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Expurgation
An expurgation of a work, also known as a bowdlerization, is a form of censorship that involves purging anything deemed noxious or offensive from an artistic work or other type of writing or media. The term ''bowdlerization'' is often used in the context of the expurgation of lewd material from books. The term derives from Thomas Bowdler's 1818 edition of William Shakespeare's plays, which he reworked in ways that he felt were more suitable for women and children. He similarly edited Edward Gibbon's ''Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire''. A less common term used in this context, also based on common editorial practice, is ''Ad usum Delphini'', referring to a series of consciously censored classical works. Another term used in related discourse is censorship by so-called political correctness. When this practice is adopted voluntarily, by publishers of new editions or translators, it is seen as a form of self-censorship. Texts subject to expurgation are derivative works, somet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Royal Family
The British royal family comprises Charles III and other members of his family. There is no strict legal or formal definition of who is or is not a member, although the Royal Household has issued different lists outlining who is considered part of the royal family. Members typically support the monarch in carrying out public engagements and take part in charitable work and ceremonial duties. Senior royals collectively undertake thousands of official engagements across the United Kingdom and abroad each year, including state visits, national events, and patronage activities. The family also represents the UK on the global stage and contributes to soft power through diplomacy and cultural presence. Initiatives associated with the family include charitable foundations such as The King's Trust and The Royal Foundation, which focus on youth development, mental health, conservation, and early childhood. The monarchy operates within a constitutional framework, with succession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essays (Montaigne)
The ''Essays'' (, ) of Michel de Montaigne are contained in three books and 107 chapters of varying length. They were originally written in Middle French and published in the Kingdom of France. Montaigne's stated design in writing, publishing and revising the ''Essays'' over the period from approximately 1570 to 1592 was to record "some traits of my character and of my humours." The ''Essays'' were first published in 1580 and cover a wide range of topics. The ''Essais'' exercised an important influence on both French and English literature, in thought and style. Style Montaigne wrote in a seemingly conversational or informal style that combines a highly literate vocabulary with popular sayings and local slang. The earlier essays are more formal and structured and sometimes quite short ("Of prognostications"), but later essays, and revisions to the essays in later editions, are longer and more complex. In his later style he freely associates one topic with another in the manner of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou. The press maintains offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts, near Harvard Square, and in London, England. The press co-founded the distributor TriLiteral LLC with MIT Press and Yale University Press. TriLiteral was sold to LSC Communications in 2018. Notable authors published by HUP include Eudora Welty, Walter Benjamin, E. O. Wilson, John Rawls, Emily Dickinson, Stephen Jay Gould, Helen Vendler, Carol Gilligan, Amartya Sen, David Blight, Martha Nussbaum, and Thomas Piketty. The Display Room in Harvard Square, dedicated to selling HUP publications, closed on June 17, 2009. Related publishers, imprints, and series HUP owns the Belknap Press imprint (trade name), imprint, which it inaugurated in May 1954 with the publication of the ''Harvard Guide to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Pot
A chamber pot is a portable toilet, meant for nocturnal use in the bedroom. It was common in many cultures before the advent of indoor plumbing and flushing toilets. Names and etymology "Chamber" is an older term for bedroom. The chamber pot is also known as a , a jerry, a guzunder, a po (possibly from ), a potty pot, a potty, a thunder pot or a thunder mug. It was also known as a chamber utensil or bedroom ware. History Chamber pots were used in ancient Greece at least since the 6th century BC and were known under different names: (''amis''), (''ouranē'') and (''ourētris'', from - ''ouron'', "urine"), / (''skōramis''), (''chernibion''). The introduction of indoor flush toilets started to displace chamber pots in the 19th century, but they remained common until the mid-20th century. The alternative to using the chamber pot was a trip to the outhouse. In China, the chamber pot (便壶 (biàn hú) was common. A wealthy Salt in Chinese history#The moral debate over sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Crabfish
