|
Codex Of Ibn Mas'ud
The codex of Ibn Mas'ud is a purported mushaf of the Quran that differs from the established mushaf of Uthman and is attributed to Abd Allah ibn Mas'ud, a companion of Muhammed. This variant has not been definitively found in any existing early Quranic manuscript, but details about it are mentioned in literary references and historical accounts. Codex Mashhad is thought to be a combination of the canonized mushaf of Uthman with Ibn Mas'ud's arrangement. Historical accounts are inconsistent regarding the details of Ibn Mas'ud's version. However, the reports indicate that Ibn Mas'ud's mushaf arranges the chapters differently from the canonical version and excludes the first chapter, as well as the two chapters known as Al-Mu'awwidhatayn. It is also believed that Ibn Mas'ud had a special reading that is now forgotten. But there are those who say that Ibn Masoud did not have a specific interpretation, but rather a literal interpretation. He did not exclude Surah Al-Fatihah and Al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushaf
''Mushaf'' (, ; plural ) is an Arabic word for a codex or collection of sheets, but also refers to a written copy of the Quran. The chapters of the Quran, which Muslims believe was revealed during a 23-year period in Muhammad's lifetime, were written on various pieces of paper during Muhammad's era. Two decades later, these papers were assembled into one volume under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan, and this collection has formed the basis of all written copies of the Quran to the present day. In Arabic, ''al-Qur’ān'' means 'the Recitation', and Islam states that it was recited orally by Muhammad after receiving it via the angel Gabriel. The word ''muṣḥaf'' is meant to distinguish between Muhammad's recitations and the physical, written Quran. This term does not appear in the Quran itself, though it does refer to itself as a ''kitāb'' (كِتَابٌ), or book or writings, from yaktubu (يَكْتُبُ) or to write, in many verses. Some Islamic scholars also use the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Fatiha
Al-Fatiha () is the first chapter () of the Quran. It consists of seven verses (') which consist of a prayer for guidance and mercy. Al-Fatiha is recited in Muslim obligatory and voluntary prayers, known as ''salah''. The primary literal meaning of the expression "Al-Fatiha" is "The Opener/The Key". Background The most commonly accepted view about the origins of the ''surah'' is the view of Ibn Abbas, among others, that Al-Fatiha is a Meccan ''surah'', although some believe that it is either a Medinan surah or was revealed in both Mecca and Medina. Most narrators recorded that al-Fātiḥah was the first complete Surah revealed to Muhammad. The name Al-Fatiha ("the Opener") could refer to the ''surah'' being the first in the Mus'hafs, the first to be recited in each '' rakat'' of ''salah'', or to the manner of its usage in many Islamic traditions as an opening prayer. The word itself comes from the root (ف ت ح), which means "to open, explain, disclose, conquer", etc. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabica (journal)
''Arabica'' is a peer-review academic journals of Arab studies founded in 1954 by Evariste Lévi-Provençal. The journal has been published by Brill Publishers since 1980. It is currently edited by Jean-Charles Coulon, and was in the past edited by Mohammed Arkoun. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in the following bibliographic databases: According to Scopus, it has a 2020 CiteScore CiteScore (CS) of an academic journal is a measure reflecting the yearly average number of citations to recent articles published in that journal. It is produced by Elsevier, based on the citations recorded in the Scopus database. Absolute ranki ... of 0.7, ranking 60th out of 845 journals in the category "Literature and Literary Theory". References External links * Academic journals established in 1954 Area studies journals Brill Publishers academic journals English-language journals French-language journals English-French multilingual journals {{are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushaf Of Ali
The Mushaf of Ali is a codex of the Quran (a ) that was collected by one of its first scribes, Ali ibn Abi Talib (), the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Ali is also recognized as the fourth Rashidun caliph () and the first Shia imam. By some Shia accounts, the codex of Ali was rejected for official use after the death of Muhammad in 632 CE for political reasons. Some early Shia traditions also suggest differences with the official Uthmanid codex, though currently, the prevalent Shia view is that the recension of Ali matched the Uthmanid codex, save for the order of its content. The Twelver Shia believe that the codex of Ali is now in the possession of their last imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, who would reveal the codex (and its authoritative commentary by Ali) when he reappears at the end of time to eradicate injustice and evil. Existence It is widely believed that Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, compiled his own tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Of Ubayy Ibn Ka'b
The codex of Ubayy ibn Ka'b is a mushaf of the Quran that differs from the Uthmanic codex and is attributed to Ubayy ibn Ka'b, a companion of Muhammad. The codices of Ubayy and Uthman differ on point of several textual variants between the two, but more importantly, Ubayy's codex possesses a total of 116 surahs, whereas the codex of Uthman possesses 114. The surahs absent from the Uthmanic codex, but present in that of Ubayy, are Al-Khalʿ (Surah 115) and Al-Ḥafd (Surah 116). These continued to be seen as authoritative and Quranic by several scholars through the eighth century, and evidence for the transmission of the codex is available until the tenth or eleventh centuries. A copy of the codex of Ubayy is unavailable in any extant manuscript, although its historicity is accepted. Islamic scholars documented the text of Ubayy's two unique surahs in addition to the textual variants that distinguished the codex of Ubayy from that of Uthman. Historicity Early on, Theodor Noldeke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kufa
