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Common Beech
''Fagus sylvatica'', the European beech or common beech is a deciduous tree belonging to the beech family Fagaceae. Description ''Fagus sylvatica'' is a large tree, capable of reaching heights of up to tall and trunk diameter, though more typically tall and up to trunk diameter. A 10-year-old sapling will stand about tall. It has a typical lifespan of 150–200 years, though sometimes up to 300 years. In cultivated forest stands trees are normally harvested at 80–120 years of age. 30 years are needed to attain full maturity (as compared to 40 for American beech). Like most trees, its form depends on the location: in forest areas, ''F. sylvatica'' grows to over , with branches being high up on the trunk. In open locations, it will become much shorter (typically ) and more massive. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire or with a slightly crenate margin, long and 3–7 cm broad, with 6–7 veins on each side of the leaf (as opposed to 7–10 veins in '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical region. Italy is also considered part of Western Europe, and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. It has a territorial exclave in Switzerland, Campione. Italy covers an area of , with a population of over 60 million. It is the third-most populous member state of the European Union, the sixth-most populous country in Europe, and the tenth-largest country in the continent by land area. Italy's capital and largest city is Rome. Italy was the native place of many civilizations such as the Italic peoples and the Etruscans, while due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, the country has also historicall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fagus Sylvatica Pliocenica MHNT
Beech (''Fagus'') is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America. Recent classifications recognize 10 to 13 species in two distinct subgenera, ''Engleriana'' and ''Fagus''. The ''Engleriana'' subgenus is found only in East Asia, distinctive for its low branches, often made up of several major trunks with yellowish bark. The better known ''Fagus'' subgenus beeches are high-branching with tall, stout trunks and smooth silver-grey bark. The European beech (''Fagus sylvatica'') is the most commonly cultivated. Beeches are monoecious, bearing both male and female flowers on the same plant. The small flowers are unisexual, the female flowers borne in pairs, the male flowers wind-pollinating catkins. They are produced in spring shortly after the new leaves appear. The fruit of the beech tree, known as beechnuts or mast, is found in small burrs that drop from the tree in autumn. They are small, roughly triangular, and edible ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cenococcum Geophilum
''Cenococcum geophilum'' Fr., synonym ''Cenococcum graniforme'' (Sow.) Ferd. and Winge, is an Ascomycete fungal species and is the only member in the genus ''Cenococcum''. It is one of the most common ectomycorrhizal fungal species encountered in forest ecosystems. The geographic distribution of the species is notably cosmopolitan; it is found in ecosystems with a wide range of environmental conditions, and in many cases in high relative frequency. Because of its wide distribution and abundance in forest soils, it is one of the most well-studied ectomycorrhizal fungal species. While the species has long been known to be sterile and not produce asexual or sexual spores, cryptic sexual stages may exist.Spatafora, J. W., Owensby, C. A., Douhan, G. W., Boehm, E. W., & Schoch, C. L. (2012). Phylogenetic placement of the ectomycorrhizal genus Cenococcum in Gloniaceae (Dothideomycetes). Mycologia, 104(3), 758-765. The hyphae produced by ''C. geophilum'' are characterized by their thick ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomentella
''Tomentella'' is a genus of corticioid fungi in the family Thelephoraceae. The genus is ectomycorrhizal, and widespread, with about 80 species according to a 2008 estimate, although many new species have since been described. ''Tomentella'' was circumscribed by French mycologist Narcisse Théophile Patouillard in 1887. Species *'' T. africana'' – Benin (West Africa) *'' T. afrostuposa'' *'' T. agbassaensis'' *'' T. agereri'' *''Tomentella alpina'' *'' T. angulospora'' *'' T. asperula'' *'' T. atroarenicolor'' *'' T. atrovirens'' *'' T. aurantiaca'' *'' T. badia'' *'' T. beaverae'' – Seychelles *'' T. brevispina'' *'' T. brunneorufa'' *'' T. bryophila'' *'' T. calcicola'' *'' T. carbonaria'' *'' T. cinerascens'' *'' T. cinereoumbrina'' *'' T. clavigera'' *'' T. coerulea'' *'' T. crinalis'' *'' T. donkii'' *'' T. duemmeri'' *'' T. ellisii'' *'' T. epigaea'' *'' T. ferruginea'' *'' T. ferruginella'' *'' T. fibrosa'' *'' T. fragilis'' *'' T. fraseri'' *'' T. fungicola'' *'' T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramaria Flavosaponaria
''Ramaria flavosaponaria'' is a species of coral fungus in the family Gomphaceae. It is found in the mountains of eastern North America from Georgia and Tennessee to Nova Scotia. Names The specific epithet is from the ('yellow') and ('soapy'), both of which are distinguishing features of the mushroom. The name was originally published as ''Ramaria flavo-saponaria'', including a hyphen. However, this is considered erroneous by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, so the proper orthography is ''Ramaria flavosaponaria''. Before being formally described in 1986 by Ron Petersen, the species was labelled in scientific collections under various names. ''Ramaria aurea'' sensu mihi was used for its resemblance to the European ''Ramaria aurea''. It was also sometimes labeled ''Ramaria aquafaba'', at least as early as 1969, predating the 2015 coinage of the term aquafaba in an unrelated culinary usage. This term possibly relates to the use of som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laccaria Amethystina
''Laccaria amethystina'', commonly known as the "amethyst deceiver", is a small brightly colored mushroom, that grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. The mushroom itself is edible, but can absorb arsenic from the soil. Because its bright amethyst coloration fades with age and weathering, it becomes difficult to identify, hence the common name "deceiver". This common name is shared with its close relation ''Laccaria laccata'' that also fades and weathers. It is found mainly in Northern temperate zones, though it is reported to occur in tropical Central and South America as well. Recently, some of the other species in the genus have been given the common name of "deceiver". Taxonomy This species was first described in 1778 by well-known English botanist and apothecary William Hudson as ''Agaricus amethystinus'', and later put into the genus '' Laccaria'' by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke. The amethyst deceiver has had many binomials over a great many years, but reference to the am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russula
