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Zürich Thaler
The cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy used a currency system consisting of based on the old unit of the ''Schilling'', with the Schilling divided into 4 ''Rappen'' or 12 ''Haller''. The '' Taler'' was a large silver coin equivalent to 72 ''Schilling'' or 2 ''Gulden'' that came into use in the 16th century. The '' Batzen'' was an intermediate coin equivalent to 2 ''Schilling'' or ''Gulden''. Overview ''Taler'' were minted in Zürich during the 16th to 18th centuries, with Talers, ''Doppeltaler'' and ''halbe Taler'', first minted in Zürich in the 16th century. First dated coins are Guilders minted in 1512. Taler coins consisted of 27 to 28 grams of silver, with a diameter of 39 to 43 mm. The currency used in the 18th century was a ''thaler'' worth of a Cologne mark and a ''gulden'' worth of a Cologne mark. The Gulden was divided into 40 ''schilling'' or 60 ''kreuzer''. The French silver ''écu'' was valued at 2 ''gulden''. The French écu was equivalent to 4 francs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Swiss Confederacy
The Old Swiss Confederacy, also known as Switzerland or the Swiss Confederacy, was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or ), initially within the Holy Roman Empire. It is the precursor of the modern state of Switzerland. It formed at the end of the 13th century, from foundation of the Old Swiss Confederacy, a nucleus in what is now Central Switzerland, growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy, expanding to include the cities of Zurich and Bern by the middle of the 14th century. This formed a rare union of rural and urban medieval commune, communes, all of which enjoyed imperial immediacy in the Holy Roman Empire. This confederation of eight cantons () was politically and militarily successful for more than a century, culminating in the Burgundy Wars of the 1470s which established it as a power in the complicated political landscape dominated by Early modern France, France and the Habsburg monarchy, Habsburgs. Its success resulted in the addition of more con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shilling
The shilling is a historical coin, and the name of a unit of modern currency, currencies formerly used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, other British Commonwealth countries and Ireland, where they were generally equivalent to 12 pence or one-twentieth of a Pound (currency), pound before being phased out during the 1960s and 1970s. Currently the shilling is used as a currency in five east African countries: Kenyan shilling, Kenya, Tanzanian shilling, Tanzania, Ugandan shilling, Uganda, Somali shilling, Somalia, and the ''de facto'' country of Somaliland shilling, Somaliland. The East African Community additionally plans to introduce an East African shilling. History The word ''shilling'' comes from Anglo-Saxon language, Anglo-Saxon phrase "Scilling", a monetary term meaning literally "twentieth of a pound", from the Proto-Germanic root :wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skiljanÄ…, skiljanÄ… meaning literally "to separate, split, divide", from :wikt:Reconstr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thaler
A thaler or taler ( ; , previously spelled ) is one of the large silver coins minted in the states and territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy during the Early Modern period. A ''thaler'' size silver coin has a diameter of about and a weight of about 25 to 30 grams (roughly 1 ounce). The word is shortened from , the original ''thaler'' coin minted in Joachimsthal, Bohemia, from 1520. While the first standard coin of the Holy Roman Empire was the of 1524, its longest-lived coin was the , which contained Cologne Mark of fine silver (or 25.984 g), and which was issued in various versions from 1566 to 1875. From the 17th century a lesser-valued '' North German thaler'' currency unit emerged, which by the 19th century became par with the . The ''thaler'' silver coin type continued to be minted until the 20th century in the form of the Mexican peso until 1914, the five Swiss franc coin until 1928, the US silver dollar until 1935, and the Austrian Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batzen