"The Crabfish" ( Roud 149, also known as "The Crayfish", "The Codfish", "The Old She-Crab", "The Lobster", "Tommy Doddler", or "A Combat Between an Ale-Wife and a Sea Crab") is a ribald humorous folk song of English origin. It is one of the most widespread English-language folk songs, being found in almost every English-speaking country and still being sung to the present day. The oldest known mention is in the seventeenth century, appearing in Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscript as a song named "The Sea Crabb" based on an earlier tale. The moral of the story is that one should look in the chamber pot before using it. Owing to the coarseness of the lyrics, this ballad was excluded from Francis James Child's ''The English and Scottish Popular Ballads'' as well as many other academic publications. Synopsis A man brings a crabfish (most likely a common lobster) home as a gift for his wife and puts it in the chamber pot. Some time in the night his wife answers a call of nature and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Gaelic Books Council
''The'' is a grammatical article in English, denoting nouns that are already or about to be mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with nouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of the archaic pronoun ''thee' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of St
A university () is an institution of tertiary education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. ''University'' is derived from the Latin phrase , which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. The first universities in Europe were established by Catholic monks. The University of Bologna (), Italy, which was founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *being a high degree-awarding institute. *using the word (which was coined at its foundation). *having independence from the ecclesiastic schools and issuing secular as well as non-secular degrees (with teaching conducted by both clergy and non-clergy): grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law and notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university in medieval life, 1179–1499", McFarland, 2008, , p. 55f.de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde''A History of the University in Europe: Volume 1, Universities in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish Gaelic Literature
Scottish Gaelic literature refers to literary works composed in the Scottish Gaelic language, which is, like Irish and Manx, a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Gaelic literature was also composed in Gàidhealtachd communities throughout the global Scottish diaspora where the language has been and is still spoken. Middle Ages Early Middle Ages In early Middle Ages what is now Scotland was culturally and politically divided. In the West were the Gaels of Dál Riata, who had close links with the clan system of Gaelic Ireland, from whence they had migrated and brought with them the name of Scots. Very few works of Gaelic poetry survive from the early medieval period, and most of these are in Irish manuscripts.J. T. Koch, ''Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia'' (ABC-CLIO, 2006), , p. 1576. There are works of Christian poetry that can be identified as Scottish, including the ''Elegy for St Columba'' by Dallán Forgaill (c. 597) and "In Praise of St Columb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1751 In Poetry
— Thomas Gray, '' Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard'', published this year Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France). Events * Christopher Smart wins the Seatonian Prize for the second year in a row. He will also win the prize in 1753 and 1755. Works published United Kingdom * Richard Owen Cambridge, ''The Scribleriad'', in six books, first published separately from January through MarchCox, Michael, editor, ''The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature'', Oxford University Press, 2004, * Thomas Cooke, ''An Ode on the Powers of Poetry'', published anonymously * Nathaniel Cotton, ''Visions in Verse'', published anonymously, a verse version for children of Gay's ''Fables'' 1727 * Thomas Gray, '' Elegy Written in a Country Church-Yard'', published anonymously, a literary sensation published February 15 by Robert Dodsley in a quarto pamphlet with a preface by Horace Walpole (repri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair
Alasdair mac Mhaighstir Alasdair (c. 1698–1770), legal name Alexander MacDonald, or, in Gaelic Alasdair MacDhòmhnaill, was a Scottish war poet, satirist, lexicographer, and memoirist. He was born at Dalilea into the Noblesse, Scottish nobility () and Clan MacDonald of Clanranald () and is believed to have been homeschooling, homeschooled before briefly attending university. MacDhòmhnaill was multilingual and had the rare skill at the time of literacy in the vernacular Scottish Gaelic language. MacDhòmhnaill began composing Gaelic poetry while teaching at a Protestant school at Kilchoan, run by the Society in Scotland for Propagating Christian Knowledge. He published the first secular book in Scottish Gaelic, the glossary ''Leabhar a Theagasc Ainminnin'' (1741). Hearing MacDhòmhnaill's Jacobitism, Jacobite poetry read aloud was credited with helping persuade Prince Charles Edward Stuart to sail from France to Scotland and begin the Jacobite rising of 1745, Rising of 1745. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Poet
A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture. The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed poet-laureate office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism, as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states, as it provided validation of their ethno-linguistic groups. Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets". Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself. Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
