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Contextual Learning
Contextual learning is based on a constructivist theory of teaching and learning. Learning takes place when teachers are able to present information in such a way that students are able to construct meaning based on their own experiences. Contextual learning experiences include internships, service learning and study abroad programs. Contextual learning has the following characteristics: * emphasizing problem solving * recognizing that teaching and learning need to occur in multiple contexts * assisting students in learning how to monitor their learning and thereby become self-regulated learners * anchoring teaching in the diverse life context of students * encouraging students to learn from each other * employing authentic assessment Key elements Current perspectives on what it means for learning to be contextualized include * situated cognition – all learning is applied knowledge * social cognition – intrapersonal constructs * distributed cognition – constructs that are c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constructivism (learning Theory)
Constructivism may refer to: Art and architecture * Constructivism (art), an early 20th-century artistic movement that extols art as a practice for social purposes * Constructivist architecture, an architectural movement in Russia in the 1920s and 1930s Education * Constructivism (philosophy of education), a theory about the nature of learning that focuses on how humans make meaning from their experiences * Constructivism in science education * Constructivist teaching methods, based on constructivist learning theory Mathematics * Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics), a logic for founding mathematics that accepts only objects that can be effectively constructed * Constructivist type theory Philosophy * Constructivism (philosophy of mathematics), a philosophical view that asserts the necessity of constructing a mathematical object to prove that it exists * Constructivism (philosophy of science), a philosophical view maintaining that science consists of mental constructs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intern
An internship is a period of work experience offered by an organization for a limited period of time. Once confined to medical graduates, internship is used practice for a wide range of placements in businesses, non-profit organizations and government agencies. They are typically undertaken by students and graduates looking to gain relevant skills and experience in a particular field. Employers benefit from these placements because they often recruit employees from their best interns, who have known capabilities, thus saving time and money in the long run. Internships are usually arranged by third-party organizations that recruit interns on behalf of industry groups. Rules vary from country to country about when interns should be regarded as employees. The system can be open to exploitation by unscrupulous employers. Internships for professional careers are similar in some ways. Similar to internships, apprenticeships transition students from vocational school into the workfor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Service Learning
Service-learning is an educational approach that combines learning objectives with community service in order to provide a pragmatic, progressive learning experience while meeting societal needs. Service-learning involves students in service projects to apply classroom learning for local agencies that exist to effect positive change in the community. The National Youth Leadership Council defines service learning as "a philosophy, pedagogy, and model for community development that is used as an instructional strategy to meet learning goals and/or content standards." Author Barbara Jacoby defines service-learning as "...a form of experiential education in which students engage in activities that address human and community needs together with structured opportunities for reflection designed to achieve desired learning outcomes." Service learning is a combination of what we know as formal education and applying that learning in a service oriented way. It is a type of educational phi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Study Abroad
International students, or foreign students, are students who undertake all or part of their tertiary education in a country other than their own and move to that country for the purpose of studying. In 2019, there were over 6 million international students, up from 2 million in 2000. The most popular destinations were the United States (with 976,853 international students), Australia (509,160 students), and the United Kingdom (489,019 students), which together receive 33% of international students. National definitions The definition of "foreign student" and "international student" varies in each country in accordance to their own national education system. In the US, international students are " dividuals studying in the United States on a non-immigrant, temporary visa that allows for academic study at the post- secondary level." In Europe, students from countries who are a part of the European Union can take part in a student exchange program called the Erasmus Programme. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-determination Theory
Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's innate growth tendencies and innate psychological needs. It pertains to the motivation behind people's choices in the absence of external influences and distractions. SDT focuses on the degree to which human behavior is self-motivated and self-determined. In the 1970s, research on SDT evolved from studies comparing intrinsic and extrinsic motives, and from growing understanding of the dominant role that intrinsic motivation played in individual behavior.e.g. Lepper, M. K., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R. (1973). Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the "overjustification" hypothesis. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', ''28'', 129–137. It was not until the mid-1980s Edward L. Deci and Richard Ryan wrote a book titled "''Self-Determination and Intrinsic Motivation in Human Behavior''" that SDT was formally introduced an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with pronouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of pronoun ''thee'') when followed by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Context-based Learning
Context-based learning (CBL) refers to the use of real-life and fictitious examples in teaching environments in order to learn through the actual, practical experience with a subject rather than just its mere theoretical parts. CBL is student centred approach to teaching and learning, utilising scenarios to replicate the social and political context of the students working/or potential working environment In the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ..., CBL is often referred to as ''the Salters' approach'' due to the efforts of the Salters' Company in creating teaching material in the field of chemistry. It can be generalized as: "The most important single factor influencing learning is the active engagement of the learner with the material. Obtain this � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Experiential Learning
Experiential learning (ExL) is the process of learning through experience, and is more narrowly defined as "learning through reflection on doing". Hands-on learning can be a form of experiential learning, but does not necessarily involve students reflecting on their product. Experiential learning is distinct from rote or didactic learning, in which the learner plays a comparatively passive role. It is related to, but not synonymous with, other forms of active learning such as action learning, adventure learning, free-choice learning, cooperative learning, service-learning, and situated learning.Itin, C. M. (1999). Reasserting the Philosophy of Experiential Education as a Vehicle for Change in the 21st Century. ''The Journal of Physical Education'' 22(2), p. 91-98. Experiential learning is often used synonymously with the term " experiential education", but while experiential education is a broader philosophy of education, experiential learning considers the individual learnin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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