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Candareen
A candareen (; Accessed from OED Online. ; Singapore English usage: hoon) is a traditional unit of measurement, measurement of weight in East Asia. It is equal to 10 cash (unit), cash and is of a mace (measurement), mace. It is approximately 378 milligrams. A troy weight, troy candareen is approximately . In Hong Kong, one candareen is 0.3779936375 grams and, in the Weights and Measures Ordinance, it is ounces avoirdupois. In Singapore, one candareen is 0.377994 grams. The word ''candareen'' comes from the Malay language, Malay ''kandūri''. An earlier English form of the name was ''condrin''. The candareen was also formerly used to describe a unit of currency in imperial China equal to 10 li () and is of a mace. The Mandarin Chinese word ''Fen (currency), fēn'' is used to denote of a Renminbi, Chinese renminbi yuan but the term ''candareen'' for that currency is now obsolete. Postal denomination On 1 May 1878 the Imperial Maritime Customs was opened to the publi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Units Of Measurement
Chinese units of measurement, known in Chinese as the ''shìzhì'' ("market system"), are the traditional units of measurement of the Han Chinese. Although Chinese numerals have been decimal (base-10) since the Shang dynasty, Shang, several Chinese measures use hexadecimal (base-16). Local applications have varied, but the Chinese dynasties usually proclaimed standard measurements and recorded their predecessor's systems in Chinese dynastic histories, their histories. In the present day, the People's Republic of China maintains some customary units based upon the market units but standardized to round values in the metric system, for example the common ''jin (mass), jin'' or catty (unit), catty of exactly 500gram (unit), g. The Chinese name for most metric units is based on that of the closest traditional unit; when confusion might arise, the word "market" (, ''shì'') is used to specify the traditional unit and "common" or "public" (, ''gōng'') is used for the metric value. Taiw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cash (unit)
Cash or li () is a traditional Chinese unit of weight. The terms "cash" or "le" were documented to have been used by British explorers in the 1830s when trading in Qing territories of China. Under the Hong Kong statute of the Weights and Measures Ordinance, 1 cash is about . Currently, it is candareen or catty, namely . See also * Chinese units of measurement Chinese units of measurement, known in Chinese as the ''shìzhì'' ("market system"), are the traditional units of measurement of the Han Chinese. Although Chinese numerals have been decimal (base-10) since the Shang dynasty, Shang, several Chine ... References External links Chinese/Metric/Imperial Measurement Converter {{DEFAULTSORT:Cash (Unit) Units of mass Chinese units in Hong Kong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mace (measurement)
A mace (; Hong Kong English usage: tsin; Southeast Asian English usage: chee) is a traditional Chinese unit of measurement, measurement of weight in East Asia that was also used as a currency denomination. It is equal to 10 candareens and is of a tael or approximately 3.78 grams. A troy weight, troy mace is approximately 3.7429 grams. In Hong Kong, one mace is grams. and in Ordinance 22 of 1884, it is ounces avoirdupois. In Singapore, one mace (referred to as chee) is grams. In imperial China, 10 candareens equaled 1 mace which was of a tael and, like the other units, was used in weight-denominated silver currency system. A common denomination was 7 mace and 2 candareens, equal to one silver Yuan (currency), Chinese yuan. Name Like other similar measures such as tael and catty, the English word "mace" derives from Malay language, Malay, in this case through Dutch language, Dutch ''maes'', plural ''masen'', from Malay ''mas'' which, in turn, derived from Sanskrit ' (), a word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currencies Of China
The history of Chinese currency spans more than 3000 years from ancient china, ancient China to imperial China and modern China. Currency of some type has been used in China since the Neolithic age which can be traced back to between 3000 and 4500 years ago. The history of China's monetary system traces back to the Shang dynasty (c. 1766–1154 BCE), where cowrie shells served as early currency. Cowry shells are believed to have been the earliest form of currency used in Central China, and were used during the Neolithic period. By the Warring States period, diverse metal currencies like knife and spade coins emerged. These early currencies, starting as a commodity exchange to cowrie shells, copper coins, paper money and modern Chinese currencies and digital currencies shows how centralized power developed the most influential monetary system in the world. Early Establishment The Shang dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC) came as a significant first step in the evolution of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postage Stamps And Postal History Of China
The history of the postage stamps and postal history of China is complicated by the gradual decay of Imperial China and the years of civil war and Japanese occupation in the 1930s and 1940s. In modern times, postal delivery is handled by China Post. Early history Regular government and military postal service is known from the Zhou dynasty (1046-771 BCE). In the Han dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE) and Tang dynasty, postal service handled military communications. During the Song Dynasty, the postal system included delivery levels of foot, horse, and express. During the Yuan dynasty under Kublai Khan in the 12th century, China was integrated into the much larger Mongolian Örtöö system. Marco Polo reported that there were 10,000 post stages during that time. In addition, private letters were carried by the Min Hsin Chu, a system of letter guilds ('' hongs''). In this period, every prefecture and county had express delivery stations. The 1727 Treaty of Kyakhta with Russia provide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OED Online
