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Zhu Jun (Han Dynasty)
Zhu Jun (140s? - April 195), courtesy name Gongwei, was a military general and official who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. Life Zhu Jun was from Shangyu County (), Kuaiji Commandery (), which is present-day Shangyu District, Shaoxing, Zhejiang. His father died when he was still young, so he was raised by his mother, who earned a living by selling fabrics. When he reached adulthood, he served as a scribe in the local county office. Zhu Jun gained a reputation for being very filial towards his mother. Despite this, when an acquaintance Zhou Gui (周规) was unable to repay his debts to the local authorities, Zhu Jun stole fabrics from his mother in order to help Zhou settle the debts. As a result, Zhu Jun's mother lost her property. Greatly angered, she then blamed Zhu Jun. Zhu Jun replied, "Small losses will result in great fortunes later. To be poor first before becoming rich is the natural order." Du Shang (; 117-166), the Chief of Shangyu County, favoured him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu (surname)
Zhu is the pinyin romanization of five Chinese surnames: wikt:朱, 朱, wikt:祝, 祝, wikt:竺, 竺, wiktionary:猪, 猪 and wikt:諸, 諸. The most prominent of the five, Zhu (wikt:朱, 朱), is the 17th name in the ''Hundred Family Surnames'' poem and was the surname of the Ming dynasty emperors. It is alternatively spelled Chu (primarily in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan), Gee in the United States & Canada, and Choo (mostly in Singapore and Malaysia). As of 2018, it is the List of common Chinese surnames, 14th most common surname in the People's Republic of China, with a population of around 18 million.中国最新300大姓排名（2008 [Statistics on the number of citizens with each surname in China, based on records of National Identity Cards]." 2009-01-06. Accessed 20 Jun 2015 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiaolian
Xiaolian (; literally " filial and incorrupt"), was the standard of nominating civil officers started by Emperor Wu of Han in 134 BC. It lasted until its replacement by the imperial examination system during the Sui dynasty. In Confucian philosophy, filial piety is a virtue of respect for one's parents and ancestors. onfucianism in Context Classic Philosophy and Contemporary Issues, East Asia and Beyond/ref> Under the advice of Dong Zhongshu, Emperor Wu ordered each commandery to recommend one filial and one incorrupt candidate for civil offices. Later the nomination became proportional; Emperor He of Han changed the proportion to one candidate for every 200,000 residents, and one for every 100,000 residents in ethnic minority regions. The nominator was also responsible if the nominee was charged with corruption, and could be punished if he refused to nominate qualified individuals. After the Han dynasty, high positions were usually nominated according to the Nine-rank system, s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heishan Bandits
The Heishan bandits or Black Mountain bandits () was a bandit confederacy in the Taihang Mountain range during the later years of the Eastern Han dynasty in China. They played a part in the internecine feuds that followed the Eastern Han dynasty's descent into chaos preceding the Three Kingdoms period, during which they eventually surrendered to the warlord Cao Cao. History Following the loosening of central government control due to the repercussions of the Yellow Turban Rebellion, bandits and rebels sprung up everywhere. One such bandit group under Zhang Niujue (張牛角, aka Oxhorn Zhang), unrelated to the Yellow Turban movement, rose to power in the hill countries of the Taihang Mountains by plundering the western areas of the North China Plain. In 185, Zhang Niujue and fellow bandit Chu Yan (褚燕) joined forces to raid the town of Yingtao (癭陶). Zhang Niujue was killed in the skirmish, and his followers followed his last order to join Chu Yan. Chu Yan changed his surna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filial Mourning
