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Yongle Emperor's Campaigns Against The Mongols
The Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols happened from 1410 to 1424. It comprised five aggressive military expeditions by Ming dynasty, Ming China's armies against the Eastern Mongols, Oirats, Oirat Mongols, and other Mongol tribes. Background During the reign of the Hongwu Emperor, the Mongol commander Ming campaign against the Uriankhai, Naghachu surrendered to Ming China in 1387 and Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür, Tögüs Temür of the Northern Yuan Battle of Buir Lake, was defeated by a Ming army led by General Lan Yu (general), Lan Yu in 1388.Rossabi 1998, 227. Many Mongol tribes of Manchuria surrendered to Ming dynasty, Ming China and were subsequently incorporated into the Uriankhai Commanderies (known as the "Three Commanderies") to serve at the empire's northern frontier regions.Chan 1998, 222. However, the Oirats, Oirat Mongols (the principal group of the Western Mongols) and Eastern Mongols remained hostile toward Ming China and each other. The Ming court had di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump state, rump regimes ruled by remnants of the House of Zhu, Ming imperial family, collectively called the Southern Ming, survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the naval history of China, navy's dockyards in Nanjing were the largest in the world. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Ming
The ''History of Ming'' is the final official Chinese history included in the '' Twenty-Four Histories''. It consists of 332 volumes and covers the history of the Ming dynasty from 1368 to 1644. It was written by a number of officials commissioned by the court of Qing dynasty, with Zhang Tingyu as the lead editor. The compilation started in the era of the Shunzhi Emperor and was completed in 1739 in the era of the Qianlong Emperor, though most of the volumes were written in the era of the Kangxi Emperor. The sinologist Endymion Wilkinson writes that the ''Mingshi'', the second longest of the ''Twenty-Four Histories'', after the '' History of Song'', is "generally reckoned to be one of the best of the ''Histories'' and one of the easiest to read." Background After the Qing dynasty seized control of Beijing and North China, the Censor Zhao Jiding ( 趙繼鼎) was asked to compile the History of Ming in 1645 (the second year of the Shunzhi Emperor). In May 1645, the court of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wars Involving The Ming Dynasty
War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups. It is generally characterized by widespread violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. ''Warfare'' refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant suffering and casualties. Etymology The English word ''war'' derives from the 11th-century Old English words and , from Old French ( as in modern French), in turn from the Frankish , ultimately deriving from the Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic . The word is related to the Old Saxon , Old High German , and the modern German , meaning . History Anth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Kherlen
The Battle of Kherlen () was fought between the Eastern Mongols and the Ming dynasty at the banks of Kherlen River (Kerülen River) on the Mongolian Plateau on 23 September 1409.Tsai, Shih-Shan Henry (2001). ''Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle''. University of Washington Press. p. 167. Background A conflict erupted between two Eastern Mongol leaders, the khan Guilichi and his principal retainer Arughtai, which culminated in the killing of Guilichi in 1408. Arughtai, the victor of the conflict, installed Bunyashiri as the new khan. Afterwards, the Ming court sent the envoy Guo Ji to demand the dispatch of a tribute embassy, but they killed the envoy instead. In contrast, the Mongol leader Mahmud of the Oyirad Mongols (Western Mongols) sent a tribute mission to the Yongle Emperor of Ming China in 1408. The Ming court, who were appalled that the Eastern Mongols refused to establish tributary relations and murdered their envoy, would use the Oyirad Mongols to off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty In Inner Asia
The Ming dynasty in Inner Asia was the expansion of the Ming dynasty's realm and influence in Inner Asia between the 14th and the 16th centuries. The Ming dynasty overthrew and succeeded the Mongols, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and sought to avert further incursions by a regime originating from Inner Asia. Wars were fought against the Northern Yuan, which existed as a rump state after the collapse of the Yuan dynasty in 1368, but also against other states in Inner Asia including the Oirat Confederation and Moghulistan (and later its successor state, the Turpan Khanate). As a result, Ming China at the height incorporated Manchuria (Northeast China and Outer Manchuria), much of the regions of Inner Mongolia and Qinghai, and parts of Xinjiang into its realm, and also had some degree of influence in Tibet especially during the reign of the Yongle Emperor. The early Ming emperors from the Hongwu Emperor to the Zhengde Emperor continued Yuan practices such as hereditary military institutions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xia Yuanji
