eastern Roman Empir ...
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Trudovaya Knizhka USSR (1974) AT-VII
Trudovaya (russian: Трудовая) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Mytishchinsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located northwest from Mytishchi Mytishchi ( rus, Мыти́щи, p=mɨˈtʲiɕːɪ) is a city and the administrative center of Mytishchinsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which lies 19 km northeast of Russia's capital Moscow on the Yauza River and the Moscow–Yarosla .... Population: 62 (2005 est.). References Notes Sources * Rural localities in Moscow Oblast Mytishchinsky District {{MoscowOblast-geo-stub ...
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Council Of People's Commissars
The Councils of People's Commissars (SNK; russian: Совет народных комиссаров (СНК), ''Sovet narodnykh kommissarov''), commonly known as the ''Sovnarkom'' (Совнарком), were the highest executive authorities of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR), the Soviet Union (USSR), and the Soviet republics from 1917 to 1946. The Sovnarkom of the RSFSR was founded in the Russian Republic soon after the October Revolution in 1917 and its role was formalized in the 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR to be responsible to the Congress of Soviets of the RSFSR for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". Unlike its predecessor the Russian Provisional Government which had representatives of various political parties, the Sovnarkom was a government of a single party, the Bolsheviks. The Sovnarkom of the USSR and Congress of Soviets of the USSR founded in 1922 were modelled on the RSFSR system, and identical Sovnarkom bodies ...
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Trudovaya Knizhka 1918
Trudovaya (russian: Трудовая) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Mytishchinsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located northwest from Mytishchi Mytishchi ( rus, Мыти́щи, p=mɨˈtʲiɕːɪ) is a city and the administrative center of Mytishchinsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which lies 19 km northeast of Russia's capital Moscow on the Yauza River and the Moscow–Yarosla .... Population: 62 (2005 est.). References Notes Sources * Rural localities in Moscow Oblast Mytishchinsky District {{MoscowOblast-geo-stub ...
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