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Dozen
A dozen (commonly abbreviated doz or dz) is a grouping of twelve. The dozen may be one of the earliest primitive integer groupings, perhaps because there are approximately a dozen cycles of the Moon, or months, in a cycle of the Sun, or year. Twelve is convenient because it has a maximal number of divisors among the numbers up to its double, a property only true of 1, 2, 6, 12, 60, 360, and 2520. The use of twelve as a base number, known as the duodecimal system (also as ''dozenal''), originated in Mesopotamia (see also sexagesimal). Counting in base-12 can easily be accomplished on one's hands by counting each finger bone with one's thumb. Using this method, one hand can count to twelve, and two hands (with the second hand as a placeholder for representing units of twelve) can count to 144. Twelve dozen (122 = 144) are known as a gross; and twelve gross (123 = 1,728, the duodecimal 1,000) are called a great gross, a term most often used when shipping or buying items in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duodecimal
The duodecimal system (also known as base 12, dozenal, or, rarely, uncial) is a positional notation numeral system using twelve as its base. The number twelve (that is, the number written as "12" in the decimal numerical system) is instead written as "10" in duodecimal (meaning "1 dozen and 0 units", instead of "1 ten and 0 units"), whereas the digit string "12" means "1 dozen and 2 units" (decimal 14). Similarly, in duodecimal, "100" means "1 gross", "1000" means "1 great gross", and "0.1" means "1 twelfth" (instead of their decimal meanings "1 hundred", "1 thousand", and "1 tenth", respectively). Various symbols have been used to stand for ten and eleven in duodecimal notation; this page uses and , as in hexadecimal, which make a duodecimal count from zero to twelve read 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, , , 10. The Dozenal Societies of America and Great Britain (organisations promoting the use of duodecimal) use turned digits in their published ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gross (unit)
In English and related languages, several terms involving the words "great" or "gross" relate to numbers involving a multiple of exponents of twelve ( dozen): *A gross refers to a group of 144 items (a dozen dozen or a square dozen, 122). *A great gross refers to a group of 1728 items (a dozen gross or a cubic dozen, 123)... *A small gross or a great hundred refers to a group of 120 items (ten dozen, 10×12). The term can be abbreviated ''gr.'' or ''gro.'', and dates from the early 15th century. It derives from the Old French ''grosse douzaine'', meaning "large dozen”. The continued use of these terms in measurement and counting represents the duodecimal number system. This has led groups such as the Dozenal Society of America to advocate for wider use of "gross" and related terms instead of the decimal The decimal numeral system (also called the base-ten positional numeral system and denary or decanary) is the standard system for denoting integer and non-integer numbers. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Small Gross
In English and related languages, several terms involving the words "great" or "gross" relate to numbers involving a multiple of exponents of twelve (dozen): *A gross refers to a group of 144 items (a dozen dozen or a square dozen, 122). *A great gross refers to a group of 1728 items (a dozen gross or a cubic dozen, 123)... *A small gross or a great hundred refers to a group of 120 items (ten dozen, 10×12). The term can be abbreviated ''gr.'' or ''gro.'', and dates from the early 15th century. It derives from the Old French ''grosse douzaine'', meaning "large dozen”. The continued use of these terms in measurement and counting represents the duodecimal number system. This has led groups such as the Dozenal Society of America to advocate for wider use of "gross" and related terms instead of the decimal system.. See also * Long hundred The long hundred, also known as the great hundred or twelfty, is the number 120 (in base-10 Arabic numerals) that was referred to as "hundre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
12 (number)
12 (twelve) is the natural number following 11 and preceding 13. Twelve is a superior highly composite number, divisible by 2, 3, 4, and 6. It is the number of years required for an orbital period of Jupiter. It is central to many systems of timekeeping, including the Western calendar and units of time of day and frequently appears in the world's major religions. Name Twelve is the largest number with a single-syllable name in English. Early Germanic numbers have been theorized to have been non- decimal: evidence includes the unusual phrasing of eleven and twelve, the former use of "hundred" to refer to groups of 120, and the presence of glosses such as "tentywise" or "ten-count" in medieval texts showing that writers could not presume their readers would normally understand them that way. Such uses gradually disappeared with the introduction of Arabic numerals during the 12th-century Renaissance. Derived from Old English, ' and ' are first attested in the 10t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
144 (number)
144 (one hundred ndforty-four) is the natural number following 143 and preceding 145. 144 is a dozen dozens, or one gross. In mathematics 144 is the twelfth Fibonacci number, and the largest one to also be a square, as the square of 12 (which is also its index in the Fibonacci sequence), following 89 and preceding 233. 144 is the smallest number with exactly 15 divisors, but it is not highly composite since the smaller number 120 has 16 divisors. 144 is divisible by the value of its φ function, which returns 48 in this case. Also, there are 21 solutions to the equation φ(''x'') = 144, more than any integer below 144, making it a highly totient number. 144 = 27 + 84 + 110 + 133, the smallest number whose fifth power is a sum of four (smaller) fifth powers. This solution was found in 1966 by L. J. Lander and T. R. Parkin, and disproved Euler's sum of powers conjecture. 144 is in base 10 a sum-product number, as well as the sum of a twin prime pair (71 + 73). The ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Gross