Xia Yuanji (; 1366–1430) was a Ming dynasty government minister. He was born in Xiangyin County, Hunan Province, which was then part of Huguang Province. His ancestral home was Dexing, Jiangxi. Xia read the ''Classic of Poetry'' and became a Xiucai at the age of 23, joining the Guozijian. Early in his career, he saw service under the Hongwu Emperor and Jianwen Emperor. After the Yongle Emperor came to the throne, he was sent to inspect Suzhou Creek. Xia opposed both Zheng He's overseas voyages and the Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols. In 1421, Xia Yuanji was imprisoned for voicing his opposition against the Yongle Emperor's decision to undertake the third Mongol military campaign, which would add another expenditure to the existing ones.. After the advice of Xia Yuanji, the Hongxi Emperor ordered the cessation of the Ming treasure voyages on 7 September 1424, the day of his accession to the throne.. On 8 September 1424, he released Xia Yuanji from his imprison ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portrait Assis De L'empereur Ming Chengzu
A portrait is a painting, photograph, sculpture, or other artistic representation of a person, in which the face is always predominant. In arts, a portrait may be represented as half body and even full body. If the subject in full body better represents personality and mood, this type of presentation may be chosen. The intent is to display the likeness, personality, and even the mood of the person. For this reason, in photography a portrait is generally not a snapshot, but a composed image of a person in a still position. A portrait often shows a person looking directly at the painter or photographer, to most successfully engage the subject with the viewer, but portrait may be represented as a profile (from aside) and 3/4. History Prehistorical portraiture Plastered human skulls were reconstructed human skulls that were made in the ancient Levant between 9000 and 6000 BC in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period. They represent some of the oldest forms of art in the Middle Eas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delbeg Khan
Delbeg (Mongolian script: ; ), (1395–1415) was a khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, reigning from 1412 to 1415. Delbeg was installed by the Oirats in 1411 as a puppet ruler, but this was not recognized by most of Mongol clans in the central and eastern Mongol territories. Delbeg became Khagan in 1411. According to Saghang Sechen, Delbeg was a son of Öljei Temür Khan (Buyanshir) who had instructed the Oriat leader Bahamu to make Delbeg the new Khan. However records in ''Shajrat Ul Atrak'' and '' Habib al-siyar'', Delbeg was a direct descendant of Ariq Böke, and this blood lineage able to rally some support from Mongol populace in west. But his authority only prevailed in less than a third of Mongol territory, the western parts, while the eastern and central parts were under the control of Arughtai, and the two sides fought continuously for more than two decades. The Oirats forced Arughtai to seek refuge in the lands bordering the Ming dynasty in 1414. In 1415, the Western ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naran, Sükhbaatar
Naran (, Sunny) is a sum (district) of Sükhbaatar Province in eastern Mongolia Mongolia is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south and southeast. It covers an area of , with a population of 3.5 million, making it the world's List of countries and dependencies by po .... In 2009, its population was 1,477.Sükhbaatar Aimag Annual Statistical Report 2009 Administrative divisions The district is divided into three bags, which are: * Gun Khudag * Naranbulag * Tosongiin GolReferences [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onon River
The Onon is a river in Mongolia and Russia. It is long, and has a drainage basin of .Онон Course It originates at the eastern slope of the Khentii Mountains. For 298 km it flows within Mongolia, before entering the Khentei-Daur Highlands region of the flowing along the[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kerulen
Kherlen River (also known as Kerülen; ; ) is a 1,254 km river in Mongolia and China. It is also one of the two longest rivers in Mongolia, along with the Orkhon River. Course The river originates in the south slopes of the Khentii mountains, near the Burkhan Khaldun mountain in the Khan Khentii Strictly Protected Area, about northeast of Ulaanbaatar. This area constitutes the divide between the Arctic ( Tuul River) and Pacific (Kherlen, Onon) basins and is consequently named "Three River Basins". From there the Kherlen flows in a mostly eastern direction through the Khentii ''aimag''. Further downriver, it crosses the eastern Mongolian steppe past Ulaan Ereg and Choibalsan, entering China at and emptying into Hulun Nuur after another . The mean streamflow of Kherlen River has decreased by more than a half from 2000 to 2008 when compared with prior decades. Kherlen-Ergune-Amur In years with high precipitation, the normally exitless Hulun Lake may overflow at its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributary System Of China
The tributary system of China (Simplified Chinese characters, simplified Chinese: 中华朝贡体系, Traditional Chinese characters, traditional Chinese: 中華朝貢體系, pinyin: Zhōnghuá cháogòng tǐxì), or Cefeng system () at its height was a network of loose international relations centered around China which facilitated trade and foreign relations by acknowledging China's regional hegemony, hegemonic role within a Sinocentrism, Sinocentric world order. It involved multiple relationships of trade, military force, diplomacy and ritual. The other states had to send a tributary envoy to China on schedule, who would kowtow to the Emperor of China, Chinese emperor as a form of tribute, and acknowledge his superiority and precedence. The other countries followed China's formal ritual in order to keep the peace with the more powerful neighbor and be eligible for diplomatic or military help under certain conditions. Political actors within the tributary system were largely aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