Filial mourning () refers to a bureaucratic norm, practiced since the Han dynasty, whereby officials of the imperial government of China were obliged to resign their posts and return to their home upon the death of a parent or grandparent. Description The meaning of the phrase literally means 'to encounter worries/loss', i.e. bereavement. Once used to refer to all forms of mourning for one's parents, it evolved in meaning to refer only to the practice of officials resigning their posts for mourning. The roots of the practice lie in the Confucianist focus on filial piety as a key virtue of government, and thus was instituted during the Western Han dynasty, when Confucianism first became the official ideology of the empire. During the mourning period, banqueting, marriage, official activities and participation in the imperial examinations are all proscribed. The length of the mourning period is nominally three years, though in practice it has been described as being between twenty- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanyang Commandery
Nanyang Commandery ( zh, 南陽郡) was a Chinese commandery that existed from the Warring States period to Tang dynasty. It was centered in present-day Nanyang, Henan. History Nanyang Commandery was established by Qin in the 35th year of King Zhao (272 BC). The seat was Wan (), present-day Nanyang, Henan. It consisted of the land north of the Han River previously conquered from Chu. In the Western Han dynasty, the commandery consisted of 36 counties: Wan, Chou (), Duyan (), Zan (), Yuyang (), Boshan (), Nieyang (), Yin (), Duyang (), Zhi (), Shandu (), Caiyang (), Xinye (), Zhuyang (), Jiyang (), Wudang (), Wuyin (), Xi'e (), Rang (), Li (), Anzhong (), Guanjun (), Biyang (), Pingshi (), Sui (), She (), Deng (), Chaoyang (), Luyang (), Chongling (), Xindu (), Huyang (), Hongyang (), Lecheng (), Bowang (), and Fuyang (). The total population in 2 AD was 1,942,051, in 359,116 households. By 140 AD, the population had grown to 2,439,618, in 528,551 households. During the Thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuzhou (ancient China)
Yuzhou or Yu Province was one of the Nine Provinces of ancient China, later to become an administrative division around the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141 BC - 87 BC) of the Western Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 9). History Pre-Qin dynasty Pre-Qin dynasty (221 BC–206 BC) historical texts such as the '' Yu Gong'' or ''Tribute of Yu'' chapter of the '' Book of History'', '' Erya'', '' Rites of Zhou'' and '' Lüshi Chunqiu'' all refer to the Nine Provinces. Yuzhou appears in all of these texts even though different names are provided for the Nine Provinces. The ''Rites of Zhou'' states that Yuzhou was Henan Province, while the ''Lüshi Chunqiu'' records: "Yuzhou was between the Yellow and Han rivers. That was where Zhou was located." Han dynasty In 106 BC during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 9), China was divided into thirteen administrative divisions (excluding the area under the central government's control), each governed by an Inspector (刺史). Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cao Cao
Cao Cao (; ; ; 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese statesman, warlord, and poet who rose to power during the end of the Han dynasty (), ultimately taking effective control of the Han central government. He laid the foundation for the state of Cao Wei (220–265), established by his son and successor Cao Pi, who ended the Eastern Han dynasty and inaugurated the Three Kingdoms period (220–280). Beginning in his own lifetime, a corpus of legends developed around Cao Cao which built upon his talent, his cruelty, and his perceived eccentricities. Cao Cao began his career as an official under the Han government and held various appointments including that of a district security chief in the capital and the chancellor of a Jun (country subdivision), principality. He rose to prominence in the 190s during which he recruited his own followers, formed his own army, and set up a base in Yan Province (covering parts of present-day Henan and Shandong). In 196, he received E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Huangfu Song
Huangfu Song; pronounced in Mandarin (died April 195), courtesy name Yizhen, was a military general who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is best known for helping to suppress the Yellow Turban Rebellion and Liang Province rebellion. He was one of three imperial commanders when the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, along with Zhu Jun and Lu Zhi. He was known to be a modest and generous person. Lu Zhi was removed from command after the eunuch Zuo Feng (左豐) made false accusations against him; Lu Zhi had refused to bribe Zuo Feng. Huangfu Song, who took over command of the imperial troops from Lu Zhi, continued to use Lu as a strategist and reported his contributions to the imperial court. Thus, in the same year, Lu Zhi regained his post as Master of Writing (尚书). Life and background Huangfu Song was a nephew of Huangfu Gui (; 104-174), a military general, and Lady Huangfu. His father Huangfu Jie (Huangfu Gui's elder brother) was the Administrator of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lu Zhi (Han Dynasty)
