|
Binary Decoder
In digital electronics, a binary decoder is a combinational logic circuit that converts binary information from the n coded inputs to a maximum of 2n unique outputs. They are used in a wide variety of applications, including instruction decoding, data multiplexing and data demultiplexing, seven segment displays, and as address decoders for memory and port-mapped I/O. There are several types of binary decoders, but in all cases a decoder is an electronic circuit with multiple input and multiple output signals, which converts every unique combination of input states to a specific combination of output states. In addition to integer data inputs, some decoders also have one or more "enable" inputs. When the enable input is negated (disabled), all decoder outputs are forced to their inactive states. Depending on its function, a binary decoder will convert binary information from n input signals to as many as 2n unique output signals. Some decoders have less than 2n output lines; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital Electronics
Digital electronics is a field of electronics involving the study of digital signals and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. It deals with the relationship between Binary number, binary inputs and outputs by passing electrical signals through Logic gate, logical gates, Resistor, resistors, Capacitor, capacitors, Amplifier, amplifiers, and other Electronic component, electrical components. The field of digital electronics is in contrast to analog electronics which work primarily with analog signals (signals with varying degrees of intensity as opposed to on/off two state binary signals). Despite the name, digital electronics designs include important analog design considerations. Large assemblies of logic gates, used to represent more complex ideas, are often packaged into integrated circuits. Complex devices may have simple electronic representations of Boolean logic#Digital electronic circuit design, Boolean logic functions. History The binary number system was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Binary-coded Decimal
In computing and electronic systems, binary-coded decimal (BCD) is a class of binary encodings of decimal numbers where each digit is represented by a fixed number of bits, usually four or eight. Sometimes, special bit patterns are used for a sign or other indications (e.g. error or overflow). In byte-oriented systems (i.e. most modern computers), the term ''unpacked'' BCD usually implies a full byte for each digit (often including a sign), whereas ''packed'' BCD typically encodes two digits within a single byte by taking advantage of the fact that four bits are enough to represent the range 0 to 9. The precise four-bit encoding, however, may vary for technical reasons (e.g. Excess-3). The ten states representing a BCD digit are sometimes called '' tetrades'' (the nibble typically needed to hold them is also known as a tetrade) while the unused, don't care-states are named ''pseudo-tetrad(e)s'', ''pseudo-decimals'', or ''pseudo-decimal digits''. BCD's main virtue, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Priority Encoder
A priority encoder is a Electronic circuit, circuit or algorithm that compresses multiple Binary code, binary inputs into a smaller number of outputs, similar to a Encoder (digital), simple encoder. The output of a priority encoder is the binary representation of the Zero-based numbering, index of the Bit numbering, most significant activated line. In contrast to the simple encoder, if two or more inputs to the priority encoder are active at the same time, the input having the highest priority will take :wikt:precedence, precedence. It is an improvement on a simple encoder because it can handle all possible input combinations, but at the cost of extra logic. Applications of priority encoders include their use in Programmable interrupt controller, interrupt controllers (to allow some interrupt requests to have higher priority than others), decimal or binary encoding, and Analog-to-digital converter, analog-to-digital / Digital-to-analog converter, digital to-analog conversion. Imple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
One-hot
In digital circuits and machine learning, a one-hot is a group of bits among which the legal combinations of values are only those with a single high (1) bit and all the others low (0). A similar implementation in which all bits are '1' except one '0' is sometimes called one-cold. In statistics, dummy variables represent a similar technique for representing categorical data. Applications Digital circuitry One-hot encoding is often used for indicating the state of a state machine. When using binary, a decoder is needed to determine the state. A one-hot state machine, however, does not need a decoder as the state machine is in the ''n''th state if, and only if, the ''n''th bit is high. A ring counter with 15 sequentially ordered states is an example of a state machine. A 'one-hot' implementation would have 15 flip-flops chained in series with the Q output of each flip-flop connected to the D input of the next and the D input of the first flip-flop connected to the Q output of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multiplexer
In electronics, a multiplexer (or mux; spelled sometimes as multiplexor), also known as a data selector, is a device that selects between several Analog signal, analog or Digital signal (electronics), digital input signals and forwards the selected input to a single output line. The selection is directed by a separate set of digital inputs known as select lines. A multiplexer of 2^n inputs has n select lines, which are used to select which input line to send to the output. A multiplexer makes it possible for several input signals to share one device or resource, for example, one analog-to-digital converter or one communications transmission medium, instead of having one device per input signal. Multiplexers can also be used to implement Boolean algebra, Boolean functions of multiple variables. Conversely, a demultiplexer (or demux) is a device that takes a single input signal and selectively forwards it to one of several output lines. A multiplexer is often used with a complem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mask (computing)