The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house. The dictionary, which published its first edition in 1884, traces the historical development of the English language, providing a comprehensive resource to scholars and academic researchers, and provides ongoing descriptions of English language usage in its variations around the world. In 1857, work first began on the dictionary, though the first edition was not published until 1884. It began to be published in unbound Serial (literature), fascicles as work continued on the project, under the name of ''A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles; Founded Mainly on the Materials Collected by The Philological Society''. In 1895, the title ''The Oxford English Dictionary'' was first used unofficially on the covers of the series, and in 1928 the full dictionary was republished in 10 b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renminbi
The renminbi ( ; currency symbol, symbol: Yen and yuan sign, ¥; ISO 4217, ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB), also known as the Chinese yuan, is the official currency of the China, People's Republic of China. The renminbi is issued by the People's Bank of China, the Central bank, monetary authority of China. It is the world's Template:Most traded currencies, fifth-most-traded currency as of April 2022. The Yuan (currency), yuan () is the basic unit of the renminbi. One yuan is divided into 10 Jiao (currency), jiao (), and the jiao is further subdivided into 10 Fen (currency), fen (). The word ''yuan'' is widely used to refer to the Chinese currency generally, especially in international contexts. Valuation Until 2005, the value of the renminbi was Fixed exchange-rate system, pegged to the United States dollar, US dollar. As China pursued its Chinese economic reform, transition from planned economy, central planning to a market economy and increased its participation in foreign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currencies Of Asia
A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ''system of money'' in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. Under this definition, the British Pound sterling (£), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and U.S. dollars (US$) are examples of (government-issued) fiat currencies. Currencies may act as stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are either chosen by users or decreed by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance; i.e., legal tender laws may require a particular unit of account for payments to government agencies. Other definitions of the term ''currency'' appear in the respective synonymous articles: banknote, coin, and money. This article uses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Units In Hong Kong
Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of various ethnicities in contemporary China ** Ethnic minorities in China, people of non-Han Chinese ethnicities in modern China ** Ethnic groups in Chinese history, people of various ethnicities in historical China ** Nationals of the People's Republic of China ** Nationals of the Republic of China ** Overseas Chinese, Chinese people residing outside the territories of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan * Sinitic languages, the major branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family ** Chinese language, a group of related languages spoken predominantly in China, sharing a written script (Chinese characters in traditional and simplified forms) *** Standard Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of China (1912–1949)
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services. In general, it is defined as a social domain that emphasize the practices, discourses, and material expressions associated with the production, use, and management of resources. A given economy is a set of processes that involves its culture, values, education, technological evolution, history, social organization, political structure, legal systems, and natural resources as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. In other words, the economic domain is a social domain of interrelated human practices and transactions that does not stand alone. Economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments. Economic transactions occur when two groups or parties agree to the value or price of the transacted good or service, commonly expressed in a certain currency. However ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economy Of China
The People's Republic of China is a Developing country, developing Mixed economy, mixed socialist market economy, incorporating Industrial policy, industrial policies and strategic Five-year plans of China, five-year plans. —Xu, Chenggang. "The Fundamental Institutions of China's Reforms and Development." Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 49, no. 4, American Economic Association, 2011, pp. 1076–151, . —Nee, Victor, and Sonja Opper. "Political Capital in a Market Economy." Social Forces, vol. 88, no. 5, Oxford University Press, 2010, pp. 2105–32, . —Shue Tuck Wong & Sun Sheng Han (1998) Whither China's Market Economy? The Case of Lijin Zhen, Geographical Review, 88:1, 29–46, —Gregory C. Chow (2005) The Role of Planning in China's Market Economy, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 3:3, 193–203, —HUA, HUANG. "The Market Economy in China." Security Dialogue, vol. 24, no. 2, SAGE Publications, Ltd., 1993, pp. 175–79, . —Chow, Gregory C. "Devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