Lu Zhi (before late 140s?–192),. courtesy name Zigan, was a Chinese historian, military general, philosopher, and politician during the Eastern Han dynasty. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, he was the mentor of Liu Bei and Gongsun Zan. He was described as a tall man (approximately 1.89 metres or 6'2") with a sonorous voice. Life Lu Zhi was born in Zhuo Commandery ''Zhuōjùn''; present-day Zhuozhou, Hebei). He studied under Ma Rong and Zheng Xuan was one of his classmates. As Ma Rong was a consort kin, his family was wealthy and his household had many songstresses and dancers. During his time studying with Ma Rong, Lu Zhi concentrated on his studies and never once looked at the songstresses and dancers, earning his teacher's respect. In 175, a rebellion led by "barbarians" in Jiujiang broke out. On account of his literary and martial abilities, Lu Zhi was made Administrator of Jiujiang. The rebels surrendered to Lu peacefully; Lu later resigned, citin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yellow Turban Rebellion
The Yellow Turban Rebellion, alternatively translated as the Yellow Scarves Rebellion, was a peasant revolt during the late Eastern Han dynasty of ancient China. The uprising broke out in 184 CE, during the reign of Emperor Ling. Although the main rebellion was suppressed by 185 CE, it took 21 years for full suppression of resistant areas and emerging rebellions by 205 CE. The weakening of the imperial court and the rising political influence of ultra-autonomous regional military-governors, who helped suppress the rebellion, eventually led to rampant warlord dominance and the resultant Three Kingdoms period. The rebellion, which got its name from the color of the rebels' headwear ( ''jīn'', defined as more of a scarf than the turban of South Asia) marked an important point in the history of Taoism due to the rebel leaders' association with the then secret Taoist societies. The revolt was also used as the opening event in the 14th-century historical novel '' Romance of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luoyang
Luoyang ( zh, s=洛阳, t=洛陽, p=Luòyáng) is a city located in the confluence area of the Luo River and the Yellow River in the west of Henan province, China. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast. As of December 31, 2018, Luoyang had a population of 6,888,500 inhabitants with 2,751,400 people living in the built-up (or metro) area made of the city's five out of six urban districts (except the Jili District not continuously urbanized) and Yanshi District, now being conurbated. By the end of 2022, Luoyang Municipality had jurisdiction over 7 municipal districts, 7 counties and 1 development zone. The permanent population is 7.079 million. Situated on the central plain of China, Luoyang is among the oldest cities in China and one of the cradles of Chinese civilization. It is the earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanhai Commandery
Nanhai Commandery ( zh, 南海郡) was an ancient Chinese commandery (China), commandery that existed from Qin dynasty to Tang dynasty. At the greatest extent, Nanhai's territories covered present-day Guangdong, Hainan, southeastern Guangxi and the southern tip of Fujian. The seat of Nanhai Commandery was Panyu (番禺, in modern Guangzhou). History In 214 BC, Qin dynasty conquered Lingnan and established three commanderies, Nanhai, Guilin Commandery, Guilin and Xiang Commandery, Xiang within the region. After the collapse of Qin, Zhao Tuo, the Qin prefect of Longchuan County, Guangdong, Longchuan County, Nanhai, established the Nanyue kingdom on Nanhai and surrounding commanderies. Panyu became the kingdom's capital. In 112 BC, Nanyue was annexed by the Han dynasty. In late Western Han period, Nanhai had a population of 19,613 households (94,253 individuals). The commandery administered 6 counties: Panyu, Boluo County, Boluo (博羅), Zhongsu (中宿), Longchuan County, Guangdong, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