''Russula'' is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushroom collectors. Their distinguishing characteristics include usually brightly coloured caps, a white to dark yellow spore print, brittle, attached gills, an absence of latex, and absence of partial veil or volva tissue on the stem. Microscopically, the genus is characterised by the amyloid ornamented spores and flesh (trama) composed of spherocysts. Members of the related genus ''Lactarius'' have similar characteristics but emit a milky latex when their gills are broken. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796. Taxonomy Christian Hendrik Persoon first circumscribed the genus ''Russula'' in his 1796 work ''Observationes Mycologicae'', and considered the defining characteristics to be the fleshy fruit bodies, depress ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectomycorrhiza
An ectomycorrhiza (from Greek ἐκτός ', "outside", μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. ectomycorrhizas or ectomycorrhizae, abbreviated EcM) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont, or mycobiont, and the roots of various plant species. The mycobiont is often from the phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, and more rarely from the Zygomycota. Ectomycorrhizas form on the roots of around 2% of plant species, usually woody plants, including species from the birch, dipterocarp, myrtle, beech, willow, pine and rose families. Research on ectomycorrhizas is increasingly important in areas such as ecosystem management and restoration, forestry and agriculture. Unlike other mycorrhizal relationships, such as arbuscular mycorrhiza and ericoid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhizal fungi do not penetrate their host's cell walls. Instead they form an entirely intercellular interface known as the Hartig net, consisting of highly branched hyp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bodø
Bodø (; smj, Bådåddjo, sv, Bodö) is a municipality in Nordland county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Salten. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Bodø (which is also the capital of Nordland county). Some of the notable villages in Bodø include Misvær, Skjerstad, Saltstraumen, Løding, Løpsmarka, Kjerringøy, Sørvær, and Fenes. The municipality of Bodø is located just north of the Arctic Circle and the town of Bodø is the largest urban area and town in Nordland county, and the second largest town in North Norway. The municipality is the 66th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Bodø is the 19th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 52,803. The municipality's population density is and its population has increased by 9% over the previous 10-year period. Bodø was named one of the European Capitals of Culture for 2024. It is also home to football club Bodø/Glimt, the northern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Native Plant
In biogeography, a native species is indigenous to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only local natural evolution (though often popularised as "with no human intervention") during history. The term is equivalent to the concept of indigenous or autochthonous species. Every wild organism (as opposed to a domesticated organism) is known as an introduced species within the regions where it was anthropogenically introduced. If an introduced species causes substantial ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage, it may be regarded more specifically as an invasive species. The notion of nativity is often a blurred concept, as it is a function of both time and political boundaries. Over long periods of time, local conditions and migratory patterns are constantly changing as tectonic plates move, join, and split. Natural climate change (which is much slower than human-caused climate change) changes sea level, ice cover, temperature, and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viking Age
The Viking Age () was the period during the Middle Ages when Norsemen known as Vikings undertook large-scale raiding, colonizing, conquest, and trading throughout Europe and reached North America. It followed the Migration Period and the Germanic Iron Age. The Viking Age applies not only to their homeland of Scandinavia but also to any place significantly settled by Scandinavians during the period. The Scandinavians of the Viking Age are often referred to as ''Vikings'' as well as ''Norsemen'', although few of them were Vikings in sense of being engaged in piracy. Voyaging by sea from their homelands in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, the Norse people settled in the British Isles, Ireland, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, Greenland, Normandy, and the Baltic coast and along the Dnieper and Volga trade routes in eastern Europe, where they were also known as Varangians. They also briefly settled in Newfoundland, becoming the first Europeans to reach North America. The Norse-Gaels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harry Godwin
Sir Harry Godwin, FRS (9 May 1901 – 12 August 1985) was a prominent English botanist and ecologist of the 20th century. He is considered to be an influential peatland scientist, who coined the phrase "peat archives" in 1981. He had a long association with Clare College, Cambridge. Early life Godwin was born in Yorkshire and soon after moved to Long Eaton, Derbyshire. He had a successful school career and gained a scholarship to Clare College, Cambridge in 1918, gaining his PhD in 1926. He was to be closely involved with Clare College for the rest of his life. It was at this time that he first made friends with the ecologist Arthur Tansley who was to be an important influence on Godwin for many years. Work In the early 1930s Harry and his wife Margaret were "dynamic botanists" who, together with the archaeologist Grahame Clark, led a small group of young academics at the University of Cambridge which aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the environment of past societies by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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