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Ancient Egyptian Mythology
Egyptian mythology is the collection of myths from ancient Egypt, which describe the actions of the Egyptian gods as a means of understanding the world around them. The beliefs that these myths express are an important part of ancient Egyptian religion. Myths appear frequently in Egyptian writings and art, particularly in short stories and in religious material such as hymns, ritual texts, funerary texts, and temple decoration. These sources rarely contain a complete account of a myth and often describe only brief fragments. Inspired by the cycles of nature, the Egyptians saw time in the present as a series of recurring patterns, whereas the earliest periods of time were linear. Myths are set in these earliest times, and myth sets the pattern for the cycles of the present. Present events repeat the events of myth, and in doing so renew '' maat'', the fundamental order of the universe. Amongst the most important episodes from the mythic past are the creation myths, in which t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Horus
Horus (), also known as Heru, Har, Her, or Hor () in Egyptian language, Ancient Egyptian, is one of the most significant ancient Egyptian deities who served many functions, most notably as the god of kingship, healing, protection, the sun, and the sky. He was worshipped from at least the late prehistoric Egypt until the Ptolemaic Kingdom and Egypt (Roman province), Roman Egypt. Different forms of Horus are recorded in history, and these are treated as distinct gods by Egyptology, Egyptologists."The Oxford Guide: Essential Guide to Egyptian Mythology", Edited by Donald B. Redford, Horus: by Edmund S. Meltzer, pp. 164–168, Berkley, 2003, . These various forms may be different manifestations of the same multi-layered deity in which certain attributes or Syncretism, syncretic relationships are emphasized, not necessarily in opposition but complementary to one another, consistent with how the Ancient Egyptians viewed the multiple facets of reality. He was most often depicted as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joris Borghouts
Joris Frans Borghouts (17 June 1939 – 7 September 2018) was a Dutch Egyptologist. He was Professor of Egyptology at Leiden University from 1985 to 2004. Career Borghouts was born in on 17 June 1939. He obtained his doctorate at Leiden University in 1971 with a dissertation titled: ''The magical texts of Papyrus Leiden I 348''. From 1969 to 1976 he worked as a scientific employee at the Egyptological Seminar of the University of Amsterdam. He returned to Leiden University in 1976. Borghouts succeeded Jac. J. Janssen as professor and head of the Egyptology department in 1985. Under Borghouts the department reached its maximum size. Around the year 2000 the department became threatened by budget cuts. Borghouts defended the needs of the department and stated that he would see the department become academically irrelevant otherwise. Borghouts retired in 2004. However, he remained attached to Leiden University and The Netherlands Institute for the Near East. Borghouts was elected a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historiola
The historiola is a modern term for a kind of incantation incorporating a short mythic story that provides the paradigm for the desired magical action.Fritz Graf"Historiola" in '' Brill’s New Pauly''. Consulted online on 29 December 2020. It can be found in ancient Mesopotamian, Egyptian and Greek mythology, in the Aramaic Uruk incantation, incorporated in Mandaean incantations, as well as in Jewish kabbalah. There are also Christian examples evoking Christian legends. References Egyptian mythology Greek mythology Incantation {{Mythology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comparative Religion
Comparative religion is the branch of the study of religions with the systematic comparison of the doctrines and practices, themes and impacts (including human migration, migration) of the world's religions. In general the comparative study of religion yields a deeper understanding of the fundamental philosophical concerns of religion such as ethics, metaphysics and the nature and forms of salvation. It also considers and compares the origins and similarity (philosophy), similarities shared between the various religions of the world. Studying such material facilitates a broadened and more sophisticated understanding of human beliefs and practices regarding the sacred, numinous, Spirituality, spiritual and Divinity, divine. In the field of comparative religion, a common geographical classification of the Major religious groups, main world religions distinguishes groups such as Religion in the Middle East, Middle Eastern religions (including Abrahamic religions and Iranian rel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myth And Ritual
Myth and ritual are two central components of religious practice. Although myth and ritual are commonly united as parts of religion, the exact relationship between them has been a matter of controversy among scholars. One of the approaches to this problem is "the myth and ritual, or myth-ritualist, theory," held notably by the so-called Cambridge Ritualists, which holds that "myth does not stand by itself but is tied to ritual." This theory is still disputed; many scholars now believe that myth and ritual share common paradigms, but not that one developed from the other. Overview The " myth and ritual school" is the name given to a series of authors who have focused their philological studies on the "ritual purposes of myths." Some of these scholars (e.g., W. Robertson-Smith, James George Frazer, Jane Ellen Harrison, S. H. Hooke) supported the "primacy of ritual" hypothesis, which claimed that "every myth is derived from a particular ritual and that the syntagmatic quality o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nile Valley
