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Ataman
Ataman (variants: ''otaman'', ''wataman'', ''vataman''; ; ) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. In the Russian Empire, the term was the official title of the supreme military commanders of the Cossack armies. The Ukrainian version of the same word is '' hetman''. ''Otaman'' in Ukrainian Cossack forces was a position of a lower rank. Etymology The etymologies of the words ''ataman'' and '' hetman'' are disputed. There may be several independent Germanic and Turkic origins for seemingly cognate forms of the words, all referring to the same concept. The ''hetman'' form cognates with German '' Hauptmann'' ('captain', literally 'head-man') by the way of Czech or Polish, like several other titles. The Russian term ''ataman'' is probably connected to Old East Slavic ''vatamanŭ,'' and cognates with Turkic ''odoman'' ( Ottoman Turks). The term ''ataman'' may have also had a lingual interaction with Polish ''hetman'' and German ''hauptmann''. Suggestions hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossack
The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Eastern Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia. Cossacks played an important role in defending the southern borders of Ukraine and Russia, countering the Crimean-Nogai raids, alongside economically developing steppe regions north of the Black Sea and around the Azov Sea. Historically, they were a semi-nomadic and semi-militarized people, who, while under the nominal suzerainty of various Eastern European states at the time, were allowed a great degree of self-governance in exchange for military service. Although numerous linguistic and religious groups came together to form the Cossacks, most of them coalesced and became East Slavic–speaking Orthodox Christians. The rulers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russian Empire endowed Cossacks with certain special privileges in return for the military duty to serve in the irregular troops: Zaporozhian Cossac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuban Cossacks
Kuban Cossacks (; ), or Kubanians (, ''kubantsy''; , ''kubantsi''), are Cossacks who live in the Kuban region of Russia. Most of the Kuban Cossacks are descendants of different major groups of Cossacks who were re-settled to the western Northern Caucasus in the late 18th century (estimated 230,000 to 650,000 initial migrants). The western part of the region (Taman Peninsula and adjoining region to the northeast) was settled by the Black Sea Cossack Host who were originally the Zaporozhian Cossacks of Ukraine, from 1792. The eastern and southeastern part of the host was previously administered by the Khopyour and Kuban regiments of the Caucasus Line Cossack Host and Don Cossacks, who were re-settled from the Don Cossacks, Don from 1777. The Kuban Cossack Host (Кубанское казачье войско), the administrative and military unit composed of Kuban Cossacks, formed in 1860 and existed until 1918. During the Russian Civil War, the Kuban Cossacks proclaimed the Kuba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hetman
''Hetman'' is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders (comparable to a field marshal or imperial marshal in the Holy Roman Empire). First used by the Czechs in Bohemia in the 15th century, it was the title of the second-highest military commander after the king in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 16th to 18th centuries. Hetman was also the title of the head of the Cossack state in Ukraine after the Khmelnytsky Uprising of 1648. Throughout much of the history of Romania and the Moldavia, hetmans were the second-highest army rank. In the modern Czech Republic, the title is used for regional governors. Etymology The term ''hetman'' was a Polish borrowing, most likely stemming via Czech from the Turkic title ''ataman'' (literally 'father of horsemen'), however it could also come from the German – captain. Since hetman as a title first appeared in Czechia in the 15th century, as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sotnyk
Sotnik or sotnyk (; ; ) was a military rank among the Cossack starshyna (military officers), the Russian ''streltsy'' and Cossack cavalry, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, the Ukrainian Galician Army, and the Ukrainian People's Army. Administrative rank Holders of the rank also served as leaders of territorial units. In the Cossacks' paramilitary society of the Zaporozhian Host, Cossack Hetmanate, and Sloboda Ukraine, territories were organized along the lines of military organization and commanded by officers. During the Khmelnytsky Uprising and in the Cossack Hetmanate (17th-18th centuries), ''sotnyks'' were leaders of territorial administrative subdivisions called ''sotnyas''. Such sotnyks were subordinated to ''polkovnyks'' (colonel) who were in control of a polk (primary administrative division) and a regiment (military unit). Military ranks The word ''sotnik'' literally means ''commander of a hundred men'' in most Slavonic languages, much like how the Latin term Centuri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sotnia
