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Collards
Collard is a group of loose-leafed cultivars of ''Brassica oleracea'' (the same species as many common vegetables like cabbage and broccoli). Part of the acephala cultivar group (or kale group), collard is also classified as the variety ''B. oleracea'' var. ''viridis''. The plants are grown as a food crop for their large, dark-green, edible leaves, which are cooked and eaten as vegetables. Collard greens have been cultivated as food since classical antiquity. Nomenclature The term '' colewort'' is a medieval term for non-heading brassica crops. The term collard has been used to include many non-heading ''Brassica oleracea'' crops. While American collards are best placed in the ''Viridis'' crop group, the acephala (Greek for 'without a head') cultivar group is also used referring to a lack of close-knit core of leaves (a "head") like cabbage does, making collards more tolerant of high humidity levels and less susceptible to fungal diseases. In Africa, it is known as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kale
Kale (), also called leaf cabbage, belongs to a group of cabbage (''Brassica oleracea'') cultivars primarily grown for their Leaf vegetable, edible leaves; it has also been used as an ornamental plant. Its multiple different cultivars vary quite a bit in appearance; the leaves can be bumpy, curly, or flat, and the color ranges from purple to green. Description Kale plants have green or purple leaves, and the central leaves do not form a head, as with headed cabbage. The stems can be white or red, and can be tough even when cooked. Etymology The name ''kale'' originates from Northern Middle English ''cale'' (compare Scots language, Scots ''kail'' and German ''Kohl'') for various cabbages. The ultimate origin is Latin ''caulis'' 'cabbage'. Cultivation Derived from wild mustard, kale is considered to be closer to wild cabbage than most domesticated forms of ''B. oleracea''. Kale is usually a biennial plant grown from seed with a wide range of germination temperatures. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brassica Oleracea
''Brassica oleracea'', also known as wild cabbage in its uncultivated form, is a plant of the family Brassicaceae. The species originated from feral populations of related plants in the Eastern Mediterranean, where it was most likely first cultivated. It has many common cultivars used as vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprout, Collard (plant), collard, Savoy cabbage, kohlrabi, and gai lan. Description Wild ''B. oleracea'' is a tall biennial plant, biennial or perennial plant that forms a stout Rosette (botany), rosette of large leaves in the first year. The grayish-green leaves are fleshy and thick, helping the plant store water and nutrients in difficult environments. In its second year, a woody spike grows up to tall, from which branch off stems with long clusters of yellow four-petaled flowers. Taxonomy Origins According to the Triangle of U theory, ''B. oleracea'' is very closely related to five other species of the genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashmiri Cuisine
Kashmiri cuisine refers to the traditional culinary practices of the Kashmiris, Kashmiri people, primarily from the Kashmir Valley in the Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. The cuisine has strong influences from neighbouring regions in central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Rice has been a staple food in Kashmir since ancient times. The equivalent for the phrase "bread and butter" in Kashmiri language, Kashmiri is ''haakh-batte'' (greens and rice). Kashmiri cuisine is generally meat-heavy. The region has, per capita, the highest mutton consumers in the subcontinent. In a majority of Kashmiri cooking, bread is not part of the meal. Bread is generally only eaten with tea in the morning or evening. A typical Kashmiri meal consists of a generous serving of rice (about 250 g), mutton (100 g) and vegetables (about 100 g, mostly greens) cooked in oil, and Yogurt, yoghurt (50 to 250 g). The cooking methods of vegetables, mutton, homemade cheese (paneer) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paratrichodorus
''Paratrichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae Family (biology), family (trichorids), being one of five genera.Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012. They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors. The females are didelphic (two genital tracts), and are distributed worldwide. Taxonomy Historically, ''Trichodorus'' formed the only genus in the Trichodoridae family. Then ''Trichodorus'' was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi, ''Trichodorus'' and ''Paratrichodorus''. The genus, which is the second largest in the family consists of 34 species.[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichodorus
''Trichodorus'' is a genus of terrestrial root feeding (stubby-root) nematodes in the Trichodoridae family (trichorids), being one of five genera.Order Triplochida: Paratrichodorus Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012. They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors. Taxonomy As originally described by Cobb in 1913, ''Trichodorus'' was the only genus in its family. However, in 1974 the genus was split into two genera in 1974 by Siddiqi,SIDDIQI M.R. (1974). Systematics of the genus ''Trichodorus'' Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda: Dorylaimida), with descriptions of three new species. Nematologica, 19 : 259-278. ''Trichodorus'' and '' |
Belonolaimus Longicaudatus
''Belonolaimus longicaudatus'' (Sting nematode) is a common parasite of grasses and other plant crops and products. It is the most destructive nematode pest of turf grass, and it also attacks a wide range of fruit, vegetable, and fiber crops such as citrus, cotton, ornamentals, and forage. The sting nematode is a migratory ectoparasite of roots. It is well established in many golf courses and presents a problem in turf management. The sting nematode is only present in very sandy soils. It cannot reproduce in heavier or clay soils. History The genus was originally described by Steiner in 1942 but because of WWII the work was not published until 1949 (''B. gracilis'', Steiner 1949). Rau (1958) further refined the anatomical description and clarified the genus to note that there were several species, most common of which is ''B. longicaudatus''. Description A long nematode compared to other plant parasitic nematodes at 2–3 mm for both the male and female. Description: The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlorosis
In botany, chlorosis is a condition in which leaves produce insufficient chlorophyll. As chlorophyll is responsible for the green color of leaves, chlorotic leaves are pale, yellow, or yellow-white. The affected plant has little or no ability to manufacture carbohydrates through photosynthesis and may die unless the cause of its chlorophyll insufficiency is treated and this may lead to a plant disease called rusts, although some chlorotic plants, such as the albino ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' mutant ''ppi2'', are viable if supplied with exogenous sucrose. The word ''chlorosis'' is derived from the Greek ''khloros'' meaning "greenish-yellow", "pale green", "pale", "pallid", or "fresh". In viticulture, the most common symptom of poor nutrition in grapevines is the yellowing of grape leaves caused by chlorosis and the subsequent loss of chlorophyll. This is often seen in vineyard soils that are high in limestone such as the Italian wine region of Barolo in the Piedmont (wine), Piedmont ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ectoparasite
Parasitism is a Symbiosis, close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives (at least some of the time) on or inside another organism, the Host (biology), host, causing it some harm, and is Adaptation, adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson characterised parasites' way of feeding as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping sickness, and amoebic dysentery; animals such as hookworms, lice, mosquitoes, and vampire bats; fungi such as Armillaria mellea, honey fungus and the agents of ringworm; and plants such as mistletoe, dodder, and the Orobanchaceae, broomrapes. There are six major parasitic Behavioral ecology#Evolutionarily stable strategy, strategies of exploitation of animal hosts, namely parasitic castration, directly transmitted parasitism (by contact), wikt:trophic, trophicallytransmitted parasitism (by being eaten), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolichodorus
''Dolichodorus'' is a genus of nematodes known commonly as awl nematodes.Crow, W. T. and A. S. BrammerAwl nematodes, ''Dolichodorus'' spp.EENY-241. University of Florida IFAS. 2001. Nemaplex. University of California, Davis. They are distributed worldwide. They are of , and some are of agricultural crops. Description These are among the largest plant-parasitic nematodes, reaching in length. They are slender ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belonolaimus Gracilis
''Belonolaimus gracilis'' (pine sting nematode) is a plant pathogenic nematode. References External links Tylenchida Agricultural pest nematodes Nematodes described in 1949 {{Secernentea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains, often called the Appalachians, are a mountain range in eastern to northeastern North America. The term "Appalachian" refers to several different regions associated with the mountain range, and its surrounding terrain. The general definition used is one followed by the United States Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada to describe the respective countries' Physiographic region, physiographic regions. The U.S. uses the term Appalachian Highlands and Canada uses the term Appalachian Uplands; the Appalachian Mountains are not synonymous with the Appalachian Plateau, which is one of the provinces of the Appalachian Highlands. The Appalachian range runs from the Newfoundland (island), Island of Newfoundland in Canada, southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States; south of Newfoundland, it crosses the 96-square-mile (248.6 km2) archipelago of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, an overseas collectivity of France, meaning it is technica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