The Nile (also known as the Nile River or River Nile) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is the longest river in Africa. It has historically been considered the longest river in the world, though this has been contested by research suggesting that the Amazon River is slightly longer.Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say Of the world's major rivers, the Nile has one of the lowest average annual flow rates. About long, its covers eleven countries: the |
Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food caused by several possible factors, including, but not limited to war, natural disasters, crop failure, widespread poverty, an Financial crisis, economic catastrophe or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased death, mortality. Every inhabited continent in the world has experienced a period of famine throughout history. During the 19th and 20th centuries, Southeast Asia, Southeast and South Asia, as well as Eastern Europe, Eastern and Central Europe, suffered the greatest number of fatalities due to famine. Deaths caused by famine declined sharply beginning in the 1970s, with numbers falling further since 2000. Since 2010, Africa has been the most affected continent in the world by famine. As of 2025, Haiti and Afghanistan are the two states with the most catastrophic and widespread states of famine, followed by Palestine (confined to Gaza Strip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flooding Of The Nile
The flooding of the Nile (commonly referred to as ''the Inundation'') and its silt Deposition (geology), deposition was a natural cycle first attested in Ancient Egypt. It was of singular importance in the history and culture of Egypt. Governments and administrators of Egypt began constructing infrastructure to Flood management, control the flooding in the 19th century, and these projects continued into the 20th. The annual flooding cycle in Egypt came to an end in 1970 with the completion of the Aswan Dam, Aswan High Dam. The river's predictability and annual deposits in the Valley, Nile Valley and Nile Delta, Delta made for extraordinarily rich soil—classified today as alluvium on a bed of entisol— enabling the Egyptians to build an empire on the basis of its enormous agricultural wealth and Surplus product, surpluses of cereals which could be stored or traded. Egyptians were one of the History of agriculture, first groups of people to practice agriculture on a large scale. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geography Of Egypt
The geography of Egypt relates to two regions: North Africa and West Asia. Egypt has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea, the River Nile, and the Red Sea. Egypt borders Libya to the west, Palestine and Israel to the east and Sudan to the south (with a current dispute over the Halaib Triangle, Halaib triangle). Egypt has an area of . The longest straight-line distance in Egypt from north to south is , while that from east to west measures . Egypt has more than of coastline on the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Gulf of Aqaba. It has an Exclusive Economic Zone of . Governorates Egypt is divided into 27 governorates. There are nine governorates of Lower Egypt in the Nile Delta region, ten of Upper Egypt along the Nile river south from Cairo to Aswan, and five frontier governorates covering Sinai and the deserts that lie west and east of the Nile river. Natural regions Egypt is predominantly desert. 35,000 km2 – 3.5% – of the total land area is Agricult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egyptologists
This is a partial list of Egyptologists. An Egyptologist is any archaeologist, historian, linguist, or art historian who specializes in Egyptology, the scientific study of Ancient Egypt and its antiquities. Demotists are Egyptologists who specialize in the study of the Demotic language and field of Demotic Studies. Although a practitioner of the disciplined study of Ancient Egypt and Egyptian antiquities is an "Egyptologist", the field of Egyptology is not exclusive to such practitioners. A * Barbara G. Adams (British, 1945–2002) * Johan David Åkerblad (Swedish, 1763–1819) * Cyril Aldred (British, 1914–1991) * James Peter Allen (American, born 1945) * Maurice Alliot (French, 1903–1960) *Hartwig Altenmüller (German, born 1938) *Émile Amélineau (French, 1850–1915) * Alessia Amenta (Italian) * Guillemette Andreu (French, born 1948) * Tadeusz Andrzejewski (Polish, 1923–1961) *Jan Assmann (German, 1938–2024) *Éric Aubourg (French) * Sydney Hervé Aufrère (French, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amulet
An amulet, also known as a good luck charm or phylactery, is an object believed to confer protection upon its possessor. The word "amulet" comes from the Latin word , which Pliny's ''Natural History'' describes as "an object that protects a person from trouble". Anything can function as an amulet; items commonly so used include statues, coins, drawings, plant parts, animal parts, and written words. Amulets which are said to derive their extraordinary properties and powers from magic or those which impart luck are typically part of folk religion or paganism, whereas amulets or Sacramental, sacred objects of Organized religion, formalised mainstream religion as in Christianity are believed to have no power of their own without faith in Jesus and being blessing, blessed by a clergyman, and they supposedly will also not provide any preternatural benefit to the bearer who does not have an Disposition#Religion, appropriate disposition. Talisman and amulets have interchangeable meanings. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