A sotnia ( Ukrainian and , ) was a military unit and administrative division in some Slavic countries. Sotnia, deriving back to 1248, has been used in a variety of contexts in both Ukraine and Russia to this day. It is a helpful word to create short names for groups including the Nebesna Sotnia and Terek Wolf Sotnia, stating that these groups do include 100–150 persons. The military unit analog and most meaningful translation for the English-speaking world would be a company. Its significance can be noticed by nationalist impact within the 16th-18th century Cossacks, Ukrainian People's Republic, Ukrainian National Army, and during Euromaidan. Sotnia can also be referred to as half-sotnia which is a more diminutive unit of people. This typically consists of around 50 people. In Russian history, (see Сотня) was also a unit of some other (civil) organizations, such as the Black Hundreds. History and application Cossacks As a unit of the Cossack regiments, it is kn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurin
Kurin () has two definitions: a military and administrative unit of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, Black Sea Cossack Host, and others; and of a type of housing (see below). In the administrative definition, a kurin usually consisted of a few hundred Cossacks, with their own land, treasury and flag, and around a hundred houses. The number of kurins was not permanent, and varied throughout time: during the 16th century, there were 8 kurins in the Zaporozhian Sich and 38 during the first half of the 18th century. All Cossacks had to be part of a kurin and were listed on the so-called "kurin komput" (a register of Cossacks in the kurin), and were subject to the kurin otaman. In the other definition, a kurin is a type of housing, sometimes temporary, which can vary in size and purpose: from a small tent made of leaves, to a large wooden house for permanent occupation. Administrative unit The kurin was the lowest administrative division in the Cossack Hetmanate. According to a Ukraini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kish Otaman
Kish may refer to: Businesses and organisations * KISH, a radio station in Guam * Kish Air, an Iranian airline * Korean International School in Hanoi, Vietnam People * Kish (surname), including a list of people with the name * Kish, a former stage name of Andrew Kishino (born 1970), Canadian actor and rapper * Kish (Bible), father of Saul * Kish, a Jaredite king in the Book of Mormon Places * Gishi, Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan, also called Kish * Kiş, Shaki, Azerbaijan ** Church of Kish * Kish Island, Iran ** Kish, Iran, a city ** Kish Gas Field ** Kish International Airport ** Kish District, an administrative subdivision ** Kish Rural District, an administrative subdivision * Kish (Sumer), an ancient city now in Iraq ** Kish civilization, an ancient Mesopotamian culture * Kish Bank, off the coast of Dublin, Ireland * Kishacoquillas Valley, or Kish Valley, Pennsylvania, U.S. * Kish, historic name of Shahrisabz, Uzbekistan Other uses * Iranian yacht ''Kish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaporizhian Host
The Zaporozhian Host (), or Zaporozhian Sich () is a term for a military force inhabiting or originating from Zaporizhzhia, the territory in what is Southern and Central Ukraine today, beyond the rapids of the Dnieper River, from the 15th to the 18th centuries. These include: * Zaporozhian Sich, a semi-autonomous Cossacks' polity in the 16th–18th centuries ** Cossack Hetmanate, the Cossack state that the Zaporozhian Sich was formed into between 1649 and 1764 * Zaporozhian Cossacks, generally ** Registered Cossacks Registered Cossacks (, ) comprised special Cossack units of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth army in the 16th and 17th centuries. Registered Cossacks became a military formation of the Commonwealth army beginning in 1572 soon after the ..., Zaporizhian warriors who were recorded as cossacks in official registries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between 1572 and 1699 {{SIA Early modern history of Ukraine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cossack Host
A Cossack host (; , ''kazachye voysko''), sometimes translated as Cossack army, was an administrative subdivision of Cossacks in the Russian Empire. Earlier the term ''voysko'' ( host, in a sense as a doublet of ''guest'') referred to Cossack organizations in their historical territories, most notable being the Zaporozhian Host of Zaporozhian Cossacks. Russian Empire Each Cossack host consisted of a certain territory with Cossack settlements that had to provide military regiments for service in the Imperial Russian Army and for border patrol operations. Usually the hosts were named after the regions of their location. The ''stanitsa'', or village, formed the primary unit of this organization. In the Russian Empire (1721-1917), the Cossacks constituted twelve separate hosts, settled along the frontiers: * the Don Cossack Host * the Bug Cossacks * the Kuban Cossack Host * the Terek Cossack Host * the Astrakhan Cossack Host * the Ural Cossack Host * the Orenburg Cos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