1728 is the natural number following 1727 and preceding 1729. 1728 is a dozen gross, one great gross (or grand gross). It is the number of cubic inches in a cubic foot. It is also the number of daily chants of the Hare Krishna mantra by a Hare Krishna devotee. The number comes from 16 rounds on a 108 japamala bead. In mathematics 1728 is the cube of 12 and, as such, is important in the duodecimal number system, in which it is represented as "1000". * 1728 = 123 * 1728 = 33 × 43 * 1728 = 23 × 63 * 1728 = 63 + 83 + 103 * 1728 = 242 + 242 + 242 * 1728 = 2893 + 2873 + (−288)3 + (−288)3 * 28 divisors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18, 24, 27, 32, 36, 48, 54, 64, 72, 96, 108, 144, 192, 216, 288, 432, 576, 864, 1728 1728 is the number of directed open knight's tours on a chessboard. 1728 occurs in the algebraic formula for the j-invariant of an elliptic curve, as a function over a complex variable on the upper half-plane \,\mathcal : \, :j(\tau) = 1728 \frac = 1728 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It is the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System and the largest and most massive relative to its parent planet, with a diameter about one-quarter that of Earth (comparable to the width of Australia). The Moon is a planetary-mass object with a differentiated rocky body, making it a satellite planet under the geophysical definitions of the term and larger than all known dwarf planets of the Solar System. It lacks any significant atmosphere, hydrosphere, or magnetic field. Its surface gravity is about one-sixth of Earth's at , with Jupiter's moon Io being the only satellite in the Solar System known to have a higher surface gravity and density. The Moon orbits Earth at an average distance of , or about 30 times Earth's diameter. Its gravitational influence is the main driver of Earth's tides and very slowly lengthens Earth's day. The Moon's orbit around Earth has a sidereal period of 27.3 days. During each s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexagesimal
Sexagesimal, also known as base 60 or sexagenary, is a numeral system with sixty as its base. It originated with the ancient Sumerians in the 3rd millennium BC, was passed down to the ancient Babylonians, and is still used—in a modified form—for measuring time, angles, and geographic coordinates. The number 60, a superior highly composite number, has twelve factors, namely 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60, of which 2, 3, and 5 are prime numbers. With so many factors, many fractions involving sexagesimal numbers are simplified. For example, one hour can be divided evenly into sections of 30 minutes, 20 minutes, 15 minutes, 12 minutes, 10 minutes, 6 minutes, 5 minutes, 4 minutes, 3 minutes, 2 minutes, and 1 minute. 60 is the smallest number that is divisible by every number from 1 to 6; that is, it is the lowest common multiple of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. ''In this article, all sexagesimal digits are represented as decimal numbers, except where otherwise noted. Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1728 (number)
1728 is the natural number following 1727 and preceding 1729. 1728 is a dozen gross, one great gross (or grand gross). It is the number of cubic inches in a cubic foot. It is also the number of daily chants of the Hare Krishna mantra by a Hare Krishna devotee. The number comes from 16 rounds on a 108 japamala bead. In mathematics 1728 is the cube of 12 and, as such, is important in the duodecimal number system, in which it is represented as "1000". * 1728 = 123 * 1728 = 33 × 43 * 1728 = 23 × 63 * 1728 = 63 + 83 + 103 * 1728 = 242 + 242 + 242 * 1728 = 2893 + 2873 + (−288)3 + (−288)3 * 28 divisors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18, 24, 27, 32, 36, 48, 54, 64, 72, 96, 108, 144, 192, 216, 288, 432, 576, 864, 1728 1728 is the number of directed open knight's tours on a chessboard. 1728 occurs in the algebraic formula for the j-invariant of an elliptic curve, as a function over a complex variable on the upper half-plane \,\mathcal : \, :j(\tau) = 1728 \frac = 1728 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal Number
In mathematics, cardinal numbers, or cardinals for short, are a generalization of the natural numbers used to measure the cardinality (size) of sets. The cardinality of a finite set is a natural number: the number of elements in the set. The '' transfinite'' cardinal numbers, often denoted using the Hebrew symbol \aleph (aleph) followed by a subscript, describe the sizes of infinite sets. Cardinality is defined in terms of bijective functions. Two sets have the same cardinality if, and only if, there is a one-to-one correspondence (bijection) between the elements of the two sets. In the case of finite sets, this agrees with the intuitive notion of size. In the case of infinite sets, the behavior is more complex. A fundamental theorem due to Georg Cantor shows that it is possible for infinite sets to have different cardinalities, and in particular the cardinality of the set of real numbers is greater than the cardinality of the set of natural numbers. It is also poss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collective Number
In linguistics, singulative number and collective number (abbreviated and ) are terms used when the grammatical number for multiple items is the unmarked form of a noun, and the noun is specially marked to indicate a single item. This is the opposite of the more common singular–plural pattern, where a noun is unmarked when it represents one item, and is marked to represent more than one item. In some cases, a further distinction is made between the collective and what is known in some terminologies as the plurative, the former referencing multiple items as a class, the latter referencing them as individual units. Greenberg's linguistic universal #35 states that no language is purely singulative-collective in the sense that plural is always the null morpheme and singular is not. Examples Welsh Welsh has two systems of grammatical number, singular–plural and collective–singulative. Since the loss of the noun inflection system of earlier Celtic, plurals have become u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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