The batzen is a historical Swiss, south German, and Austrian coin. It was first produced in Bern, Switzerland, from 1492 and remained in use there until the mid-19th century. Name Bernese chronicler Valerius Anshelm explained the word through folk etymology, stating that it came from ''Bëtz'' ("bear"), the heraldic animal of the Swiss canton, which was embossed on the reverse of the coin. The word probably derives from the Upper German (particularly Bavarian) ''batzen'' ("stick together") or ''Batzen'' ("lump, thick piece"), as it referred to a ''Dickpfennig'' ("fat pfennig"). History A double '' Plappart'', soon known as a ''Batzen'', was minted in Bern from 1492. The minting of ''Batzen'' in Salzburg is also attested early, in 1495. The ''Batzen'' was originally minted in silver, but from the 17th century in billon. The value of the ''Batzen'' varied over time depending on where it was minted. The value of a Bernese ''Batzen'' initially corresponded to four ''Kreuzer' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Zürich
Zurich has been continuously inhabited since Roman times. The vicus of '' Turicum'' was established in AD 90, at the site of an existing Gaulish ( Helvetic) settlement. Gallo-Roman culture appears to have persisted beyond the collapse of the Western empire in the 5th century, and it is not until the Carolingian period. A royal castle was built at the site of the Lindenhof, and monasteries are established at Grossmünster and Fraumünster. Political power lay with these abbeys during medieval times, until the guild revolt in the 14th century which led to the joining of the Swiss Confederacy. Zurich was the focus of the Swiss Reformation led by Huldrych Zwingli, and it came to riches with silk industry in Early Modern times. Early history Numerous lake-side settlements from the Neolithic and Bronze Age have been found, such as those in the Zürich Pressehaus and Zürich Mozartstrasse. The settlements were found in the 1800s, submerged in Lake Zurich. Located on the then swam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cologne Mark
The Cologne mark is an obsolete unit of weight (or mass) equivalent to 233.856 grams (about 3,609 grains). The Cologne mark was in use from the 11th century onward. It came to be used as the base unit for a number of currency standards, including the Lübeck monetary system, which was important in northern Europe in the late Middle Ages, and the coinage systems of the Holy Roman Empire, most significantly the 1754 conventionsthaler, defined as of a Cologne mark. The conventionsthaler replaced the reichsthaler, of a Cologne mark. The mark is defined as half a Cologne ( pound). A is divided into 16 ( ounces) of 29.23 grams (about 451 grains). Each is subdivided into 2 , 8 , and 32 . This ounce is the basis of several other pounds, including in England the Tower pound (12 ounces), the merchant's pound (15 ounces), and the London pound (16 ounces). The Cologne (2 marks) should not be confused with the of around 350 grams, 5400 grains, used in the Nuremberg apothecaries' s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Écu
The term ''écu'' () may refer to one of several France, French coins. The first ''écu'' was a gold coin (the ''écu d'or'') minted during the reign of Louis IX of France, in 1266. The value of the ''écu'' varied considerably over time, and silver coins (known as ''écu d'argent'') were also introduced. ''Écu'' (from Latin ''scutum'') means shield, and the coin was so called because its design included the coat of arms of France. The word is related to the Catalan language, Catalan ''escut'', Italian language, Italian ''scudo (other), scudo,'' or Portuguese language, Portuguese and Castilian language, Castilian ''escudo''. In English, the ''écu'' was often referred to as the crown, or the French crown in the eras of the crown (English coin), English crown, crown (British coin), British crown, and crown (currency), other crowns. History Origin When Louis IX took the throne, France still used small silver French denier, deniers (abbreviated ''d''.), which had circula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zürich Frank
The Frank was the currency of the Switzerland, Swiss Cantons of Switzerland, canton of Canton of Zürich, Zürich between 1806 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''Batzen'', each of 10 ''Rappen'', with 3 ''Heller'' to the Rappen and 4 Rappen to the ''Schilling''. It was worth th the French Écu#Silver écu of 1726, silver ''écu'' or 6.67 g fine silver. History The Swiss franc#History, Franc was the currency of the Helvetic Republic from 1798. The Helvetic Republic ceased issuing coins in 1803, Zürich again minted its own coins between 1806 and 1848. In 1850, the Swiss franc was introduced, with 1 Zürich franc = 1.4597 Swiss francs. Coins Billon coins were issued in denominations of 1 and 2 Rappen, with the 1 Rappen initially denominated as 3 Haller. Silver coins were struck for 10 Schillinge, 8, 10, 20 and 40 Batzen. References * External links Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland Canton of Zürich 1800s establishments in Switzerland 1850 dises ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baden Thaler