In computer science, a mask or bitmask is data that is used for bitwise operations, particularly in a bit field. Using a mask, multiple bits in a byte, nibble, Word (computer architecture), word, etc. can be set either on or off, or inverted from on to off (or vice versa) in a single bitwise operation. An additional use of masking involves Predication (computer architecture), predication in vector processing, where the bitmask is used to select which element operations in the vector are to be executed (mask bit is enabled) and which are not (mask bit is clear). Common bitmask functions Masking bits to 1 To turn certain bits on, the Logical disjunction, bitwise OR operation can be used, following Logical disjunction#Bitwise operation, the principle that for an individual bit Y, Y OR 1 = 1 and Y OR 0 = Y. Therefore, to make sure a bit is on, OR can be used with a 1. To leave a bit unchanged, OR is used with a 0. Example: Masking ''on'' the higher nibble (bits 4, 5, 6, 7) while l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Digital-to-analog Converter
In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC, D/A, D2A, or D-to-A) is a system that converts a digital signal into an analog signal. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs the reverse function. DACs are commonly used in music players to convert digital data streams into analog audio signals. They are also used in televisions and mobile phones to convert digital video data into analog video signals. These two applications use DACs at opposite ends of the frequency/resolution trade-off. The audio DAC is a low-frequency, high-resolution type while the video DAC is a high-frequency low- to medium-resolution type. There are several DAC architectures; the suitability of a DAC for a particular application is determined by figures of merit including: resolution, maximum sampling frequency and others. Digital-to-analog conversion can degrade a signal, so a DAC should be specified that has insignificant errors in terms of the application. Due to the complexity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unary Coding
Unary coding, or the unary numeral system, is an entropy encoding that represents a natural number, ''n'', with ''n'' ones followed by a zero (if the term ''natural number'' is understood as ''non-negative integer'') or with ''n'' − 1 ones followed by a zero (if the term ''natural number'' is understood as ''strictly positive integer''). A unary number's code length would thus be ''n'' + 1 with that first definition, or ''n'' with that second definition. Unary code when vertical behaves like mercury in a thermometer that gets taller or shorter as ''n'' gets bigger or smaller, and so is sometimes called thermometer code. An alternative representation uses ''n'' or ''n'' − 1 zeros followed by a one, effectively swapping the ones and zeros, without loss of generality. For example, the first ten unary codes are: Unary coding is an ''optimally efficient'' encoding for the following discrete probability distribution :\operatorname(n) = 2^\, fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4511
The 4000 series is a CMOS logic family of integrated circuits (ICs) first introduced in 1968 by RCA. It was slowly migrated into the 4000B buffered series after about 1975. It had a much wider supply voltage range than any contemporary logic family (3V to 18V recommended range for "B" series). Almost all IC manufacturers active during this initial era fabricated models for this series. Its naming convention is still in use today. History The 4000 series was introduced as the ''CD4000 COS/MOS'' series in 1968 by RCA as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the 7400 series of transistor-transistor logic (TTL) chips. The logic functions were implemented with the newly introduced Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. While initially marketed with "COS/MOS" labeling by RCA (which stood for Complementary Symmetry Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), the shorter ''CMOS'' terminology emerged as the industry preference to refer to the technology. The first chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seven-segment Display
A seven-segment display is a display device for Arabic numerals, less complex than a device that can show more characters such as dot matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, basic calculators, and other electronic devices that display numerical information. History Seven-segment representation of figures can be found in patents as early as 1903 (in ), when Carl Kinsley invented a method of telegraphically transmitting letters and numbers and having them printed on tape in a segmented format. In 1908, F. W. Wood invented an 8-segment display, which displayed the number 4 using a diagonal bar (). In 1910, a seven-segment display illuminated by incandescent bulbs was used on a power-plant boiler room signal panel. They were also used to show the dialed telephone number to operators during the transition from manual to automatic telephone dialing. They did not achieve widespread use until the advent of light-emitting diode, LEDs in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demultiplexer
In electronics, a multiplexer (or mux; spelled sometimes as multiplexor), also known as a data selector, is a device that selects between several analog or digital input signals and forwards the selected input to a single output line. The selection is directed by a separate set of digital inputs known as select lines. A multiplexer of 2^n inputs has n select lines, which are used to select which input line to send to the output. A multiplexer makes it possible for several input signals to share one device or resource, for example, one analog-to-digital converter or one communications transmission medium, instead of having one device per input signal. Multiplexers can also be used to implement Boolean functions of multiple variables. Conversely, a demultiplexer (or demux) is a device that takes a single input signal and selectively forwards it to one of several output lines. A multiplexer is often used with a complementary demultiplexer on the receiving end. An electronic mul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decoder Example
Decoder may refer to: Technology * Audio decoder converts digital audio to analog form * Binary decoder, digital circuits such as 1-of-N and seven-segment decoders * Decompress (compression decoder), converts compressed data (e.g., audio/video/images) to an uncompressed form * Instruction decoder, an electronic circuit that converts computer instructions into CPU control signals * Quadrature decoder, converts signals from an incremental encoder into counter control signals * Video decoder, converts base-band analog video to digital form Music * Decoder (band), a defunct post-hardcore band that was briefly named ''Lead Hands'' * Decoder (duo), a drum and bass duo * ''Decoder'' (album) Other uses * ''Decoder'' (film), a 1984 West German film See also * Decoding methods * Code (other) A code is a rule for converting a piece of information into another object or action, not necessarily of the same sort. Code may also refer to: Computing * Code (metadata), data elem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
