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Diachylon
Diachylon (from Latin ''diachȳlōn'', representing Greek ', " medicamentcomposed of juices"),, . also rendered diachylum or diaculum, was originally a kind of medicament made of the juices of several plants (thus its name), but now commonly the name for lead- plaster, ''emplastrum plumbi''—a plaster made of lead oxide boiled together with olive oil and water. It is applied to sheets of linen, and works as an adhesive plaster when heated. Historically, several different types of diachylons have been described. White, or simple, diachylon is compounded of common oil, litharge of gold ( litharge mixed with red lead), and adhesives drawn from the root of the '' Althaea'', the seeds of flax and fenugreek. The diachylon called ''direatum'' has for its basis the common white diachylon, but with every pound of which is mixed an ounce of powder of Iris; this plaster digests, incides, and ripens with more force than the simple diachylon. There is also the ''great diachylon'', o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamomile
Chamomile (American English) or camomile (British English; see spelling differences) ( or ) is the common name for several plants of the family Asteraceae. Two of the species, '' Matricaria recutita'' and '' Anthemis nobilis'', are commonly used to make herbal infusions for beverages. There is insufficient scientific evidence that consuming chamomile in foods or beverages has any beneficial effects on health. Etymology The word ''chamomile'' is derived via the French and Latin, from the Greek grc, χαμαίμηλον, khamaimēlon, earth apple, label=none, from grc, χαμαί, khamai, on the ground, label=none, and grc, μῆλον, mēlon, apple, label=none. First used in the 13th century, the spelling ''chamomile'' corresponds to the Latin and the Greek . The spelling ''camomile'' is a British derivation from the French. Species Some commonly used species include: * ''Matricaria chamomilla'' – often called "German chamomile" or "Water of Youth" * '' Chamaemelu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Pharmacy
The history of pharmacy as an independent science dates back to the first third of the 19th century. Before then, pharmacy evolved from antiquity as part of medicine. The history of pharmacy coincides well with the history of medicine, but it's important that there is a distinction between the two topics. Pharmaceuticals is one of the most-researched fields in the academic industry, but the history surrounding that particular topic is sparse compared to the impact its made world-wide. Before the advent of pharmacists, there existed apothecaries that worked alongside priests and physicians in regard to patient care. Prehistoric Pharmacy Paleopharmacological studies attest to the use of medicinal plants in pre-history. For example, herbs were discovered in the Shanidar Cave, and remains of the areca nut ('' Areca catechu)'' in the Spirit Cave. Prehistoric man learned pharmaceutical techniques through instinct, by watching birds and beasts, and using cool water, leaves, dirt, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adhesives
Adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation. The use of adhesives offers certain advantages over other binding techniques such as sewing, mechanical fastenings, or welding. These include the ability to bind different materials together, the more efficient distribution of stress across a joint, the cost-effectiveness of an easily mechanized process, and greater flexibility in design. Disadvantages of adhesive use include decreased stability at high temperatures, relative weakness in bonding large objects with a small bonding surface area, and greater difficulty in separating objects during testing. Adhesives are typically organized by the method of adhesion followed by ''reactive'' or ''non-reactive'', a term which refers to whether the adhesive chemically reacts in order to harden. Alternatively, they can be organized eithe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sagapenum
Sagapenum (Greek ''σᾰγάπηνον'', ''σικβινίτζα'' (Du Cange), ''σεραπίων''; Arabic ''sakbīnadj''; Latin ''sagapenum'', ''sagapium'', ''seraphinum'' ( Pharm. Witenbergica)) is a historical plant from Media, identified with '' Ferula persica'' and '' Ferula szowitziana'', also denoting its yellow translucent resin, which causes irritation of the skin and whose smell resembles that of asafoetida. History Pliny ('' Historia Naturalis'' 12.126, 19.167, 20.197) holds that sagapenum is similar to ammoniacum, and mentions its use in adultering laser. According to Dioscorides (''De materia medica'' 3.85, 95), sagapenum smells like silphium and galbanum Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin and a product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species in the genus ''Ferula'', chiefly '' Ferula gummosa'' (synonym ''F. galbaniflua'') and '' Ferula rubricaulis''. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifull ..., and has expectorant, topical, anti-convulsant, and abortifaci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galbanum
Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin and a product of certain umbelliferous Persian plant species in the genus ''Ferula'', chiefly '' Ferula gummosa'' (synonym ''F. galbaniflua'') and '' Ferula rubricaulis''. Galbanum-yielding plants grow plentifully on the slopes of the mountain ranges of northern Iran. It occurs usually in hard or soft, irregular, more or less translucent and shining lumps, or occasionally in separate tears, of a light-brown, yellowish or greenish-yellow colour. Galbanum has a disagreeable, bitter taste, a peculiar, a somewhat musky odour, and an intense green scent. With a specific gravity of 1.212, it contains about 8% terpenes; about 65% of a resin which contains sulfur; about 20% gum; and a very small quantity of the colorless crystalline substance umbelliferone. It also contains α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, cadinene, 3-carene, and ocimene. Uses Biblical use In the Book of Exodus 30:34, it is mentioned as being used in the making of the '' Ketoret'' w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gum Ammoniac
Ammoniacum or the gum ammoniac is a gum-resin exuded from the several perennial herbs in the genus ''Ferula'' of the umbel family (Apiaceae). There are three types of ammoniacum: the gums ammoniac of Cyrenaica, of Persia (the commercial one today), and of Morocco. Ammoniac of Cyrenaica Ammoniacum was first documented in the 1st century by Dioscorides in his ''De materia medica''. It got its name from the Temple of Jupiter Ammon in ancient Libya (located in the Siwa Oasis of Egypt today) near which it was produced. It is called the gum ammoniac of Cyrenaica to differentiate it from the commercial one used today, and its source plant has been identified as ''Ferula marmarica'' native to Libya and Egypt. The export of the gum ammoniac of Cyrenaica to Europe declined after Arab and Turk domination of the Middle East, but probably continued at least until the 18th century, as Linnaeus still cited Libya and Egypt as the places of origin of ammoniacum in his ''Materia medica''. Ammon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyssop
''Hyssopus officinalis'' or hyssop is a shrub in the Lamiaceae or mint family native to Southern Europe, the Middle East, and the region surrounding the Caspian Sea. Due to its purported properties as an antiseptic, cough reliever, and expectorant, it has been used in traditional herbal medicine. Description Hyssop is a brightly coloured shrub or subshrub that ranges from in height. The stem is woody at the base, from which grow a number of upright branches. Its leaves are lanceolate, dark green, and from long. During the summer, hyssop produces pink, blue, or, more rarely, white fragrant flowers. These give rise to small oblong tetra-achenes. History A plant called hyssop has been in use since classical antiquity. Its name is a direct adaptation from the Greek ὕσσωπος (). The Hebrew word אזוב (''ezov'', ''esov'', or ''esob'') and the Greek word ὕσσωπος probably share a common (but unknown) origin. The name hyssop appears as a translation of ''ezov'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drimia Maritima
''Drimia maritima'' (syn. ''Urginea maritima'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Scilloideae (formerly the family Hyacinthaceae). This species is known by several common names, including squill, sea squill, sea onion, and maritime squill.''Drimia maritima'' (maritime squill). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It may also be called red squill, particularly a form which produces red-tinged flowers instead of white. It is native to southern Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Description 
This plant grows from ...
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Isinglass
Isinglass () is a substance obtained from the dried swim bladders of fish. It is a form of collagen used mainly for the clarification or fining of some beer and wine. It can also be cooked into a paste for specialised gluing purposes. The English word origin is from the obsolete Dutch ''huizenblaas'' – ''huizen'' is a kind of sturgeon, and ''blaas'' is a bladder, or German ''Hausenblase'', meaning essentially the same. Although originally made exclusively from sturgeon, especially beluga, in 1795 an invention by William Murdoch facilitated a cheap substitute using cod. This was extensively used in Britain in place of Russian isinglass, and in the US hake was important. In modern British brewing all commercial isinglass products are blends of material from a limited range of tropical fish. The bladders, once removed from the fish, processed, and dried, are formed into various shapes for use. Foods and drinks Before the inexpensive production of gelatin and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anethum
''Anethum'' is a flowering plant genus in the family Apiaceae, native to the Middle East and the Sahara in northern Africa. Taxonomy The genus name comes from the Latin language, Latin form of Greek language, Greek words ''anison'', ''anīson'', ''anīthon'' and ''anīton'', which all meant "dill" and "anise"; anise is now placed in a different genus named ''Pimpinella''. Species There are 4 recognized species in this genus, they are: * ''Dill, Anethum graveolens'' L. – dill * ''Anethum involucratum'' Korovin * ''Anethum patulum'' L. ex B.D.Jacks. * ''Anethum theurkauffii'' Maire References Apioideae Apioideae genera {{Apiaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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