The Thaler was a coin issued by Baden of varying equivalents to its currency, the South German gulden, each of 60 kreuzer. Beginning in 1690, the Reichsthaler specie coin of 25.984 g fine silver was issued for 2 gulden. After 1754, the Conventionsthaler of 23.3856 g fine silver was issued for 2.4 gulden (2 gulden, 24 kreuzer). Starting in the 19th, century the Kronenthaler of 25.71 g fine silver was issued for 2.7 gulden (2 gulden, 42 kreuzer); the French silver écu also started being accepted for 2.8 gulden (2 gulden, 48 kreuzer). After 1837, the doppelthaler, which was worth two Prussian thalers, was issued for 3 gulden. From 1857 to 1871, the Vereinsthaler was issued for 1 gulden. References See also * South German gulden * Reichsthaler * Conventionsthaler * Kronenthaler * Écu § Silver écu of 1726 * Prussian thaler * Vereinsthaler The Vereinsthaler (, ''union thaler'') was a standard silver coin used in most German states and the Austrian Empire in the years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canton Of Zürich
The canton of Zurich is an administrative unit (Swiss canton, canton) of Switzerland, situated in the northeastern part of the country. With a population of (as of ), it is the most populous canton of Switzerland. Zurich is the ''de facto'' Capital city, capital of the canton, but is not specifically mentioned in the constitution. The Languages of Switzerland, official language is German language, German. The local Swiss German dialect, called ''Züritüütsch'', is commonly spoken. The canton has the highest Human Development Index score (0.994) List of subnational entities with the highest and lowest Human Development Index#Regions with the highest and lowest HDI, out of 1,790 subnational regions as of 2022. It is also a global Financial centre, financial center and has the List of Swiss cantons by GRP, fourth-highest GRP in Switzerland behind Basel-Stadt, Canton of Zug, Zug and Geneva canton, Geneva by GDP per capita. History Early history The prehistoric pile dwellings ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Obsolete Currencies
Modern may refer to: History *Modern history ** Early Modern period ** Late Modern period *** 18th century *** 19th century *** 20th century ** Contemporary history * Moderns, a faction of Freemasonry that existed in the 18th century Philosophy and sociology * Modernity, a loosely defined concept delineating a number of societal, economic and ideological features that contrast with "pre-modern" times or societies ** Late modernity Art * Modernism ** Modernist poetry * Modern art, a form of art * Modern dance, a dance form developed in the early 20th century * Modern architecture, a broad movement and period in architectural history ** Moderne, multiple architectural styles ** Modernisme a.k.a. Catalan Modernism * Modern music (other) Geography *Modra, a Slovak city, referred to in the German language as "Modern" Typography * Modern (typeface), a raster font packaged with Windows XP * Another name for the typeface classification known as Didone (typography) * Modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Currencies Of Switzerland
A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ''system of money'' in common use within a specific environment over time, especially for people in a nation state. Under this definition, the British Pound sterling (£), euros (€), Japanese yen (¥), and U.S. dollars (US$) are examples of (government-issued) fiat currencies. Currencies may act as stores of value and be traded between nations in foreign exchange markets, which determine the relative values of the different currencies. Currencies in this sense are either chosen by users or decreed by governments, and each type has limited boundaries of acceptance; i.e., legal tender laws may require a particular unit of account for payments to government agencies. Other definitions of the term ''currency'' appear in the respective synonymous articles: banknote, coin, and money. This article use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
