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Búnker
The was the extreme right-wing faction that manifested itself in Spain during the end of the Franco regime and the Spanish transition to democracy. It was maintained by figures of the regime who were radically opposed to introducing any changes to it, and who after Franco's death absolutely rejected reforms, instead defending the continuity of the . Its three main representatives were the neo-Francoists José Antonio Girón de Velasco, Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta, and Blas Piñar. The most important newspaper of the was , which refers to the Siege of the Alcázar, where nationalist forces held the Alcázar of Toledo against an overwhelmingly larger Spanish Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War. The term refers to the extreme resistance that Hitler maintained until his last moments in the Führerbunker. According to the historian José Luis Rodríguez Jiménez, Members At the head of the movement was the former Minister of Labour, the Falangist Girón de Velasco, as we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assassination Of Luis Carrero Blanco
On 20 December 1973, Luis Carrero Blanco, the Prime Minister of Spain, was assassinated when a cache of explosives in a tunnel set up by the Basque separatist group ETA was detonated. The assassination, also known by its code name Operación Ogro (Operation Ogre), is considered to have been the biggest attack against the Francoist State since the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939 and had far-reaching consequences within the politics of Spain. The death of Carrero Blanco had numerous political implications. By the end of 1973, the physical health of dictator Francisco Franco had declined significantly, and it epitomized the final crisis of the Francoist regime. Following Carrero Blanco's death, the most conservative sector of the Francoist State, known as the , wanted to influence Franco so that he would choose an ultraconservative as Prime Minister. Finally, he chose Carlos Arias Navarro, who originally announced a partial relaxation of the most rigid aspects of the Franc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of The Alcázar
The siege of the Alcázar was a highly symbolic Nationalist victory in Toledo in the opening stages of the Spanish Civil War. The Alcázar of Toledo was held by a variety of military forces in favour of the Nationalist uprising. Militias of the parties in the Popular Front began their siege on July 21, 1936. The siege ended on September 27 with the arrival of the Army of Africa under Francisco Franco. Background On July 17, 1936, Francisco Franco began the military rebellion in Spanish Morocco. On July 18, the military governor of the province of Toledo, Colonel Moscardó, ordered the '' Guardia Civil'' of the province to concentrate in the city of Toledo. During July 19 and 20, various attempts were made by the War Ministry of the Republican government to obtain the munitions in the arms factory at Toledo. Each time, Colonel Moscardó refused and was threatened that a force from Madrid would be sent against him. Forces The Republican forces dispatched to Toledo consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far-right Politics
Far-right politics, often termed right-wing extremism, encompasses a range of ideologies that are marked by ultraconservatism, authoritarianism, ultranationalism, and Nativism (politics), nativism. This political spectrum situates itself on the far end of the right-wing politics, right, distinguished from more mainstream right-wing ideologies by its opposition to Liberal democracy, liberal democratic norms and emphasis on Exclusivism, exclusivist views. Far-right ideologies have historically included fascism, Nazism, and Falangism, while contemporary manifestations also incorporate neo-fascism, neo-Nazism, white supremacy, and various other movements characterized by chauvinism, xenophobia, and theocratic or reactionary beliefs. Key to the far-right worldview is the notion of societal purity, often invoking ideas of a homogeneous "national" or "ethnic" community. This view generally promotes organicism, which perceives society as a unified, natural entity under threat from D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fernando Quiroga Palacios
Fernando Quiroga Palacios (21 January 1900 – 7 December 1971) was a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela from 1949 until his death and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1953 by Pope Pius XII. Biography Fernando Quiroga Palacios was born in San Pedro de Maceda, near Maceda, Ourense, and studied at the seminary in Ourense, the Pontifical University of Santiago de Compostela, and the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome. Ordained to the priesthood on 10 June 1922, he finished his studies in 1925. While doing pastoral work in Ourense, Quiroga was also a professor and spiritual advisor at the Ourense seminary from 1925 to 1942. In 1942, he was named lectoral canon of the cathedral chapter of Valladolid, where he also did pastoral and seminary work until 1945. On 24 November 1945 Quiroga was appointed Bishop of Mondoñedo by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on 24 March 1946 from Archbishop A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carmen Martínez-Bordiú
María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco (born 26 February 1951), commonly known as Carmen Martínez-Bordiú, is a Spanish aristocrat and social figure. Martínez-Bordiú was the Duke of Franco, 2nd Duchess of Franco from July 2018''Boletín Oficial del Estado''no. 161, p. 67519 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018 until revocation of her dukedom and associated grandeeship on 21 October 2022 as a result of the Democratic Memory Law. She was the granddaughter of former Spanish general and dictator Francisco Franco and this law aimed to remove some of the remaining Franco symbols from the country, including the abolition of her title of nobility, granted to her mother during the regime of General Franco. Birth and youth Carmen Martínez-Bordiú was born in the Palacio Real de El Pardo in Madrid and was the daughter of Cristóbal Martínez-Bordiú, 10th Marquis of Villaverde, and Carmen Franco, 1st Duchess of Franco. Her maternal grandparents were the fascist dictator (''caudill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfonso, Duke Of Anjou And Cádiz