Kufa ( ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates, Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Along with Samarra, Karbala, Kadhimiya and Najaf, Kufa is one of five Iraqi cities that are of great importance to Shia Islam, Shi'ite Muslims. The city was founded in 638 Common Era, CE (17 Hijra (Islam), Hijrah) during the reign of the second Rashidun Caliph, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, and it was the final capital of the last Rashidun Caliphate, Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib. Kufa was also the founding capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. During the Islamic Golden Age it was home to the grammarians of Kufa. Kufic, Kufic script is named for the city. The Palestinian keffiyeh, also known as kufiya and worn by Arab men, was Cultural appropriation, appropriated from Kufa, and is worn today to convey Cultural diversity, diverse political sentiments. Due to heightened global consumer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qira'at
In Islam, (pl. ; ) refers to the ways or fashions that the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is recited. More technically, the term designates the different linguistic, lexical, phonetic, morphological and syntactical forms permitted with reciting the Quran. Differences between include varying rules regarding the prolongation, intonation, and pronunciation of words, but also differences in stops, vowels, consonants (leading to different pronouns and verb forms), entire words and even different meanings. However, the variations don't change the overall message or doctrinal meanings of the Qur'an, as the differences are often subtle and contextually equivalent. also refers to the branch of Islamic studies that deals with these modes of recitation. There are ten recognised schools of , each one deriving its name from a noted Quran reciter or "reader" ( pl. or ), such as Nafi‘ al-Madani, Ibn Kathir al-Makki, Abu Amr of Basra, Ibn Amir ad-Dimashqi, Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mu'awwidhatayn
Al-Mu'awwidhatayn (Arabic: المعوذتين), an Arabic expression meaning "The Two Protectors" or "The Two Protective Incantations", refers to the final two surahs (chapters) of the Quran: 113 (Al-Falaq) and 114 (Al-Nas). They are called by this name because of their use of the term ''ʿādhā'' (meaning "protection" or "refuge") in a phrase that occurs in both surahs: ʿ''qul aʿūdhu bi-rabbi al- ... min ...'' ("Say: I seek refuge with the Lord of ... from/against ... "). Likewise, the two surahs appear consecutively in the Qur'an, are both very short, and bear additional stylistic resemblances with one another, broadly functioning as incantations that appeal to God's protection from evils or ailments. Some in the Islamic tradition have claimed that the two surahs were also revealed at the same time to Muhammad. Some scholars have argued that the content and style of the Al-Mu'awwidhatayn is "wholly different" from the rest of that in the Quran. Relatedly, the placement of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah
A ''surah'' (; ; ) is an Arabic word meaning 'chapter' in the Quran. There are 114 ''suwar'' in the Quran, each divided into ayah, verses (). The ''suwar'' are of unequal length; the shortest ''surah'' (al-Kawthar) has only three verses, while the longest (al-Baqara, al-Baqarah) contains 286 verses.Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami (2003), ''The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments'', p.70. UK Islamic Academy. . The Qur'an consists of one short introductory chapter (Q1), eight very long chapters, making up one-third of the Qur'an (Al-Baqara, Q2‒At-Tawbah, 9); 19 mid-length chapters, making up another one-third (Q10‒28); and 86 short and very short ones of the last one-third (Q29‒114). Of the 114 ''suwar'' in the Quran, 86 are classified as Meccan surah, Meccan (), as according to Islamic tradition they were revealed before Muhammad's migration to Medina (''hijrah''), while 28 are Medinan surah, Medinan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quran
The Quran, also Romanization, romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a Waḥy, revelation directly from God in Islam, God (''Allah, Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which consist of individual verses ('). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic, Arabic language. It is the object of a modern field of academic research known as Quranic studies. Muslims believe the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final Islamic Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad through the Angel#Islam, angel Gabriel#Islam, Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning on the Night of Power, Laylat al-Qadr, when Muhammad was 40, and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important Islamic view of miracles, miracle, a proof of his prophet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Mashhad
''Codex Mashhad'' is an old codex of the Qurʾān, now mostly preserved in two manuscripts, MSS 18 and 4116, in the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi, Āstān-i Quds Library, Mashhad, Iran. The first manuscript in 122 folios and the second in 129 folios together constitute more than 90% of the text of the Qurʾān. The current codex is in two separate volumes, MSS 18 and 4116. The former contains the first half of the Qurʾān, from the beginning to the end of the 18th sūra, ''al-Kahf'', while the latter comprises the second half, from the middle of the 20th sūra, ''Ṭāhā'', to the end of the Qurʾān. In their present form, both parts of ''Codex Mashhad'' have been repaired, partially completed with pieces from later Kufic Qurʾāns and sometimes in a present-day ''nashkī'' hand. ''Codex Mashhad'' has almost all the elements and features of the oldest known Qurʾānic codices. The dual volumes of the main body, written in ''ḥijāzī'' or ''māʾil'' script, are the onl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Quranic Manuscripts
In Muslim tradition the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam's divine text, believed to be delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel#Islam, Jibril (Gabriel). Muhammad's revelations were said to have been recorded orally and in writing, through Muhammad and his followers up until his death in 632 CE. These revelations were then compiled by first caliph Abu Bakr and codified during the reign of the third caliph Uthman ( CE) so that the standard codex edition of the Quran or was completed around 650 CE, according to Muslim scholars.#MCKaVSI2000, Cook (2000): p. 6 This has been critiqued by some western scholarship, suggesting the Quran was Canonization of Islamic scripture, canonized at a later date, based on the dating of classical Islamic narratives, i.e. hadiths, which were written 150–200 years after the death of Muhammad,#HBMaToJW2000, Berg (2000): p. 495 and partly because of the textual variations present in the Sana'a manuscript. Muslim sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