Alfonso, Duke of Anjou, Duke of Cádiz, Grandee of Spain ( Spanish: '' Don Alfonso Jaime Marcelino Manuel Víctor María de Borbón y Dampierre''; French: ''Alphonse Jacques Marcellin Emmanuel Victor Marie de Bourbon''; 20 April 1936 – 30 January 1989) was a grandson of King Alfonso XIII of Spain, a potential heir to the throne in the event of the restoration of the Spanish monarchy, and the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France. Upbringing Alfonso was born at Sant'Anna Clinic in Rome, the elder son of Infante Jaime, Duke of Segovia, King Alfonso's second of four sons. His mother was '' Donna'' Emanuela de Dampierre, daughter of Roger, Duke of San Lorenzo and ''Donna'' Vittoria Ruspoli dei principi di Poggio Suasa. The Segovias lived in Rome where Jaime's father had maintained a royal court-in-exile since the royal family fled Spain following the 1931 election of republicans and socialists in Spain's major cities. Alfonso was baptised by Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli (la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Carlos I
Juan Carlos I (; Juan Carlos Alfonso Víctor María de Borbón y Borbón-Dos Sicilias, born 5 January 1938) is a member of the Spanish royal family who reigned as King of Spain from 22 November 1975 until Abdication of Juan Carlos I, his abdication on 19 June 2014. In Spain, since his abdication, Juan Carlos has usually been referred to as the ('king emeritus') by the press. Juan Carlos is the son of Infante Juan, Count of Barcelona, and grandson of Alfonso XIII, the last king of Spain before the abolition of the monarchy in 1931 and the subsequent declaration of the Second Spanish Republic. Juan Carlos was born in Rome, Italy, during his family's exile. Francisco Franco took over the government of Spain after his victory in the Spanish Civil War in 1939, yet in 1947 Spain's status as a monarchy was affirmed and a law was passed allowing Franco to choose his successor. Juan Carlos's father assumed his claims to the throne after King Alfonso XIII died in February 1941. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freemasonry
Freemasonry (sometimes spelled Free-Masonry) consists of fraternal groups that trace their origins to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Freemasonry is the oldest secular fraternity in the world and among the oldest still-existing organizations in history. Modern Freemasonry broadly consists of three main traditions: *Anglo-American Freemasonry, Anglo-American style Freemasonry, which insists that a "volume of sacred law", such as the Bible, Quran, or other religious text be open in a working Masonic lodge, lodge, that every member professes belief in a God, supreme being, that only men be admitted, and discussion of religion or politics does not take place within the lodge. *Continental Freemasonry or Liberal Freemasonry which has continued to evolve beyond these restrictions, particularly regarding religious belief and political discussion. *Co-Freemasonry, Women Freemasonry or Co-Freemasonry, which includes organizations that either admit women exclusively (such as the Ord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pío Cabanillas Gallas
Pío Cabanillas Gallas (13 November 1923 – 10 October 1991) was a Spanish jurist and politician, who held different cabinet posts and served as a deputy in the European Parliament. Early life and education Cabanillas was born 13 November 1923 in Pontevedra. His father was a lawyer, and his uncle, Roman C., was a poet. Cabanillas held a law degree. Career Cabanillas was a member of the Council of the Realm, which was the highest advisory body in the Francoist Spain. He was the minister of information and tourism in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Arias Navarro which was formed on 4 January 1974 under Francisco Franco. Cabanillas replaced Fernando de Liñán in the post. Cabanillas was removed from office in October 1974 on the orders of Franco due to "being too liberal in lifting press censorship." Cabanillas' successor as minister of information and tourism was León Herrera Esteban. Cabanillas was appointed justice minister on 31 August 1981, replacing Francisc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arriba (newspaper)
''Arriba'' (Spanish for "up") was a Spanish daily newspaper published in Madrid between 1935 and 1979. It was the official organ of the Falange, and also of the regime during the Franco rule in the country. History ''Arriba'' was first published in Madrid 21 March 1935 by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, founder of the Falange Española. The paper soon became the official weekly newspaper of the Spanish Falange. On 5 March 1936 it was suspended by the government of the Second Spanish Republic. The suspension continued through the Spanish Civil War. After nearly three years of fighting, Madrid was captured by Nationalist troops under Francisco Franco. The Falangists seized the facilities of the newspaper '' El Sol'' and, beginning 29 March 1939, published a revived ''Arriba'' as the daily newspaper of the Movimiento Nacional. It soon became the official newspaper of the Spanish State under Franco. During the Spanish transition to democracy after Franco's death, the Spanish Counc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Carrero Blanco
Admiral-General Luis Carrero Blanco (; 4 March 1904 – 20 December 1973) was a Spanish Navy officer and politician. A long-time confidant and right-hand man of dictator Francisco Franco, Carrero served as Prime Minister of Spain. Upon graduating from the naval academy Carrero Blanco participated in the Rif War, and later the Spanish Civil War, in which he supported the Rebel faction. He became one of the most prominent figures in the Francoist dictatorship's power structure and held throughout his career a number of high-ranking offices such as those of Undersecretary of the Presidency from 1941 to 1967 and Franco's deputy from 1967 to 1973. He also was the main drafter behind the 1947 Law of Succession to the Headship of the State. Franco handpicked him as his successor in the role of head of government, with Carrero thereby taking office in June 1973. Shortly after he became prime minister, Carrero Blanco was assassinated in Madrid in a streetside bombing on 20 Dec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco Bahamonde (born Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco Bahamonde; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general and dictator who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War and thereafter ruled over Spain from 1939 to 1975, assuming the title ''Caudillo''. This period in Spanish history, from the Nationalist victory to Franco's death, is commonly known as Francoist Spain or as the Francoist dictatorship. Born in Ferrol, Spain, Ferrol, Galicia, into an upper-class military family, Franco served in the Spanish Army as a cadet in the Toledo Infantry Academy from 1907 to 1910. While serving in Spanish protectorate in Morocco, Morocco, he rose through the ranks to become a brigadier general in 1926 at age 33. Two years later, Franco became the director of the General Military Academy in Zaragoza. As a Conservatism, conservative and Monarchism, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
